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Rumination as a transdiagnostic factor in depression and anxiety
Open accessAbstract
The high rate of comorbidity among mental disorders has driven a search for factors associated with the development of multiple types of psychopathology, referred to as transdiagnostic factors. Rumination is involved in the etiology and maintenance of major depression, and recent evidence implicates rumination in the development of anxiety. The extent to which rumination is a transdiagnostic factor that accounts for the co-occurrence of symptoms of depression and anxiety, however, has not previously been examined. We investigated whether rumination explained the concurrent and prospective associations between symptoms of depression and anxiety in two longitudinal studies: one of adolescents (N=1065) and one of adults (N=1317). Rumination was a full mediator of the concurrent association between symptoms of depression and anxiety in adolescents (z=6.7, p< .001) and was a partial mediator of this association in adults (z=5.6, p< .001). In prospective analyses in the adolescent sample, baseline depressive symptoms predicted increases in anxiety, and rumination fully mediated this association (z=5.26, p< .001). In adults, baseline depression predicted increases in anxiety and baseline anxiety predicted increases in depression; rumination fully mediated both of these associations (z=2.35, p= .019 and z=5.10, p< .001, respectively). These findings highlight the importance of targeting rumination in transdiagnostic treatment approaches for emotional disorders.
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“This may interrupt the feedback loop that amplifies anxiety and depression [30, 58–60].”
From Emotion Regulation as a Mechanism of Mindfulness in Individual Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Depression and Anxiety Disorders (2024) · cites this paper as [60]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
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“The first pathway to mitigating anxiety and depression symptoms involves reducing perseverative and avoidant emotion regulation strategies, such as rumination, avoidance, and suppression, which are known to maintain and exacerbate internalizing psychopathology [29, 58–62].”
From Emotion Regulation as a Mechanism of Mindfulness in Individual Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Depression and Anxiety Disorders (2024) · cites this paper as [60]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“The first pathway to mitigating anxiety and depression symptoms involves reducing perseverative and avoidant emotion regulation strategies, such as rumination, avoidance, and suppression, which are known to maintain and exacerbate internalizing psychopathology [29, 58–62].”
From Emotion Regulation as a Mechanism of Mindfulness in Individual Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Depression and Anxiety Disorders (2024) · cites this paper as [60]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“growing evidence suggests that anxiety and rumination are likely dynamically and reciprocally related (McLaughlin & Nolen-Hoeksema, 2011; Tamm et al., 2024) rather than strictly ordered.”
From Mindfulness and rumination: stress pathways for caregivers of persons living with dementia. (2026) · cites this paper as McLaughlin & Nolen-Hoeksema, 2011
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“Repetitive negative thinking is a common process across anxiety disorders (McLaughlin & Nolen-Hoeksema, 2011).”
From Participant experiences of change in mindfulness-based stress reduction for anxiety disorders. (2020) · cites this paper as McLaughlin & Nolen-Hoeksema, 2011
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“Depression, for example, is characterized by biases towards negative information and rumination [81]”
From Ventromedial prefrontal–subcortical systems and the generation of affective meaning (2012) · cites this paper as [81]
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“there is evidence that certain elements of cognitive vulnerability (e.g., rumination, McLaughlin & Nolen-Hoeksema, 2011; and negative self-referential processing, Mennin & Fresco, 2013) may be transdiagnostic in nature.”
From A Latent Structure Analysis of Cognitive Vulnerability to Depression in Adolescence (2019) · cites this paper as McLaughlin & Nolen-Hoeksema, 2011
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ResultRumination reconsidered: a psychometric analysis.
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“Though initially linked to depression, rumination appears best conceptualized as a transdiagnostic vulnerability and maintenance factor for affective dysregulation and related emotional disorders (McLaughlin & Nolen-Hoeksema, 2011; Wolkenstein et al., 2014).”
