The DOI matches its Crossref record; 77 of the 78 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Rumination as a transdiagnostic factor in depression and anxiety
Open accessAbstract
The high rate of comorbidity among mental disorders has driven a search for factors associated with the development of multiple types of psychopathology, referred to as transdiagnostic factors. Rumination is involved in the etiology and maintenance of major depression, and recent evidence implicates rumination in the development of anxiety. The extent to which rumination is a transdiagnostic factor that accounts for the co-occurrence of symptoms of depression and anxiety, however, has not previously been examined. We investigated whether rumination explained the concurrent and prospective associations between symptoms of depression and anxiety in two longitudinal studies: one of adolescents (N=1065) and one of adults (N=1317). Rumination was a full mediator of the concurrent association between symptoms of depression and anxiety in adolescents (z=6.7, p< .001) and was a partial mediator of this association in adults (z=5.6, p< .001). In prospective analyses in the adolescent sample, baseline depressive symptoms predicted increases in anxiety, and rumination fully mediated this association (z=5.26, p< .001). In adults, baseline depression predicted increases in anxiety and baseline anxiety predicted increases in depression; rumination fully mediated both of these associations (z=2.35, p= .019 and z=5.10, p< .001, respectively). These findings highlight the importance of targeting rumination in transdiagnostic treatment approaches for emotional disorders.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“This may interrupt the feedback loop that amplifies anxiety and depression [30, 58–60].”
From Emotion Regulation as a Mechanism of Mindfulness in Individual Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Depression and Anxiety Disorders (2024) · cites this paper as [60]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“The first pathway to mitigating anxiety and depression symptoms involves reducing perseverative and avoidant emotion regulation strategies, such as rumination, avoidance, and suppression, which are known to maintain and exacerbate internalizing psychopathology [29, 58–62].”
From Emotion Regulation as a Mechanism of Mindfulness in Individual Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Depression and Anxiety Disorders (2024) · cites this paper as [60]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“The first pathway to mitigating anxiety and depression symptoms involves reducing perseverative and avoidant emotion regulation strategies, such as rumination, avoidance, and suppression, which are known to maintain and exacerbate internalizing psychopathology [29, 58–62].”
From Emotion Regulation as a Mechanism of Mindfulness in Individual Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Depression and Anxiety Disorders (2024) · cites this paper as [60]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“growing evidence suggests that anxiety and rumination are likely dynamically and reciprocally related (McLaughlin & Nolen-Hoeksema, 2011; Tamm et al., 2024) rather than strictly ordered.”
From Mindfulness and rumination: stress pathways for caregivers of persons living with dementia. (2026) · cites this paper as McLaughlin & Nolen-Hoeksema, 2011
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Repetitive negative thinking is a common process across anxiety disorders (McLaughlin & Nolen-Hoeksema, 2011).”
From Participant experiences of change in mindfulness-based stress reduction for anxiety disorders. (2020) · cites this paper as McLaughlin & Nolen-Hoeksema, 2011
In the citing paper
“Depression, for example, is characterized by biases towards negative information and rumination [81]”
From Ventromedial prefrontal–subcortical systems and the generation of affective meaning (2012) · cites this paper as [81]
In the citing paper
“there is evidence that certain elements of cognitive vulnerability (e.g., rumination, McLaughlin & Nolen-Hoeksema, 2011; and negative self-referential processing, Mennin & Fresco, 2013) may be transdiagnostic in nature.”
From A Latent Structure Analysis of Cognitive Vulnerability to Depression in Adolescence (2019) · cites this paper as McLaughlin & Nolen-Hoeksema, 2011
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Hamilton, M. (1960) · Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/jnnp.23.1.56 · Cited by 32,817 · cited 1×
“Interviewers also completed the 17-item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRSD; Hamilton, 1960) on each participant immediately after the interview.”
