Multimodal magnetic resonance imaging assessment of white matter aging trajectories over the lifespan of healthy individuals
Abstract
Background Postmortem and volumetric imaging data suggest that brain myelination is a dynamic lifelong process that, in vulnerable late-myelinating regions, peaks in middle age. We examined whether known regional differences in axon size and age at myelination influence the timing and rates of development and degeneration/repair trajectories of white matter (WM) microstructure biomarkers.Methods Healthy subjects (n = 171) 14-93 years of age were examined with transverse relaxation rate (R(2)) and four diffusion tensor imaging measures (fractional anisotropy [FA] and radial, axial, and mean diffusivity [RD, AxD, MD, respectively]) of frontal lobe, genu, and splenium of the corpus callosum WM (FWM, GWM, and SWM, respectively).Results Only R(2) reflected known levels of myelin content with high values in late-myelinating FWM and GWM regions and low ones in early-myelinating SWM. In FWM and GWM, all metrics except FA had significant quadratic components that peaked at different ages (R(2) < RD < MD < AxD), with FWM peaking later than GWM. Factor analysis revealed that, although they defined different factors, R(2) and RD were the metrics most closely associated with each other and differed from AxD, which entered into a third factor.Conclusions The R(2) and RD trajectories were most dynamic in late-myelinating regions and reflect age-related differences in myelination, whereas AxD reflects axonal size and extra-axonal space. The FA and MD had limited specificity. The data suggest that the healthy adult brain undergoes continual change driven by development and repair processes devoted to creating and maintaining synchronous function among neural networks on which optimal cognition and behavior depend.
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Lifetime speed of information processing is closely associated with white matter microstructure in humans and animal models.
“the lifetime speed of information processing closely associates with WM microstructure in humans and in animal models (Bartzokis et al., 2012, Kochunov et al., 2007, Lu et al., 2013)”
From Persistent psychopathology and neurocognitive impairment in COVID-19 survivors: effect of inflammatory biomarkers at three-month follow-up (2021) · cites this paper as Bartzokis et al., 2012
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- Authors
- Bartzokis, G., Lu, P. H., Heydari, P., Couvrette, A., Lee, G. J., Kalashyan, G., Freeman, F., Grinstead, J. W., Villablanca, P., Finn, J. P., Mintz, J., Alger, J. R., & Altshuler, L. L.
- Affiliations
- University of California, Los Angeles (US)
- The University of Texas at San Antonio Health Science Center (US)
- Corresponding author
- Bartzokis, George
- Venue
- Biological Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2012-12
- Volume
- 72
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 1026-1034
- ISSN
- 0006-3223 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2033844003
- Cited by
- 152
- References
- 69
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 15 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 19 · 2013: 10
- FWCI
- 9.90
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Biological Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Aging (R01AG027342, AG027342, K23AG028727)
- National Institute of Mental Health (MH0266029)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Advanced Neuroimaging Techniques and Applications
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Advanced MRI Techniques and Applications
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Functional Brain Connectivity Studies
- Keywords
- white matter aging, myelination, transverse relaxation rate, diffusion tensor imaging, fractional anisotropy, corpus callosum, frontal lobe white matter, splenium, genu, lifespan development, white matter microstructure, axon diameter, myelin content
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Aging, Axons, Brain, Cerebral Cortex, Female, Humans, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Male, Middle Aged, Myelin Sheath, Nerve Degeneration, Nerve Fibers, Oligodendroglia, Reference Values, Regression Analysis, Sex Characteristics, Biomarkers, Anisotropy, Echo-Planar Imaging, Young Adult, Diffusion Tensor Imaging
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Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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