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“Hence, difficulty switching from the emotional aspect of negative information is related to a tendency to engage in rumination that is prevalent in GAD (e.g., McLaughlin & Nolen-Hoeksema, 2011; Ruscio et al., 2015).”
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Ruminative Thinking in Chronic Depression: Concept and Validity of Measures
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Hsu, K. J., Mullarkey, M., Dobias, M., Beevers, C. G., & Björgvinsson, T. (2022) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-022-10323-y · Cited by 7
“…repetitive negative thinking and experiential avoidance are both associated with greater concurrent symptom severity (e.g., Cribb et al., 2006; Spinhoven et al., 2014, 2015) and prospectively predicts depression and anxiety symptom severity (e.g., McLaughlin & Nolen-Hoeksema, 2011; Raes, 2012).”
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“…of regulatory control mediated by the PFC may be especially relevant when considering risk and protective factors for maladaptive behaviors, such as the attentional biases and rumination often associated with anxiety (Cisler & Koster, 2009; McLaughlin & Nolen-Hoeksema, 2011; McTeague et al., 2016).”
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“Second, co-rumi-nation contributes to maintenance of negative affect in individuals immediately following co-rumination discussions [27] and fosters the development of individual ruminative tendencies outside of the interactions [12, 25, 28], a transdiagnostic factor for anxiety and depression [29].”
BackgroundFarina, B., Benvenuti, S. M., Ardito, R. B., Genova, F., Dell’Acqua, C., Presti, A. L., Rossi, E. D., Carbone, G. A., Adenzato, M., & Imperatori, C. (2024) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2024.112995 · Cited by 8
Tulbure, B. T., Dudău, D. P., Marian, Ș., & Watkins, E. R. (2025) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.beth.2024.12.004 · Cited by 8
Bernard, D. L., & Galán, C. A. (2025) · Psychological Trauma Theory Research Practice and Policy · doi:10.1037/tra0002026 · Cited by 10
Dodd, A., Gilbert, K., & Gruber, J. (2019) · Cognition & Emotion · doi:10.1080/02699931.2019.1626700 · Cited by 8
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“Consistent with literature linking stress to greater brooding rumination [21, 26] and brooding rumination to increased mental health difficulties [16, 22], we expected brooding rumination to emerge as a significant indirect effect of the link between COVID-19-related stress and increased internalizing symptoms.”
Cognitive fusion accounts for the relation of anxiety sensitivity cognitive concerns and rumination
Anderberg, J. L., Baker, L. D., Kalantar, E. A., & Berghoff, C. R. (2023) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-023-04674-2 · Cited by 10
“…1991), is a transdiagnostic process implicated in the development and maintenance of depression, anxiety, substance misuse, insomnia, suicidality, and eating-related difficulties (Holdaway et al., 2018; McLaughlin & Nolen-Hoeksema, 2011; Nolen-Hoeksema et al., 2007; Watkins & Roberts, 2020).”
Appraisal, Coping, Psychological Distress, and Personal Growth: The Role of Rumination
Krys, S., & Reininger, K. M. (2023) · Trends in Psychology · doi:10.1007/s43076-023-00294-8 · Cited by 10
“In clinical psychology, rumination (i.e., repetitive negative thinking) has been identified as a transdiagnostic factor related to depression and anxiety (Ehring & Watkins, 2008; Harvey et al., 2004; McLaughlin & Nolen-Hoeksema, 2011; Nolen-Hoeksema et al., 2008; Watkins, 2008).”
Zhang, X.-L., Yan, W., Xu, C., Yang, A., Shen, Z.-H., & Guo, X. (2023) · Brain and Behavior · doi:10.1002/brb3.3248 · Cited by 8
“Conversely,dwellingonemo-tions is excessive rumination and may cause depression and anxiety (Garnefski et al., 2004; McLaughlin & Nolen-Hoeksema, 2011).”
