Advancements and Prospects in Algal Biofuel Production: A Comprehensive Review
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Microalgae represent a valuable renewable resource for biofuel production due to their high lipid content, rapid growth rates, and non-competition with food resources. Both freshwater species like Chlorella and marine species such as Dunaliella, Tetraselmis, and Nannochloropsis are among the most commonly utilized candidates. This review provides a comprehensive overview of current cultivation and harvesting methodologies for microalgae in the context of biofuel production, emphasizing sustainable aviation fuel and biohydrogen. It synthesizes recent findings, technological advancements, and practical implementations to enhance the productive and economic viability of microalgae-based biofuels, highlighting their potential as a sustainable renewable energy source. Among the biofuels, sustainable aviation fuel and biohydrogen stand out as significant contributors to reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Technologies such as the oil-to-jet process and Fischer–Tropsch synthesis are being optimized to convert algal lipids into high-quality fuels. Biohydrogen offers several advantages, including the potential for negative CO2 emissions and compatibility with existing hydrogen infrastructure. Despite the challenges associated with the high costs of cultivation and processing, advances in biotechnological methods and process engineering promise to overcome these barriers. This review highlights the importance of continued research and development to maximize the potential of microalgal biofuels in achieving sustainable energy goals and contributing to global efforts in mitigating climate change.
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Most scientific publications focus on the use of microalgae biomass for the production of biofuels such as biodiesel, bioethanol, biogas, biohydrogen, and aviation fuels.
“Most scientific publications focus on the use of microalgae biomass for the production of biofuels such as biodiesel, bioethanol, biogas, biohydrogen, and aviation fuels [8-12].”
From Multi-Sensing Monitoring of the Microalgae Biomass Cultivation Systems for Biofuels and Added Value Products Synthesis—Challenges and Opportunities (2025) · cites this paper as [11]
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Waste to Energy: Anaerobic Co-Digestion of Microalgal Biomass and Bakery Waste
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Recent innovations in sustainable algal biofuel production: a comprehensive review
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Conclusion and Roadmap for Implementation
Kumar, V., & Mishra, S. K. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-96-8054-2_15 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Bioenergy Production from Algae and Microbial Systems
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Bhattacharjee, S., & Baruah, P. P. (2025) · Chemical Engineering Journal Green and Sustainable · doi:10.1016/j.cejgas.2025.100012 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Algal Biofuels: Production Processes and Upscaling Challenges
Pillay, C., Naicker, S., & Beekrum, L. (2026) · Reference series in phytochemistry · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-80866-1_30-1 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Shanmugam, B. (2026) · Polymer Bulletin · doi:10.1007/s00289-026-06473-8 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
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Liu, Y. (2024) · Molecular & cellular biomechanics · doi:10.62617/mcb816
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Oladipo, E. K., Ogunniran, J. A., & Akinpelu, O. S. (2025) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-24040-9.00006-9
Introduction to Algal Bioengineering and Microbial Synergy
Sharma, S., & Sharma, S. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-96-8054-2_1
Kargan, F. A., Nematollahi, M. A., Firouz, M. S., & Aghajani, P. F. (2025) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.5463178
Improving the role of microalgae in carbon capture
Gopinath, G., Das, S., Midhun, S. L., Chouhan, A. R. S., Geetha, S. J., Pandey, G., Jadhawar, P., Sarma, H., Pandit, S., Aseri, G. K., et al. (2025) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-33122-0.00008-8
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Microalgae cocultures: concepts and applications
Bahari, N., Almalki, W. J., Almahmoudi, Z., Islam, M., Veeramani, S., & Vaidyanathan, S. (2026) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-34082-6.00004-0
Nanomaterials in Algal Biodiesel Production: Innovations, Progress, and Future Prospects
Pal, P., Prakash, O., Singh, A. K., Gupta, R. K., Sarangi, P. K., & Sahoo, U. K. (2026) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-17170-2_4
Biology and diversity of microalgae and seaweeds
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Research gaps and future directions
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Falfushynska, H., Bagdahn, J., Holz, M., & Scott, C. (2026) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-40493-1.00006-1
Biofuels: Exploring the Future of Green & Clean Energy
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Biomass microsystem environment
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A Recent Update on Biofuel Production from Microalgae
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Saidi, M., & Ahmadbozorgi, A. (2026) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-34088-8.00035-5
Senthil Kumar, S., Bharani Kumar, S., Srinivas, J., Ashok Kumar, R., Jayabal, R., & Prabhakar, P. (2026) · Biotechnology and Applied Biochemistry · doi:10.1002/bab.70210
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An overview on promissory feedstocks and technologies for sustainable aviation fuel production
Guzmán-Martínez, C. E., Caltzontzin-Rabell, V., & Gutiérrez‐Antonio, C. (2026) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-41575-3.00022-8
Marine Algae-Derived Materials for Environmental Applications
Malak, S., Ceballos, M. W. G., Ramesh, S. K., Rasgo, J. R. F., & Ajala, S. O. (2026) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-92-0347-5_3
- Authors
- Falfushynska, H.
- Affiliations
- Anhalt University of Applied Sciences (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Falfushynska, Halina
- ORCID
- Falfushynska, Halina
- Venue
- Phycology
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2024-10-11
- Volume
- 4
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 548-575
- ISSN
- 2673-9410 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W4403484780
- Cited by
- 55
- References
- 142
- Citations by year
- 2026: 25 · 2025: 29 · 2024: 1
- FWCI
- 3.68
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Phycology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- BMBF Project Professor “innengewinnung und Nachwuchsentwicklung zur Etablierung eines Centers of Advanced Scientific Education (CASE)”
- Ministry of Science and Higher Education of Kazakhstan
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Energy › Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment › Algal biology and biofuel production
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Microbial Metabolic Engineering and Bioproduction
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Agronomy and Crop Science › Bioenergy crop production and management
- Keywords
- microalgae, algal biofuels, sustainable aviation fuel, biohydrogen, algal lipid production, microalgae cultivation, microalgae harvesting, Fischer-Tropsch synthesis, Chlorella, Dunaliella, Nannochloropsis, Tetraselmis, negative CO2 emissions, greenhouse gas emissions reduction, renewable energy
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