κ-opioid receptors are implicated in the increased potency of intra-accumbens nalmefene in ethanol-dependent rats
Open accessAbstract
Previously, it was shown that ethanol-dependent animals display increased sensitivity to the general opioid receptor antagonist nalmefene compared to naltrexone. It was hypothesized that the dissociable effects of the two antagonists were attributable to a κ-opioid receptor mechanism. Nucleus accumbens dynorphin is upregulated following chronic ethanol exposure and such neuroadaptations could contribute to nalmefene's increased potency in ethanol-dependent animals. To test this hypothesis, male Wistar rats were trained to self-administer ethanol using an operant conditioning procedure. Animals were then implanted with bilateral intra-accumbens shell guide cannulae and assigned to either a chronic intermittent ethanol vapor-exposure condition (to induce dependence) or an air-exposed control group. Following a one-month exposure period, nalmefene, nor-binaltorphimine (nor-BNI; selective for κ-opioid receptors) or a combination of the selective opioid receptor antagonists CTOP and naltrindole (selective for the μ- and δ-opioid receptors, respectively) were site-specifically infused into the nucleus accumbens shell prior to ethanol self-administration sessions during acute withdrawal. Nalmefene and CTOP/naltrindole dose-dependently reduced ethanol self-administration in nondependent and dependent animals, whereas nor-BNI selectively attenuated ethanol self-administration in ethanol-dependent animals without affecting the self-administration of nondependent animals. Further analysis indentified that intra-accumbens shell nalmefene was more potent in ethanol-dependent animals and that the increased potency was attributable to a κ-opioid receptor mechanism. These data support the concept that dysregulation of DYN/κ-opioid receptor systems contributes to the excessive self-administration observed in dependent animals and suggest that pharmacotherapeutics for ethanol dependence that target κ-opioid receptors, in addition to μ- and δ-opioid receptors, are preferable to those that target μ- and δ-opioid receptor mechanisms alone.
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The effects of k-opioid receptor blockade on high compulsive-like alcohol intake may be mediated by the extended amygdala, including the CeA and shell of the NAc.
“These effects may be mediated by the extended amygdala, including the CeA and shell of the NAc (Nealey et al., 2011).”
From Drug Addiction: Hyperkatifeia/Negative Reinforcement as a Framework for Medications Development (2021) · cites this paper as Nealey et al., 2011
The Discussion reports that blocking κ-opioid receptors in the nucleus accumbens shell attenuated excessive ethanol self-administration in dependent rats. It does not identify the central amygdala (CeA) or establish the extended amygdala as the mediating circuit; it also describes excessive intake rather than specifically compulsive-like intake. (LLM, conf=0.86)
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- Authors
- Nealey, K. A., Smith, A. W., Davis, S. M., Smith, D. G., & Walker, B. M.
- Affiliations
- Washington State University (US)
- Lundbeck (United States) (US)
- Corresponding author
- Walker, Brendan M.
- Venue
- Neuropharmacology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2011-07
- Volume
- 61
- Issue
- 1-2
- Pages
- 35-42
- ISSN
- 0028-3908 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3955175
- OpenAlex
- W2054879676
- Cited by
- 133
- References
- 66
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 15 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 15 · 2012: 14
- FWCI
- 5.39
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Neuropharmacology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (R01AA020394)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuropeptides and Animal Physiology
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
- Keywords
- kappa opioid receptor, nalmefene, ethanol dependence, nucleus accumbens shell, dynorphin, nor-binaltorphimine, CTOP, naltrindole, ethanol self-administration, ethanol withdrawal, opioid antagonists
- MeSH terms
- Ethanol, Alcoholism, Animals, Male, Naltrexone, Nucleus Accumbens, Self Administration, Rats, Wistar, Receptors, Opioid, kappa, Rats, Infusions, Intraventricular
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