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Rumination in dementia and its relationship with depression, anxiety, and attentional biases
Greenaway, A.-M., Hwang, F., Nasuto, S. J., & Ho, A. K. (2024) · Aging Neuropsychology and Cognition · doi:10.1080/13825585.2024.2327679 · Cited by 8
“…later, are in line with the test-retest reliabilities of responses obtained via postal response (Garnefski & Kraaij, 2007), in the presence of a researcher and via telephone (Brinker & Dozois, 2009), and face-to-face interview (McLaughlin & Nolen-Hoeksema, 2011) with cognitively healthy adults.”
InfluentialSalum, G. A., Instituto Nacionais de Ciência e Tecnologia de Psiquiatria do desenvolvimento para Crianças e Adolescentes, B., Gadelha, A., Polanczyk, G. V., Miguel, E. C., & Rohde, L. A. (2018) · Salud Mental · doi:10.17711/sm.0185-3325.2018.037 · Cited by 9
“…of polythetic operationalized diagnostic criteria to our current classificatory manuals dates back to the publication of the Feighner criteria (McLaughlin & Nolen-Hoeksema, 2011; Nolen-Hoeksema & Watkins, 2011), which formed the basis for the development of the Research Diagnostic Criteria,…”
BackgroundDo Materialistic Adolescents Ruminate More About Their Social Media Posts?
Hynes, K., Lannin, D. G., Kanter, J. B., Yazedjian, A., & Nauta, M. M. (2020) · Youth & society · doi:10.1177/0044118x20984172 · Cited by 4
“Toxic brooding may also account for the transdiagnosis (i.e., cooccurrence) of depression and anxiety in adolescents (McLaughlin & Nolen-Hoeksema, 2011).”
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Li, Z., Pulopulos, M. M., Allaert, J., Smet, S. D., Wandel, L. D., Kappen, M., Puttevils, L., Razza, L. B., Schoonjans, E., Vanhollebeke, G., et al. (2023) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/psyp.14448 · Cited by 10
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“Given the well-documented overlap between depression and anxiety (McLaughlin & Nolen-Hoeksema, 2011), a failure to account for the relative impact of depression upon the association between beliefs and anxiety and vice versa may have biased effect sizes.”
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Characterisation of psychological and neurocognitive processes accompanying functional seizures
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“Negative rumination is a trans-diagnostic factor implicated in anxiety and depression, the development and maintenance of pain, and emotion dysregulation [41,42].”
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Tamm, G., Koster, E. H. W., & Hoorelbeke, K. (2024) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-024-10546-1 · Cited by 7
“It is considered a transdiagnostic risk factor for depression and anxiety disorders (McLaughlin & Nolen-Hoeksema, 2011).”
Singh, S., Li, B., Gerhard, S., Nunes, A., & Becker, S. (2025) · Cognitive Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3758/s13415-025-01360-7 · Cited by 10
“As a transdiagnostic symptom of mood, anxiety, personality, sleep, and stress-related disorders (Baer et al., 2012; Cox et al., 2019; McLaughlin & Nolen-Hoeksema, 2011; Moulds & McEvoy, 2025; Ruscio et al., 2011; Spinhoven et al., 2015), rumination plays a substantial role in the onset and…”
Stuck on repeat: Why do we continue to ruminate?
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“Such a notion is consistent with existing literature which implicates high levels of brooding rumination as a transdiagnostic maintenance factor across many disorders [41], which may play a role regardless of cultural background [23].”
Kłosowska, J., Cieśla, A., Szymańska, D., Jankowska, A., & Prochwicz, K. (2024) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.09.040 · Cited by 7
A latent profile analysis of repetitive negative thinking: Distinguishing ruminators from worriers
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“…for depression and anxiety (i.e., are associated with increased risk for both depression and anxiety symptoms; McEvoy, Watson, Watkins, & Nathan, 2013; McLaughlin & Nolen-Hoeksema, 2011; Nolen-Hoeksema et al., 2008; Nolen-Hoeksema & Watkins, 2011; Olatunji, Naragon-Gainey, & Wolitzky-Taylor, 2013).”