MethodAsymptotic Confidence Intervals for Indirect Effects in Structural Equation Models
Sobel, M. E. (1982) · Sociological Methodology · doi:10.2307/270723 · Cited by 12,810
Kessler, R. C., Chiu, W. T., Demler, O., & Walters, E. E. (2005) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.62.6.617 · Cited by 12,052
A comparison of methods to test mediation and other intervening variable effects
MacKinnon, D. P., Lockwood, C. M., Hoffman, J. M., West, S. G., & Sheets, V. (2002) · Psychological Methods · doi:10.1037/1082-989x.7.1.83 · Cited by 9,406
To parcel or not to parcel: Exploring the question, weighing the merits
Little, T. D., Cunningham, W. A., Shahar, G., & Widaman, K. F. (2002) · Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal · doi:10.1207/s15328007sem0902_1 · Cited by 6,552
Nolen-Hoeksema, S., Wisco, B. E., & Lyubomirsky, S. (2008) · Perspectives on Psychological Science · doi:10.1111/j.1745-6924.2008.00088.x · Cited by 5,172
Self-citationNegative affectivity: the disposition to experience aversive emotional states
Watson, D., & Clark, L. A. (1984) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.96.3.465 · Cited by 4,636
Prevalence and development of psychiatric disorders in childhood and adolescence
Costello, E. J., Mustillo, S., Erkanli, A., Keeler, G., & Angold, A. (2003) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.60.8.837 · Cited by 4,035 · cited 1×
“This result contrasts with findings from a large number of prospective studies documenting elevated risk for depression among adolescents with anxiety symptoms and disorders (Cole, Peeke, Martin, Truglio, & Seroczynski, 1998; Costello et al., 2003; Merikangas et al., 2003; Pine et al., 1998) and defies easy explanatio…”
ResultRumination reconsidered: a psychometric analysis.
Treynor, W., Gonzalez, R., & Nolen-Hoeksema, S. (2003) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1023/a:1023910315561 · Cited by 3,808
Self-citationNolen-Hoeksema, S., & Morrow, J. (1991) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.61.1.115 · Cited by 3,276
Self-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
1 of the 78 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 201–300 of 840
Ghazanfari, F., Rezaei, M., & Rezaei, F. (2017) · Archives of Psychiatric Nursing · doi:10.1016/j.apnu.2017.12.010 · Cited by 30
Pascoal, P. M., Raposo, C. F., & Roberto, M. S. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17217864 · Cited by 37
“Rumination is strongly associated with negative mental health outcomes such as depression and anxiety [12].”
BackgroundVally, Z., AlGhraibeh, A. M. A., & Elhai, J. D. (2021) · Human Behavior and Emerging Technologies · doi:10.1002/hbe2.259 · Cited by 33
Bettis, A. H., Forehand, R., McKee, L. G., Dunbar, J. P., Watson, K. H., & Compas, B. E. (2015) · Journal of Child and Family Studies · doi:10.1007/s10826-015-0270-z · Cited by 31
Puberty and transdiagnostic risks for mental health
Mendle, J., Beam, C. R., McKone, K. M. P., & Koch, M. K. (2020) · Journal of Research on Adolescence · doi:10.1111/jora.12552 · Cited by 34
Randomized Controlled Trial of a Mindfulness Mobile Application for Ruminative Adolescents
Hilt, L. M., Swords, C. M., & Webb, C. A. (2023) · Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology · doi:10.1080/15374416.2022.2158840 · Cited by 30
“Similarly, rumination concurrently and prospectively predicts anxiety symptoms in adolescents (e.g., McLaughlin & Nolen-Hoeksema, 2011; Muris et al., 2004).”
Exploring the Relationship Between Social Support and Sleep
KRAUSE, N. M., & Rainville, C. (2019) · Health Education & Behavior · doi:10.1177/1090198119871331 · Cited by 31
“Moreover, research reveals that people who are depressed encounter more difficulty controlling unwanted thoughts (i.e., they are more likely to ruminate—see McLaughlin & Nolen-Hoeksema, 2011).”
