The one-two punch of alcoholism: role of central amygdala dynorphins/kappa-opioid receptors
Open accessAbstract
Background The dynorphin (DYN)/kappa-opioid receptor (KOR) system undergoes neuroadaptations following chronic alcohol exposure that promote excessive operant self-administration and negative affective-like states; however, the exact mechanisms are unknown. The present studies tested the hypothesis that an upregulated DYN/KOR system mediates excessive alcohol self-administration that occurs during withdrawal in alcohol-dependent rats by assessing DYN A peptide expression and KOR function, in combination with site-specific pharmacologic manipulations.Methods Male Wistar rats were trained to self-administer alcohol using operant behavioral strategies and subjected to intermittent alcohol vapor or air exposure. Changes in self-administration were assessed by pharmacologic challenges during acute withdrawal. In addition, 22-kHz ultrasonic vocalizations were utilized to measure negative affective-like states. Immunohistochemical techniques assessed DYN A peptide expression and [(35)S]GTPγS coupling assays were performed to assess KOR function.Results Alcohol-dependent rats displayed increased alcohol self-administration, negative affective-like behavior, DYN A-like immunoreactivity, and KOR signaling in the amygdala compared with nondependent control rats. Site-specific infusions of a KOR antagonist selectively attenuated self-administration in dependent rats, whereas a mu-opioid receptor/delta-opioid receptor antagonist cocktail selectively reduced self-administration in nondependent rats. A mu-opioid receptor antagonist/partial KOR agonist attenuated self-administration in both cohorts.Conclusions Increased DYN A and increased KOR signaling could set the stage for a one-two punch during withdrawal that drives excessive alcohol consumption in alcohol dependence. Importantly, intracentral nucleus of the amygdala pharmacologic challenges functionally confirmed a DYN/KOR system involvement in the escalated alcohol self-administration. Together, the DYN/KOR system is heavily dysregulated in alcohol dependence and contributes to the excessive alcohol consumption during withdrawal.
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For alcohol, prodynorphin mRNA expression increases in the CeA during acute withdrawal and in the NAc during withdrawal after 1 month of voluntary alcohol consumption.
“For alcohol, an increase in prodynorphin mRNA expression is observed in the CeA during acute withdrawal (Kissler et al., 2014) and in the NAc during withdrawal after 1 month of voluntary alcohol consumption (Przewłocka et al., 1997).”
From Drug Addiction: Hyperkatifeia/Negative Reinforcement as a Framework for Medications Development (2021) · cites this paper as Kissler et al., 2014
The Results section reports increased DYN A-like immunoreactivity in the CeA of alcohol-dependent rats euthanized during acute withdrawal. It measured peptide immunoreactivity, not prodynorphin mRNA expression. The NAc finding is attached to a different citation in the citing sentence and is not attributed to Kissler et al. (LLM, conf=0.90)
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- Authors
- Kissler, J. L., Sirohi, S., Reis, D. J., Jansen, H. T., Quock, R. M., Smith, D. G., & Walker, B. M.
- Affiliations
- Washington State University (US)
- Lundbeck (Denmark) (DK)
- Corresponding author
- Walker, Brendan M.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Biological Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2014-05
- Volume
- 75
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 774-782
- ISSN
- 0006-3223 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3749293
- OpenAlex
- W2006730435
- Cited by
- 145
- References
- 56
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 17 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 17 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 7
- FWCI
- 7.84
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Biological Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (R01AA020394)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuropeptides and Animal Physiology
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
- Keywords
- alcoholism, alcohol self-administration, alcohol withdrawal, dynorphin A, kappa opioid receptor, central amygdala, negative affect, mu-opioid receptor, delta opioid receptor, opioid receptor signaling, neural adaptation, ultrasonic vocalizations
- MeSH terms
- Ethanol, Alcoholism, Animals, Central Nervous System Depressants, Male, Receptors, Opioid, Self Administration, Substance Withdrawal Syndrome, Rats, Wistar, Receptors, Opioid, kappa, Rats, Central Amygdaloid Nucleus
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