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“From a slightly different perspective, it has also been shown that RNT accounts for the overlap between depression and anxiety, both at the symptom (McLaughlin & Nolen-Hoeksema, 2011) and at the diagnosis level (Drost et al., 2014).”
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“The role of rumination in depression and anxiety is well known (McLaughlin & Nolen-Hoeksema, 2011), and this rumination-distress association while controlling for perfectionistic concerns has been supported in numerous studies positing mediation (Di Schiena et al., 2012; Flett et al., 2011; Harris…”
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Overgeneral autobiographical memories and their relationship to rumination
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Advances in Theoretical, Developmental, and Cross-Cultural Perspectives of Psychopathology
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“Rumination is closely related to the development of anxiety and depression disorders (McLaughlin & Nolen-Hoeksema, 2011).”
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“The findings of this study are consistent with the high prevalence of ruminative thoughts observed in individuals with ADHD (e.g., [92]) and the detrimental impact of rumination on psychological well-being [93].”
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“Research indicates that cognitive and emotional mechanisms—such as attentional biases, maladaptive emotion regulation strategies (e.g., suppression), and negative self-schemas— may also contribute to depression [13, 31, 46].”
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Hauge, C. R., Bonde, P., Rasmussen, A., & Skovbjerg, S. (2012) · Trials · doi:10.1186/1745-6215-13-179 · Cited by 6
“Lastly, recent research suggests that rumination could be a transdiagnostic factor underlying several psychiatric conditions [35], and we will investigate whether it is also a possible mediator of a treatment effect for individuals with MCS.”
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“Ruminative thinking is a transdiagnostic risk factor for internalizing disorders (i.e., depression and anxiety disorders; McLaughlin & Nolen-Hoeksema, 2011; Michl, et al., 2013), and some theorize that trait rumination amplifies adversity’s effects (Young & Nolen-Hoeksema, 2001).”
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Treatment of Overthinking: A Multidisciplinary Approach to Rumination and Obsession Spectrum
Flaherty, A., Katz, D., Chosak, A., Henry, M. E., Trinh, N.-H., Waldinger, R. J., & Cohen, J. N. (2022) · The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry · doi:10.4088/jcp.21ct14543 · Cited by 5
Shao, X., Dong, Z., Zhang, S., Qiao, Y., Zhang, H., & Guo, H. (2025) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2025.1474108 · Cited by 5
“Rumination partially mediates the relationship between negative emotions and AjD (59); that is, the more severe the rumination, the more likely it is to produce AjD, which is consistent with prior studies (51).”
Orlovsky, I., Ready, R. E., Gutchess, A. H., Heideman, K., & Martins-Klein, B. (2023) · Experimental Aging Research · doi:10.1080/0361073x.2023.2254659 · Cited by 5
Li, W., He, Y., & Xiao, J. (2023) · International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction · doi:10.1007/s11469-023-01194-9 · Cited by 5
“Firstly, our findings confirmed and corroborated research suggesting a main effect of rumination on adolescents’ subthreshold depression (McLaughlin & Nolen-Hoeksema, 2011; Wesselhoeft et al., 2013).”
InfluentialSierra-Murguía, M. A., Guevara-Sanginés, M. L., Contreras, G. N., Peralta-Castillo, G. G., Padilla-Rico, A., González-Alcocer, L. D. C., & Blázquez, F. P. (2024) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph21060763 · Cited by 5
“This relationship has been reported previously in the literature [11,34].”