BackgroundA multi factorial model of self-harm behaviors in Anorexia-nervosa and Bulimia-nervosa
Sagiv, E., & Gvion, Y. (2019) · Comprehensive Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.comppsych.2019.152142 · Cited by 33
Schäfer, S. K., Sopp, M. R., Koch, M., Göritz, A. S., & Michael, T. (2022) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2022.07.004 · Cited by 28
“These results are accordant with previous research demonstrating that high levels of rumination represent a particularly important transdiagnostic risk factor for the onset of depression and anxiety symptoms in the context of stressful events (McLaughlin and Nolen-Hoeksema, 2011).”
Guo, T., Zhang, Z., Taylor, A., Hall, D. L., Yeung, A., Kramer, A. F., & Zou, L. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.957382 · Cited by 34
Emotion dysregulation in hypochondriasis and depression
Bailer, J., Witthöft, M., Erkic, M., & Mier, D. U. (2017) · Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy · doi:10.1002/cpp.2089 · Cited by 35
Acceptability and Preliminary Effects of a Mindfulness Mobile Application for Ruminative Adolescents
Hilt, L. M., & Swords, C. M. (2021) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.beth.2021.03.004 · Cited by 31
Gil, T. J. C., Obando, D., Garcia-Martin, M., & Sandoval-Reyes, J. G. (2023) · Emerging Adulthood · doi:10.1177/21676968231188759 · Cited by 42
Sex Differences in Internalizing Symptoms and Amygdala Functional Connectivity in Neurotypical Youth
Padgaonkar, N. T., Lawrence, K. E., Hernandez, L. M., Green, S. A., Galván, A., & Dapretto, M. (2020) · Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.dcn.2020.100797 · Cited by 29
“Nearly 1 in every 3 adolescents will receive a diagnosis of an anxiety disorder before adulthood (Merikangas et al., 2010), and college students are increasingly seeking mental health services due to anxiety (Center for Collegiate Mental Health, 2015).”
BackgroundZagaria, A., Ballesio, A., Vacca, M., & Lombardo, C. (2023) · International Journal of Cognitive Therapy · doi:10.1007/s41811-023-00162-4 · Cited by 28
“This was consistent with its conception as a content-independent and vulnerability feature associated with the onset and maintenance of a wide range of clinical conditions (Ehring et al., 2011; McLaughlin & Nolen-Hoeksema, 2011).”
BackgroundMindfulness and Emotional Distress: the Mediating Role of Psychological well-Being
Baroni, D., Nerini, A., Matera, C., & Stefanile, C. (2016) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-016-9524-1 · Cited by 32
Bernard, D. L., López, C. M., Banks, D. E., Hahn, A. M., & Danielson, C. K. (2023) · American Journal of Orthopsychiatry · doi:10.1037/ort0000679 · Cited by 32
Bernard, D. L., Halliday, C. A., Are, F. G., Banks, D. E., & Danielson, C. K. (2021) · Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities · doi:10.1007/s40615-021-01132-2 · Cited by 34
Adolescents’ sleep and adjustment: Reciprocal effects
Kelly, R. J., Zeringue, M. M., & El‐Sheikh, M. (2021) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/cdev.13703 · Cited by 29
Wang, L., & Miller, L. C. (2022) · JMIR Formative Research · doi:10.2196/37270 · Cited by 29
“Indeed, emerging literature provides evidence to support such claims [66,70,71], with McLaughlin and Nolen-Hoeksema [70] arguing for “the importance of targeting rumination in transdiagnostic treatment approaches for emotional disorders.””
ResultMcKinnon, A., Kuyken, W., Hayes, R. A., Werner‐Seidler, A., Watson, P., Dalgleish, T., & Schweizer, S. (2020) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2020.06.061 · Cited by 27
Zvolensky, M. J., Paulus, D. J., Bakhshaie, J., Garza, M. J., Valdivieso, J., Ochoa‐Perez, M., Reitzel, L. R., Viana, A. G., Lemaire, C. M., Bogiaizian, D., et al. (2018) · American Journal of Orthopsychiatry · doi:10.1037/ort0000307 · Cited by 28
“In such approaches, some of the strongest and most consistent evidence has been evident for two particular vulnerability factors—rumination (McLaughlin & Nolen-Hoeksema, 2011; Naragon-Gainey, 2010; Olatunji, Naragon-Gainey, & WolitzkyTaylor, 2013) and anxiety sensitivity (Naragon-Gainey, 2010;…”
The breadth and potency of transdiagnostic cognitive risks for psychopathology in youth.
