Phytoecdysteroids from Ajuga iva act as potential antidiabetic agent against alloxan-induced diabetic male albino rats
Abstract
The present study investigated the protective effect of phytoecdysteroids extracted from the Ajuga iva plant on body weight changes, blood glucose, insulin total protein, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, triglycerides (TG), cholesterol, lipid peroxidation, antioxidant enzymes, pancreatic histopathology and hexokinase-I expression in the alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Experimental diabetes was induced following 15day intraperitoneal administration of alloxan. The rats were divided into four groups. Group I served as a sham group, and group II served as the diabetic control. Group III served as a treatment for phytoecdysteroids (10mg/kg), and group IV served as a treatment for phytoecdysteroids (20mg/kg). Phytoecdysteroids restored body weight loss to its antihyperglycemic effect. Blood glucose was reduced 19.2 and 52.9% in group III and IV respectively. Blood insulin (54.9 and 105.88%) and total protein (25 and 72.2%) was increased in group III and IV respectively. BUN, creatinine, TG, cholesterol and lipid peroxidation was significantly reduced following treatment. Catalase, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase activity were significantly increased following treatment. Islet β-cells are lost in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Regeneration of islets and reduced atrophy of acinar cells were noted. The number of insulin-secreting cells was tremendously reduced in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Insulin-secreting cells were increased 48 and 61% in group III and IV respectively. Hexokinase-I mRNA (28.3 & 93.5%) and protein (27.9 and 55.3%) expression were significantly increased following treatment. Taking all these data together, it is suggested that the phytoecdysteroid could be a potential therapeutic agent against experimental diabetes.
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Extract of Ajuga iva plant significantly ameliorated alloxan-induced diabetes in rats by lowering blood glucose, improving insulin and protein levels, and reducing blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, triglyceride, cholesterol, and lipid peroxidation.
“Similarly, the extract of the Ajuva iva plant was found to significantly ameliorate alloxan-induced diabetes in rats by lowering blood glucose level; improving insulin and protein levels; and reducing blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, triglyceride, cholesterol, and lipid peroxidation.”
From Molecular Targets of 20-Hydroxyecdysone in Mammals, Mechanism of Action: Is It a Calorie Restriction Mimetic and Anti-Aging Compound? (2025) · cites this paper as [76]
Alloxan kills pancreatic β-cells, but Ajuga extract rich in ecdysteroids promoted regeneration from this detrimental effect.
“Alloxan kills pancreatic β-cells (inducing type I diabetes), but the Ajuga extract, rich in ecdysteroids, promoted regeneration from this detrimental effect [76].”
From Molecular Targets of 20-Hydroxyecdysone in Mammals, Mechanism of Action: Is It a Calorie Restriction Mimetic and Anti-Aging Compound? (2025) · cites this paper as [76]
The extracted phytoecdysteroid from Ajuga iva caused reduction in blood glucose levels in diabetic rats and reduced blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, triglycerides, cholesterol, and lipid peroxidation, mediated by increasing catalase, SOD, and glutathione peroxidase activity, with regeneration of islets and reduction of acinar cell atrophy.
“The extracted PE caused reduction in blood glucose levels in the diabetic rats; it also reduced the levels of blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, triglycerides, cholesterol, and lipid peroxidation. These effects were mediated by increasing the levels of antioxidant enzymes, such as catalase, SOD, and glutathione peroxidase activity. Regeneration of islets and reduction of the acinar cells atrophy was”
From The Phytochemical, Biological, and Medicinal Attributes of Phytoecdysteroids: An Updated Review (2021) · cites this paper as [166]
Phytoecdysteroids extracted from Ajuga iva exhibited in vivo potential therapeutic effects against experimental diabetes induced by alloxan.
“PEs extracted from the plant Ajuga iva (Lamiaceae) have exhibited in vivo potential therapeutic effects against experimental diabetes induced by alloxan166.”
From The Phytochemical, Biological, and Medicinal Attributes of Phytoecdysteroids: An Updated Review (2021) · cites this paper as [166]
In rats, PEs cause reduction in blood sugar levels; decrease urea, nitrogen, cholesterol, lipid peroxidation, and triglycerides in blood; promote antioxidant enzyme activity (catalase, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase).
“In rats, PEs cause a reduction in blood sugar levels; they also decrease urea, nitrogen, cholesterol, lipid peroxidation, and triglycerides in the blood. This further promotes antioxidant enzyme activity, such as catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase [157].”
From Phytoecdysteroids: Distribution, Structural Diversity, Biosynthesis, Activity, and Crosstalk with Phytohormones (2022) · cites this paper as [157]
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Metabolic and Hormonal Modulation by Phytoecdysteroids in Mammals
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- Authors
- Wang, J.-J., Jin, H., Zheng, S.-L., Xia, P., Cai, Y., & Ni, X.-J.
- Affiliations
- First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University (CN)
- Venue
- Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2017-12
- Volume
- 96
- Pages
- 480-488
- ISSN
- 0753-3322 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2761674622
- Cited by
- 32
- References
- 45
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 2 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 4
- FWCI
- 3.46
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province (LQ13H100003)
- National Natural Science Foundation of China (81501382)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Natural Antidiabetic Agents Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Pancreatic function and diabetes
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Phytochemical Studies and Bioactivities
- Keywords
- phytoecdysteroids, Ajuga iva, antidiabetic activity, alloxan-induced diabetes, hyperglycemia, insulin secretion, pancreatic beta-cell damage, lipid peroxidation, antioxidant enzymes, hexokinase 1, blood glucose
- MeSH terms
- Alloxan, Animals, Blood Glucose, Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental, Hypoglycemic Agents, Male, Plant Extracts, Rats, Wistar, Ecdysteroids, Ajuga, Rats
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