Ren, X., MANN, E. A., Wilhelm, R. A., Stewart, J. L., Kuplicki, R., Edwards, L. S., Guinjoan, S. M., Park, H., Aupperle, R. L., Victor, T. A., et al. (2024) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2024.09.151 · Cited by 5
Nucleus reuniens: Modulating emotional overgeneralization in peri-adolescents with anxiety
Núñez, M. V. R., McMakin, D. L., & Mattfeld, A. T. (2024) · Cognitive Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3758/s13415-024-01226-4 · Cited by 7
“Notably, this relationship may be mediated by rumination (Hallford & Mellor, 2017), an emotion regulation strategy involved in the development of anxiety (McLaughlin & Nolen-Hoeksema, 2011).”
Zou, H.-Y., Ma, X.-H., Li, X., & Zhang, W. (2025) · International Journal of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy · doi:10.1007/s41811-025-00252-5 · Cited by 8
Wolitzky-Taylor, K. B., Breland, H., Ross, J. M., & Sewart, A. R. (2021) · Behavior Modification · doi:10.1177/01454455211010701 · Cited by 5
“…et al. 917 with anxiety symptoms and disorders (Abbott & Rapee, 2004; Kocovski et al., 2005; Nolen-Hoeksema, 2000; Olatunji et al., 2013) and is thus a transdiagnostic construct relevant across emotional disorders (McLaughlin & Nolen-Hoeksema, 2011; Wolitzky-Taylor et al., in press).”
BackgroundChildhood ADHD and Executive Functioning: Unique Predictions of Early Adolescent Depression
Fenesy, M. C., & Lee, S. S. (2021) · Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology · doi:10.1007/s10802-021-00845-6 · Cited by 8
“Moreover, rumination (i.e., engaging in repetitive thinking patterns that amplify emotions) is central to the onset and maintenance of depression (McLaughlin & Nolen-Hoeksema, 2011); elevated rumination mediated the cross-sectional association between impaired EF (i.e., set shifting) and depressive…”
BackgroundWicks, J. J., Taylor, M. M., Fassett-Carman, A. N., Neilson, C., Peterson, E. C., Kaiser, R. H., & Snyder, H. R. (2022) · Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment · doi:10.1007/s10862-022-09975-7 · Cited by 9
“Consistent with past work (e.g., McEvoy et al., 2019; McLaughlin & Nolen-Hoeksema, 2011; Snyder et al., 2019), we found that maladaptive response styles, and in particular brooding and intolerance of uncertainty, were strongly transdiagnostically associated with internalizing symptoms.”
ResultRice, K., Larsen, S. A., Sharp, S., & Rock, A. J. (2022) · Australian Psychologist · doi:10.1080/00050067.2022.2125280 · Cited by 5
“…suggests variation in adaptive and maladaptive emotion regulation processes are predictive of the onset, severity, and maintenance of psychopathology (Ehring & Watkins, 2008; McLaughlin & Nolen-Hoeksema, 2011; Nolen-Hoeksema et al., 1994; Segerstrom et al., 2000; Spasojević and Alloy, 2001).”
BackgroundTransforming adversity into an ally: A qualitative study of “feeding your demons” meditation
Ekman, E., Koenig, C. J., Daubenmier, J. J., Dickson, K. G., Simmons, V., Braun, A. E., & Goldin, P. R. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.806500 · Cited by 5
“Negative rumination is a considered a transdiagnostic aspect of psychological distress, depression, and anxiety (McLaughlin and Nolen-Hoeksema, 2011).”
BackgroundHou, L., & Shi, W. (2023) · Research in Autism · doi:10.1016/j.rasd.2023.102106 · Cited by 5
Predicting anxiety and depression over 12 months of the COVID‐19 pandemic: A machine learning study
Bailey, B., & Strunk, D. R. (2023) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/jclp.23555 · Cited by 6
Gallagher, A., Washburn, D., Jacobson, J. A., & Harkness, K. L. (2023) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/jclp.23624 · Cited by 6
Symptom Detection with Text Message Log Distributions for Holistic Depression and Anxiety Screening
Tlachac, M., Heinz, M. V., Reisch, M., & Ogden, S. S. (2024) · Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive Mobile Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies · doi:10.1145/3643554 · Cited by 5
“Alternatively, negative rumination, associated with depression and anxiety, [50] could delay or prevent communication response, which would instead result in fewer consecutive messages and lower conversation ratios.”