Schweizer, T. H., Snyder, H. R., Young, J. F., & Hankin, B. L. (2020) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/ccp0000470 · Cited by 29
“…problems in youth (Leadbeater, Kuperminc, Blatt, & Hertzog, 1999), and social anxiety in adults (Cox, Fleet, & Stein, 2004); and rumination has prospectively predicted anxiety in youth and adults (McLaughlin & Nolen-Hoeksema, 2011), and aggression in youth (McLaughlin, Wisco, Aldao, & Hilt, 2014).”
BackgroundHoebeke, Y., Desmedt, O., Özçimen, B., & Heeren, A. (2021) · Comprehensive Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.comppsych.2021.152226 · Cited by 26
“Altogether, rumination thus appears as a plausible transdiagnostic feature of psychological disorders [30,34,35].”
Exploiting the plasticity of compassion to improve psychotherapy
Förster, K., & Kanske, P. (2021) · Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.cobeha.2021.01.010 · Cited by 27
“Self-compassionate individuals report less rumination [60] and self-criticism [59] which constitute maladaptive emotion-regulation strategies associated with an increased risk to develop psychopathology [61].”
BackgroundWebb, C. A., Swords, C. M., Murray, L., & Hilt, L. M. (2021) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-021-01719-0 · Cited by 27
“Similarly, studies have found that rumination concurrently and prospectively predicts anxiety symptoms in adolescents (e.g., McLaughlin & Nolen-Hoeksema, 2011; Muris et al., 2004).”
BackgroundContrast avoidance model of worry and generalized anxiety disorder: A theoretical perspective
Rashtbari, A., & Saed, O. (2020) · Cogent Psychology · doi:10.1080/23311908.2020.1800262 · Cited by 28
“…sensitivity and emotional intensity are high in individuals with GAD and due to these emotional factors, they may experience difficulty in experiencing emotional shifts especially shifts from positive/neutral states to negative one (Mennin, 2004; Newman & Llera, 2011; Rutter et al., 2019).”
BackgroundInfluentialTransdiagnostic Mechanisms and Treatment for Children and Adolescents
Chu, B. C., Temkin, A. B., & Toffey, K. (2016) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199935291.013.10 · Cited by 24
Participant experiences of change in mindfulness-based stress reduction for anxiety disorders.
Schanche, E., Vøllestad, J., Binder, P.-E., Hjeltnes, A., Dundas, I., & Nielsen, G. H. (2020) · International Journal of Qualitative Studies on Health and Well-Being · doi:10.1080/17482631.2020.1776094 · Cited by 24
“…attentional biases to threat (Craske et al., 2009), aversive self-focused attention (Ingram, 1990; Mor & Winquist, 2002), and a tendency to catastrophic interpretations and repetitive negative thinking in the form of worry or rumination (McEvoy et al., 2013; McLaughlin & Nolen-Hoeksema, 2011).”
