A comparison of thought suppression to an acceptance-based technique in the management of personal intrusive thoughts: A controlled evaluation
Abstract
Research suggests that suppressing unwanted thoughts is not possible, leads to a subsequent increase in frequency of the suppressed thoughts, and results in higher levels of distress. Because thought suppression may have negative effects, an alternative, acceptance-based approach has been proposed. The current paper reports the outcomes of two studies. Study I examined the relationships between two naturally occurring strategies of thought management (thought suppression and acceptance), symptoms of psychopathology, and experiences with personally relevant intrusive thoughts. Results showed that those who naturally suppress personally relevant intrusive thoughts have more, are more distressed by, and have a greater "urge to do something" about the thoughts, while those who are naturally more accepting of their intrusive thoughts are less obsessional, have lower levels of depression, and are less anxious. Study II compared three groups (thought suppression, acceptance, and monitor-only groups) on the frequency and distress associated with experiencing personally relevant intrusive thoughts. Results revealed that those instructed to suppress their personal intrusive thoughts were unable to do so and experienced an increased level of distress after suppression, whereas those instructed to use an acceptance-based strategy experienced a decrease in discomfort level (but not thought frequency) after having used such a strategy. These data offer initial evidence that acceptance may…
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The 'soldiers on parade' mindfulness exercise reduces subjective distress from an intrusive thought-provoking task and affects willingness to engage in the task again.
“The “soldiers on parade” mindfulness exercise (Hayes, Strosahl, et al., 1999, pp. 158–160) reduces subjective distress from an intrusive thought-provoking task (Marcks & Woods, 2005) and willingness to engage in the task again (Marcks & Woods, 2007).”
From Acceptance and Commitment Therapy and Contextual Behavioral Science: Examining the Progress of a Distinctive Model of Behavioral and Cognitive Therapy (2013) · cites this paper as Marcks & Woods, 2005
Suppression leads to more thoughts and more distress, while acceptance of thoughts leads to fewer thoughts, as well as lower levels of depression and anxiety.
“research has indicated that suppression leads to more thoughts and more distress, while acceptance of thoughts leads to fewer thoughts, as well as lower levels of depression and anxiety (Marcks & Woods, 2005).”
From When ‘negativity’ becomes obstructive: a novel exploration of the two-factor model of the Self-Compassion Scale and a comparison of self-compassion and self-criticism interventions (2020) · cites this paper as Marcks & Woods, 2005
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- Authors
- Marcks, B. A., & Woods, D. W.
- Affiliations
- University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee (US)
- Corresponding author
- Woods, Douglas W.
- Venue
- Behaviour Research and Therapy
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2005-04
- Volume
- 43
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 433-445
- ISSN
- 0005-7967 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2052430645
- Cited by
- 198
- References
- 23
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 14 · 2014: 18 · 2013: 13 · 2012: 16
- FWCI
- 7.98
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Behaviour Research and Therapy (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Mindfulness and Compassion Interventions
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Mind wandering and attention
- Keywords
- thought suppression, intrusive thoughts, obsessive-compulsive symptoms, depression, anxiety, distress, cognitive behavioral therapy
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Mental Disorders, Female, Humans, Internal-External Control, Male, Psychometrics, Repression, Psychology, Thinking, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
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