BackgroundHepsomali, P., Costabile, A., Schoemaker, M. H., Imakulata, F., & Allen, P. (2024) · Nutritional Neuroscience · doi:10.1080/1028415x.2024.2355603 · Cited by 5
Jose, P. E. (2015) · Acta Psychopathologica · doi:10.4172/2469-6676.100010 · Cited by 5
Response style and severity and chronicity of depressive disorders in primary health care
Riihimäki, K., Vuorilehto, M. S., Jylhä, P. J., & Isometsä, E. T. (2016) · European Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.eurpsy.2015.12.002 · Cited by 6
“Response styles have been investigated mostly either in nondepressed populations [6,7,26,27], especially students [2,28,29], or in bereaved individuals [30,31], with only few longitudinal prospective studies [26,29].”
Background“Unknowing” in the 21st century: Humble detachment for Christians with repetitive negative thinking.
Knabb, J. J., Vazquez, V. E., Wang, K. T., & Bates, M. T. (2018) · Spirituality in Clinical Practice · doi:10.1037/scp0000165 · Cited by 5
“…has explored the relationship between rumination (repeatedly thinking about, and dwelling on, both unpleasant emotions and views of oneself in a passive manner; see McLaughlin & Nolen-Hoeksema, 2011) and anxiety, revealing that rumination is correlated with anxiety symptoms (Nolen-Hoeksema, 2000).”
BackgroundSighvatsson, M. B., Salkovskis, P. M., Sigurðsson, E., Valdimarsdottir, H. B., Þórsdóttir, F., & Sigurðsson, J. F. (2020) · Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jbtep.2020.101634 · Cited by 5
Neurophysiologic evidence for increased retrieval suppression among negative ruminators
Nair, A., Eyer, J. C., & Faust, M. E. (2020) · Brain and Behavior · doi:10.1002/brb3.1748 · Cited by 5
“…to be an important factor in depression and anxiety disorder (Notlen-Hoeksema, 2000), and evidence from large longitudinal studies of both adolescents and adults supports rumination as a transdiagnostic factor predicting the comorbidity of these mood disorders (McLaughlin & Nolen-Hoeksema, 2011).”
BackgroundHagen, A., Battista, S. R., Couture, M.-E., Pencer, A., & Stewart, S. (2020) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-020-10100-9 · Cited by 4
Schäfer, S. K., Fritz, J., Sopp, M. R., Kunzler, A. M., von Boros, L., Tüscher, O., Göritz, A. S., Lieb, K., & Michael, T. (2023) · doi:10.31219/osf.io/evkw5 · Cited by 5
Mediators during a Multimodal intervention for stress-induced exhaustion disorder
van de Leur, J. C., Johansson, F., McCracken, L. M., Åhs, F., Brodda Jansen, G., & Buhrman, M. (2024) · Cognitive Behaviour Therapy · doi:10.1080/16506073.2023.2295217 · Cited by 5
“Furthermore, pathological worry has been highlighted as a potentially important transdiagnostic variable for understanding the development and maintenance of psychopathology in general (McLaughlin & Nolen-Hoeksema, 2011).”
BackgroundWang, S., Lu, B., & Zhang, X. (2025) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1575612 · Cited by 4
Kocsel, N., Galambos, A., Szőke, J., & Kökönyei, G. (2023) · Biologia Futura · doi:10.1007/s42977-023-00190-3 · Cited by 4
“These results are surprising, as previous studies have shown reduced resting HRV in various forms of psychopathology (Chalmers et al. 2014; Faurholt-Jepsen et al. 2017) in both clinical and experimental studies (McLaughlin and Nolen-Hoeksema 2011; Johnson et al. 2014).”