BackgroundDemmin, D. L., Silverstein, S. M., & Shors, T. J. (2022) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2022.847301 · Cited by 24
“Rumination refers to a pattern of perseverative thinking generally focused on symptoms of distress and their possible causes and consequences and has been closely linked with poor mental health outcomes, especially depression (Nolen-Hoeksema, 1991; Nolen-Hoeksema and Morrow, 1991; Spasojević and Alloy, 2001; McLaughli…”
BackgroundHosie, J., Simpson, K., Dunne, A. L., & Daffern, M. (2022) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/jclp.23341 · Cited by 26
García‐Rubio, C., Herrero, M., Jarillo, T. L., Albert, J., & Rodríguez‐Carvajal, R. (2023) · Journal of School Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jsp.2023.04.001 · Cited by 33
Linz, R., Pauly, R., Smallwood, J., & Engert, V. (2019) · Psychological Research · doi:10.1007/s00426-019-01275-2 · Cited by 26
Muñoz‐Navarro, R., Medrano, L. A., González‐Blanch, C., Carpallo-González, M., Olave, L., Díez, I. I., Ruiz‐Rodríguez, P., Moriana, J. A., & Vindel, A. C. (2020) · European Journal of Psychological Assessment · doi:10.1027/1015-5759/a000584 · Cited by 24
Exploring potential mechanisms underpinning the therapeutic effects of surfing
Moreton, S. G., Brennan, M. K., Nicholls, V. I., Wolf, I. D., & Muir, D. L. (2021) · Journal of Adventure Education & Outdoor Learning · doi:10.1080/14729679.2021.1884104 · Cited by 28
“…changes, surfing in natural environments may have benefits for mental health through reducing rumination: a transdiagnostic mechanism implicated in the onset, development and maintenance of numerous mental health difficulties (Busch, Pössel, & Valentine, 2017; McLaughlin & Nolen-Hoeksema, 2011).”
BackgroundRumination Derails Reinforcement Learning With Possible Implications for Ineffective Behavior
Hitchcock, P., Forman, E. M., Rothstein, N. J., Zhang, F., Kounios, J., Niv, Y., & Sims, C. R. (2021) · Clinical Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/21677026211051324 · Cited by 25
“…nondepressed individuals (e.g., Abela et al., 2002) and later depression among already depressed individuals after controlling for baseline symptoms (e.g., Kuehner & Weber, 1999) and mediates the relationship between baseline depression and future anxiety (McLaughlin & Nolen-Hoeksema, 2011).”
BackgroundDesigning for the Bittersweet: Improving Sensitive Experiences with Recommender Systems
Lustig, C., Konrad, A., & Brubaker, J. R. (2022) · CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3491102.3502049 · Cited by 24
“, anxiety disorders, personality disorders), which are associated with rumination [47].”
BackgroundImmunocognitive Model of Depression Secondary to Anxiety in Adolescents
Moriarity, D. P., McArthur, B. A., Ellman, L. M., Coe, C. L., Abramson, L. Y., & Alloy, L. B. (2018) · Journal of Youth and Adolescence · doi:10.1007/s10964-018-0905-7 · Cited by 24
Iani, L., Quinto, R. M., Lauriola, M., Crosta, M. L., & Pozzi, G. (2019) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0225646 · Cited by 23
Does physical activity-based intervention decrease repetitive negative thinking? A systematic review
Wang, S., Lu, M., Dong, X., & Xu, Y. (2025) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0319806 · Cited by 28
Talarowska, M. E., & Gałecki, P. (2015) · Current Pharmaceutical Design · doi:10.2174/1381612822666151230110738 · Cited by 24
Cortical midline structures associated with rumination in women with PTSD
Philippi, C. L., Pessin, S., Reyna, L., Floyd, T., & Bruce, S. E. (2020) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2020.09.001 · Cited by 22
Stern, E. R., Eng, G. K., Nadai, A. S. D., Iosifescu, D. V., Tobe, R. H., & Collins, K. A. (2022) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41398-022-01780-w · Cited by 23
Isham, A., Elf, P., & Jackson, T. P. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1051478 · Cited by 25
Xu, J., Mo, L., & Wu, Z. (2013) · Community Mental Health Journal · doi:10.1007/s10597-012-9578-y · Cited by 23
“Some research has shown that the correlation between depression and anxiety was significant (Armour et al. 2012; McLaughlin and Nolen-Hoeksema 2011).”
BackgroundResultInfluentialHilt, L. M., Armstrong, J. M., & Essex, M. J. (2015) · Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology · doi:10.1080/15374416.2015.1070354 · Cited by 23
“Although less examined, several studies have found that rumination prospectively predicts anxiety (e.g., Schwartz & Koenig, 1996) and statistically explains the comorbidity between depressive and anxiety symptoms (e.g., McLaughlin & Nolen-Hoeksema, 2011).”
