The effects of normal aging on myelinated nerve fibers in monkey central nervous system
Open accessAbstract
The effects of aging on myelinated nerve fibers of the central nervous system are complex. Many myelinated nerve fibers in white matter degenerate and are lost, leading to some disconnections between various parts of the central nervous system. Other myelinated nerve fibers are affected differently, because only their sheaths degenerate, leaving the axons intact. Such axons are remyelinated by a series of internodes that are much shorter than the original ones and are composed of thinner sheaths. Thus the myelin-forming cells of the central nervous system, the oligodendrocytes, remain active during aging. Indeed, not only do these neuroglial cell remyelinate axons, with age they also continue to add lamellae to the myelin sheaths of intact nerve fibers, so that sheaths become thicker. It is presumed that the degeneration of myelin sheaths is due to the degeneration of the parent oligodendrocyte, and that the production of increased numbers of internodes as a consequence of remyelination requires additional oligodendrocytes. Whether there is a turnover of oligodendrocytes during life has not been studied in primates, but it has been established that over the life span of the monkey, there is a substantial increase in the numbers of oligodendrocytes. While the loss of some myelinated nerve fibers leads to some disconnections, the degeneration of other myelin sheaths and the subsequent remyelination of axons by shorter internodes slow down the rate conduction along nerve fibers. These changes affect the integrity and timing in neuronal circuits, and there is evidence that they contribute to cognitive decline.
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A significant fraction of adult-born OLs survive long-term.
“Nevertheless, the data suggest that a significant fraction of adult-born OLs survive long-term, in keeping with previous reports that OLs continue to accumulate with age in the mouse corpus callosum (McCarthy and Leblond, 1988) and the primate optic nerve (Sandell and Peters, 2002; Peters, 2009).”
From Oligodendrocyte Dynamics in the Healthy Adult CNS: Evidence for Myelin Remodeling (2013) · cites this paper as Peters, 2009
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Oligodendrocyte Dynamics in the Healthy Adult CNS: Evidence for Myelin Remodeling
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- Authors
- Peters, A.
- Affiliations
- Boston University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Peters, Alan
- ORCID
- Peters, Alan
- Venue
- Frontiers in Neuroanatomy
- Publisher
- Frontiers Media SA
- Published
- 2009
- Volume
- 3
- Pages
- 11-11
- ISSN
- 1662-5129 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC2713738
- OpenAlex
- W2048501712
- Cited by
- 211
- References
- 83
- Citations by year
- 2026: 11 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 23 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 20 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 16 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 17 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 6
- FWCI
- 2.41
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- Frontiers in Neuroanatomy (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- OpenBU (Boston University) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute on Aging (P01AG000001)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Developmental Neuroscience › Neurogenesis and neuroplasticity mechanisms
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pathology and Forensic Medicine › Multiple Sclerosis Research Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Advanced Neuroimaging Techniques and Applications
- Keywords
- normal aging, myelinated axons, central nervous system, oligodendrocytes, remyelination, myelin degeneration, internodes, white matter degeneration, myelin lamellae, nerve conduction slowing, cognitive decline, monkeys
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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