Ferguson, E. G., Busch, A. M., Anderson, B. J., Abrantes, A. M., Pinkston, M. M., Baker, J. V., Stein, M. D., & Uebelacker, L. A. (2024) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.beth.2024.02.008 · Cited by 4
Shi, K., Feng, G., Ye, M., Bi, X., Cui, H., Chen, W., Gao, T., Qing, Z., & Ma, Y. (2025) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0331084 · Cited by 4
“Rumination can trigger negative emotions such as depression and anxiety [3,4].”
Esteller-Collado, G., Prieto-Vila, M., Carpallo-González, M., Antuña‐Camblor, C., Ruiz‐Rodríguez, P., González‐Blanch, C., Moriana, J. A., Vindel, A. C., & Muñoz‐Navarro, R. (2025) · Cognitive Behaviour Therapy · doi:10.1080/16506073.2025.2573199 · Cited by 4
Rashtbari, A., Taylor, D. L., Saed, O., & Malekizadeh, H. (2023) · Journal of Personality Assessment · doi:10.1080/00223891.2023.2169153 · Cited by 4
“This was an intentional development decision, though in order to truly transdiagnostically assess, future investigations may consider a combined version of the CAQs which could assess contrast avoidance associated with the full range of RNT.”
BackgroundInfluentialDo perfectionists show negative, repetitive thoughts facing uncertain situations?
Kummer, K., Mattes, A., & Stähl, J. (2023) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-023-04409-3 · Cited by 7
“…suggest that RNT is a transdiagnostic risk factors for the development and maintenance of multiple forms of psychopathology such as depression and anxiety disorders (McEvoy et al., 2019; McLaughlin & Nolen-Hoeksema, 2011; Spinhoven et al., 2018) and OCD (Arditte et al., 2016; Wahl et al., 2011).”
Rahgosha, P., Hadinezhad, P., & Hosseini, S. H. (2023) · Iranian Journal Of Health Sciences · doi:10.32598/ijhs.11.1.893.1 · Cited by 4
Cernik, R., Journault, A., Charbonneau, S., Sauvageau, C., Giguère, C., Raymond, C., & LUPIEN, S. J. (2024) · Anxiety Stress & Coping · doi:10.1080/10615806.2024.2388249 · Cited by 5
“Thus, similar to aspects of rumination that can lead to internalizing symptoms (e.g., not engaging in other distracting activities; McLaughlin & Nolen-Hoeksema, 2011), co-rumination behaviors (e.g., revisiting the problem) may exacerbate negative affect generated by a problem (Rose et al., 2007).”
정혜경, cho-hyun-ju, & 노승혜 (2017) · Korean Journal of Health Psychology · doi:10.17315/kjhp.2017.22.2.003 · Cited by 4
Metadata
- Authors
- McLaughlin, K. A., & Nolen-Hoeksema, S.
- Affiliations
- Harvard University (US)
- Corresponding author
- McLaughlin, Katie A.
- ORCID
- McLaughlin, Katie A.
- Venue
- Behaviour Research and Therapy
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2011-03
- Volume
- 49
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 186-193
- ISSN
- 0005-7967 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3042543
- OpenAlex
- W2005147092
- Cited by
- 842
- References
- 78
- Citations by year
- 2026: 83 · 2025: 68 · 2024: 64 · 2023: 96 · 2022: 72 · 2021: 75 · 2020: 61 · 2019: 53 · 2018: 53 · 2017: 39 · 2016: 37 · 2015: 43 · 2014: 41 · 2013: 26 · 2012: 23
- FWCI
- 23.03
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Behaviour Research and Therapy (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (K01MH092526)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Mental Health Research Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Identity, Memory, and Therapy
- Keywords
- rumination, transdiagnostic factors, depression, anxiety, comorbidities, mediation, adolescents, adults, prospective associations, transdiagnostic treatment
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Anxiety Disorders, Depressive Disorder, Female, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Surveys and Questionnaires, Risk Factors, Thinking
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