Johnson, J., O'Connor, D. B., Jones, C. A., Jackson, C., Hughes, G. J., & Ferguson, E. (2016) · European Journal of Personality · doi:10.1002/per.2080 · Cited by 25
Andreotti, E., Congard, A., Vigouroux, S. L., Dauvier, B., Illy, J., Poinsot, R., & Antoine, P. (2018) · Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy · doi:10.1891/0889-8391.32.2.127 · Cited by 23
“It would be interesting to determine whether this MBI could be a potential trans-diagnostic intervention, particularly within the frame of disorders linked to attentional and ruminative difficulties, such as affective disorders (Arditte et al., 2016; McLaughlin & Nolen-Hoeksema, 2011).”
BackgroundInvarianza factorial y temporal del Cuestionario de Regulación Emocional (ERQ)
Pineda, D., Valiente, R. M., Chorot, P., Piqueras, J. A., & Sandín, B. (2018) · Revista de Psicopatología y Psicología Clínica · doi:10.5944/rppc.vol.23.num.2.2018.21823 · Cited by 23
Cheng, Q., Shi, C., Yan, C., Ren, Z., Chan, S. H.-W., Xiong, S., Zhang, T., & Zheng, H. (2022) · Anxiety, Stress, & Coping · doi:10.1080/10615806.2021.1955864 · Cited by 24
“Rumination, a potential transdiagnostic process(Cuthbert & Insel, 2013; Ehring & Watkins, 2008; McLaughlin & Nolen-Hoeksema, 2011), involves repetitive and passive thinking on personal distressing symptoms and a self-reflection on the possible causes and consequences of those symptoms…”
BackgroundTsuchiyagaito, A., Sánchez, S. M., Misaki, M., Kuplicki, R., Park, H., Paulus, M. P., & Guinjoan, S. M. (2022) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291722002677 · Cited by 23
Rumination Across Internet Use Disorders (IUDs): a Systematic Review
Castro‐Calvo, J., Beltrán-Martínez, P., Flayelle, M., & Billieux, J. (2022) · Current Addiction Reports · doi:10.1007/s40429-022-00442-7 · Cited by 26
Kashdan, T. B., Young, K. C., & McKnight, P. E. (2012) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2012.07.004 · Cited by 22
Laposa, J. M., Collimore, K. C., & Rector, N. A. (2013) · Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy · doi:10.1017/s135246581300074x · Cited by 21
“The current data add to a growing body of literature exploring potential transdiagnostic features across clinical disorders (e.g. McLaughlin and Nolen-Hoeksema, 2011).”
BackgroundRetos de la investigación psicológica en salud mental
Tortella‐Feliu, M., Baños, R., Barrantes‐Vidal, N., Botella, C., Fernández‐Aranda, F., García‐Campayo, J., García‐Palacios, A., Hervás, G., Jiménez‐Múrcia, S., Montorio, I., et al. (2016) · Clínica y Salud · doi:10.1016/j.clysa.2016.02.001 · Cited by 22
Concreteness of idiographic worry and anticipatory processing
McGowan, S. K., Stevens, E. S., Behar, E., Judah, M. R., Mills, A. C., & Grant, D. M. (2016) · Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jbtep.2016.08.005 · Cited by 24
“…Alden, & Shortridge, 2003; Watkins, 2008), and may serve as a transdiagnostic factor that explains the high rates of comorbidity between anxiety and mood disorders (Ehring & Watkins, 2008; McEvoy, Mahoney, & Moulds, 2010; McEvoy, Watson, Watkins, & Nathan, 2013; McLaughlin & Nolen-Hoeksema, 2011).”
