Acetic Acid Upregulates the Expression of Genes for Fatty Acid Oxidation Enzymes in Liver to Suppress Body Fat Accumulation
Abstract
We investigated the effect of acetic acid (AcOH) on the prevention of obesity in high-fat-fed mice. The mice were intragastrically administrated with water or 0.3 or 1.5% AcOH for 6 weeks. AcOH administration inhibited the accumulation of body fat and hepatic lipids without changing food consumption or skeletal muscle weight. Significant increases were observed in the expressions of genes for peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha) and for fatty-acid-oxidation- and thermogenesis-related proteins: acetyl-CoA oxidase (ACO), carnitine palmitoyl transferase-1 (CPT-1), and uncoupling protein-2 (UCP-2), in the liver of the AcOH-treatment groups. PPARalpha, ACO, CPT-1, and UCP-2 gene expressions were increased in vitro by acetate addition to HepG2 cells. However, the effects were not observed in cells depleted of alpha2 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) by siRNA. In conclusion, AcOH suppresses accumulation of body fat and liver lipids by upregulation of genes for PPARalpha and fatty-acid-oxidation-related proteins by alpha2 AMPK mediation in the liver.
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Clinical studies demonstrated that apple vinegar regulates gene expression via the MAPK pathway.
“Clinical studies demonstrated that apple vinegar regulates gene expression via the Mitogrn-Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) pathway [17,18,19]”
From Fruits Vinegar: Quality Characteristics, Phytochemistry, and Functionality (2021) · cites this paper as [17]
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- Authors
- Kondo, T., Kishi, M., Fushimi, T., & Kaga, T.
- Affiliations
- Mizkan Group (Japan) (JP)
- Corresponding author
- Kondo, Tomoo
- Venue
- Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry
- Publisher
- American Chemical Society (ACS)
- Published
- 2009-05-26
- Volume
- 57
- Issue
- 13
- Pages
- 5982-5986
- ISSN
- 0021-8561 (ISSN-L)
- 1520-5118
- OpenAlex
- W2002598396
- Cited by
- 301
- References
- 25
- Citations by year
- 2026: 19 · 2025: 39 · 2024: 36 · 2023: 22 · 2022: 19 · 2021: 28 · 2020: 38 · 2019: 15 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 15 · 2012: 9
- FWCI
- 2.69
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Adipose Tissue and Metabolism
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diet, Metabolism, and Disease
- Keywords
- acetic acid, obesity prevention, fatty acid oxidation, PPARα, acetyl-CoA oxidase, carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1, UCP2, AMPK, hepatic lipid accumulation, body fat accumulation, high-fat diet, hepatic gene expression, HepG2 cells
- MeSH terms
- Uncoupling Protein 2, Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase, Animals, Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase, Fatty Acids, Humans, Ion Channels, Lipids, Liver, Liver Neoplasms, Male, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Obesity, Oxidation-Reduction, Up-Regulation, Hepatoblastoma, Acetic Acid, Mitochondrial Proteins, Cell Line, Tumor, PPAR alpha, Lipogenesis, Mice
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