The DOI matches its Crossref record; 105 of the 105 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Natural components in sunscreens: Topical formulations with sun protection factor (SPF)
Open accessAbstract
Artificial sunscreens are already gaining traction in order to protect the skin from sunburns, photoaging and photocarcinogenesis. However, the efficacy and safety of most artificial sunscreen constituents are hindered by their photostability, toxicity and damage to marine ecosystems. Natural selection and evolution have ensured that plants and animals have developed effective protective mechanisms against the deleterious side effects of oxidative stress and ultraviolet radiation (UV). Hence, natural antioxidants such as sun blockers are drawing considerable attention. The exact mechanism by which natural components act as sunscreen molecules has not been clearly established. However, conjugated π system is reported to play an important role in protecting the vital genetic material within the organism. Compared to artificial sunscreens, natural sunscreens with strong UV absorptive capacities are largely limited by low specific extinction value and by their inability to spread in large-scale sunscreen cosmetic applications. Previous studies have documented that natural components exert their photoprotective effects (such as improved skin elasticity and hydration, skin texture, and wrinkles) through their antioxidant effects, and through the regulation of UV-induced skin inflammation, barrier impairment and aging. This review focuses on natural antioxidant topical formulations with sun protection factor (SPF). Lignin, melanin, silymarin and other ingredients have been added to high sun protection nature sunscreens without any physical or chemical UV filters. This paper also provides a reference for adopting novel technical measures (extracting high content components, changing the type of solution, optimizing formulation, applying Nano technology, et al) to design and prepare nature sunscreen formulations equated with commercial sunscreen formulations. Another strategy is to add natural antioxidants from plants, animals, microorganisms and marine organisms as special enhancer or modifier ingredients to reinforce SPF values. Although the photoprotective effects of natural components have been established, their deleterious side effects have not been elucidated.
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“In fact, many studies have confirmed the detection of UV filters in human biological samples [12,13] and in marine organisms [14,15,16,17], thus confirming the hypothesis of UV filter-derived toxic effects.”
From UV Filters: Challenges and Prospects (2022) · cites this paper as [15]
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“In fact, many studies have confirmed the detection of UV filters in human biological samples [12,13] and in marine organisms [14,15,16,17], thus confirming the hypothesis of UV filter-derived toxic effects.”
From UV Filters: Challenges and Prospects (2022) · cites this paper as [15]
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1 retracted
Bora, N. S., Mazumder, B., Mandal, S., Patowary, P., Goyary, D., Chattopadhyay, P., & Dwivedi, S. K. (2018) · European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.ejps.2018.11.004 · Cited by 25
RetractedUV-induced DNA damage and repair: a review
Sinha, R. P., & Häder, D.-P. (2002) · Photochemical & Photobiological Sciences · doi:10.1039/b201230h · Cited by 1,978
A role for sunlight in skin-cancer – UV-induced p53 mutations in squamous-cell carcinoma
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Vitamin D for health: a global perspective
Hossein-nezhad, A., & Holick, M. F. (2013) · Mayo Clinic Proceedings · doi:10.1016/j.mayocp.2013.05.011 · Cited by 1,298
Toxic effects of ultraviolet radiation on the skin
Matsumura, Y., & Ananthaswamy, H. N. (2004) · Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.taap.2003.08.019 · Cited by 1,270
Oxidation events and skin aging
Kammeyer, A., & Luiten, R. M. (2015) · Ageing Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.arr.2015.01.001 · Cited by 980
Life and the Evolution of Earth's Atmosphere
Kasting, J. F., & Siefert, J. L. (2002) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1071184 · Cited by 514
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Review of environmental effects of oxybenzone and other sunscreen active ingredients
Schneider, S., & Lim, H. (2019) · Journal of American Academy of Dermatology · doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2018.06.033 · Cited by 297
Solar ultraviolet radiation-induced DNA damage in aquatic organisms: potential environmental impact
Häder, D.-P., & Sinha, R. P. (2005) · Mutation Research - Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis · doi:10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2004.11.017 · Cited by 226
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Hoang, H. T., Moon, J.-Y., & Lee, Y.-C. (2021) · Cosmetics · doi:10.3390/cosmetics8040106 · Cited by 329
Plant Extracts as Skin Care and Therapeutic Agents
Michalak, M. (2023) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms242015444 · Cited by 223
Sunscreens: A comprehensive review with the application of nanotechnology
Chavda, V. P., Acharya, D., Hala, V., Daware, S., & Vora, L. K. (2023) · Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology · doi:10.1016/j.jddst.2023.104720 · Cited by 153
UV Filters: Challenges and Prospects
Jesus, A., Sousa, E., Cruz, M., Cidade, H., Lobo, J., & Almeida, I. (2022) · Pharmaceuticals · doi:10.3390/ph15030263 · Cited by 132
Ballestín, S. S., & Bartolomé, M. J. L. (2023) · Applied Sciences · doi:10.3390/app13020712 · Cited by 64
Metadata
- Authors
- He, H., Li, A., Li, S., Tang, J., Li, L., & Xiong, L.
- Affiliations
- Sichuan University (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Xiong, lidan
- Venue
- Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2021-02
- Volume
- 134
- Pages
- 111161
- ISSN
- 0753-3322 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W3115421294
- Cited by
- 186
- References
- 105
- Citations by year
- 2026: 23 · 2025: 36 · 2024: 39 · 2023: 38 · 2022: 28 · 2021: 20
- FWCI
- 3.64
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- West China Hospital, Sichuan University
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Dermatology › Skin Protection and Aging
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › melanin and skin pigmentation
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Biochemistry (medical) › Phytochemicals and Antioxidant Activities
- Keywords
- natural sunscreen, sun protection factor, topical formulation, UV protection, photoprotection, natural antioxidants, lignin, melanin, silymarin, skin inflammation, photostability
- MeSH terms
- Administration, Cutaneous, Animals, Antioxidants, Humans, Plant Extracts, Plants, Medicinal, Skin, Sunburn, Sunscreening Agents, Ultraviolet Rays, Skin Aging, Oxidative Stress
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