BackgroundRumination modulates stress and other psychological processes in fibromyalgia
Malin, K., & Littlejohn, G. O. (2015) · European Journal of Rheumatology · doi:10.5152/eurjrheum.2015.0005 · Cited by 22
Hives, B. A., Buckler, E. J., Weiss, J., Schilf, S., Johansen, K. L., Epel, E. S., & Puterman, E. M. (2020) · Annals of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1093/abm/kaaa031 · Cited by 28
Mindfulness as a transtheoretical clinical process
Dunn, R., Callahan, J. L., & Swift, J. K. (2013) · Psychotherapy · doi:10.1037/a0032153 · Cited by 21
Conner, C. M., Kim, P. S., White, S. W., & Mazefsky, C. A. (2022) · Research in Developmental Disabilities · doi:10.1016/j.ridd.2022.104332 · Cited by 22
The Role of Differentiation of Self in Predicting Rumination and Emotion Regulation Difficulties
Güler, Ç. Y., & Karaca, T. (2020) · Contemporary family therapy · doi:10.1007/s10591-020-09559-1 · Cited by 21
Pelaccia, T., Sibilia, J., Fels, É., Gauer, L., Musanda, A., Séverac, F., & Abbiati, M. (2021) · Internal and Emergency Medicine · doi:10.1007/s11739-020-02629-0 · Cited by 21
Wolitzky-Taylor, K. B., Sewart, A. R., Zinbarg, R. E., Mineka, S., & Craske, M. G. (2021) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2021.106915 · Cited by 21
Kandeğer, A., Ünal, Ş. O., Ergün, M. T., & Ataşlar, E. Y. (2023) · Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy · doi:10.1002/cpp.2940 · Cited by 21
Zemestani, M., Imani, M., & Ottaviani, C. (2017) · International Journal of Cognitive Therapy · doi:10.1521/ijct.2017.10.2.175 · Cited by 21
Oppo, A., Schweiger, M., Ristallo, A., Presti, G., Pergolizzi, F., & Moderato, P. (2019) · Journal of Child and Family Studies · doi:10.1007/s10826-019-01539-w · Cited by 20
Episodic repetitive thought: dimensions, correlates, and consequences
Segerstrom, S. C., Stanton, A. L., Flynn, S. M., Roach, A. R., Testa, J. J., & Hardy, J. K. (2011) · Anxiety Stress & Coping · doi:10.1080/10615806.2011.608126 · Cited by 20
“For example, worry is a cardinal symptom of generalized anxiety disorder; intrusive thoughts are characteristic of post-traumatic stress disorder; and ruminative thought has been suggested as a transdiagnostic factor for depression and anxiety (American Psychiatric Association, 1994 ; McLaughlin & Nolen-Hoeksema, 2011…”
BackgroundFeelings of shame and guilt are associated with distinct neural activation in youth
Bastin, C., Rakesh, D., Harrison, B. J., Davey, C. G., Allen, N. B., Muller, S., & Whittle, S. (2021) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2021.108025 · Cited by 23
Umegaki, Y., Nakagawa, A., Watkins, E. R., & Mullan, E. (2021) · Cognitive and Behavioral Practice · doi:10.1016/j.cbpra.2021.01.003 · Cited by 20
Cannabis use among early adolescents and transdiagnostic mental health risk factors
Moreno-Mansilla, S., Ricarte, J. J., & Hallford, D. J. (2021) · Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/1359104521994637 · Cited by 24
“Rumination, defined as the tendency to repeatedly focus on symptoms of discomfort and their causes/consequences (Nolen-Hoeksema & Watkins, 2011), is considered a transdiagnostic factor underlying different mental disorders (McLaughlin & Nolen-Hoeksema, 2011).”
BackgroundBrooding and neuroticism are strongly interrelated manifestations of the phenome of depression
Vasupanrajit, A., Jirakran, K., Tunvirachaisakul, C., & Maes, M. H. J. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1249839 · Cited by 20
“Ruminating is a complete and partial mediator between depression and anxiety in adolescents and adults, respectively, and may increase the risk of comorbidity between these affective disorders (58).”
BackgroundRepetitive Negative Thought and Executive Dysfunction: An Interactive Pathway to Emotional Distress
Madian, N., Bredemeier, K., Heller, W., Miller, G. A., & Warren, S. L. (2018) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-018-9966-x · Cited by 24
A Network Approach to Understanding the Emotion Regulation Benefits of Aerobic Exercise
Bernstein, E. E., Heeren, A., & McNally, R. J. (2019) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-019-10039-6 · Cited by 25
“Furthermore, rumination is also not unique to clinical populations and is a general risk factor for emotional disorders (McLaughlin and Nolen-Hoeksema 2011); thus, examining this problematic response style at varying levels of severity is worthwhile.”
BackgroundLi, Y., & Tang, C. (2024) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1447207 · Cited by 21
Affective and temporal orientation of thoughts: Electrophysiological evidence
Ito, Y., Shibata, M., Tanaka, Y., Terasawa, Y., & Umeda, S. (2019) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2019.05.041 · Cited by 19
Neuroticism as an underlying construct in youth emotional disorders
Tonarely, N. A., Sherman, J. A., Grossman, R. A., Shaw, A. M., & Ehrenreich, J. T. (2020) · Bulletin of the Menninger Clinic · doi:10.1521/bumc.2020.84.3.214 · Cited by 21
Lu, Y., Jin, X., Feng, L.-W., Tang, C., Neo, H. L. M., & Ho, R. (2022) · World Journal of Clinical Cases · doi:10.12998/wjcc.v10.i34.12515 · Cited by 19
McKenney, E. E., Brunwasser, S. M., Richards, J. K., Day, T. C., Kofner, B., McDonald, R. G., Williams, Z. J., Gillespie‐Lynch, K., Kang, E., Lerner, M. D., et al. (2023) · Autism in Adulthood · doi:10.1089/aut.2022.0078 · Cited by 19
Westhoff, M., Berg, M., Reif, A., Rief, W., & Hofmann, S. G. (2024) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-024-10487-9 · Cited by 28
“Networks, being transdiagnostic in nature, can map out symptom combinations and pathological processes (like rumination or anhedonia: McLaughlin & Nolen-Hoeksema, 2011; Mendoza et al., 2022; Rutherford et al., 2023).”
Latsko, M. S., Gilman, T. L., Matt, L. M., Nylocks, K. M., Coifman, K. G., & Jasnow, A. M. (2016) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0162585 · Cited by 20
Vrshek‐Schallhorn, S., Velkoff, E. A., & Zinbarg, R. E. (2018) · Cognition & Emotion · doi:10.1080/02699931.2018.1459486 · Cited by 19
“…a form of perseverative cognition, is considered a transdiagnostic risk factor for internalising disorders (i.e. depression and anxiety disorders; McLaughlin & Nolen-Hoeksema, 2011; Michl, McLaughlin, Shepherd, & Nolen-Hoeksema, 2013), and some theorise that trait rumination, “could provide a…”
BackgroundNtumi, S., Upoalkpajor, J.-L. N., & Nimo, D. G. (2025) · BMC Psychology · doi:10.1186/s40359-025-03256-0 · Cited by 35
“For instance, studies by [38] have shown that societal attitudes and cultural norms around mental health influence whether individuals will seek professional help, with those in more collectivist cultures often more hesitant due to stigma.”
Grol, M., & Raedt, R. D. (2021) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2021.103891 · Cited by 22
Cardoso, C., & Fonseca, A. (2022) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-021-02435-7 · Cited by 18
“In addition, as emotional regulation difficulties can be hypothesized as a transdiagnostic mechanism (McLaughlin & Nolen-Hoeksema, 2011), intervention protocols using a transdiagnostic approach may be an adequate approach for women at risk for PPD and/or presenting clinically relevant postpartum…”
BackgroundAlawadhi, Y. T., Smith, M. R., & King, K. M. (2022) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/jclp.23458 · Cited by 20
Malivoire, B. L., Hare, C. J., & Hart, T. L. (2018) · Rehabilitation Psychology · doi:10.1037/rep0000180 · Cited by 18
Price, R. B., Cummings, L. R., Gilchrist, D., Graur, S., Banihashemi, L., Kuo, S. S., & Siegle, G. J. (2018) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/ccp0000309 · Cited by 18
Andersen, B., & Rasmussen, P. H. (2017) · Journal of Compassionate Health Care · doi:10.1186/s40639-017-0043-1 · Cited by 18
The temporal association between emotional clarity and depression symptoms in adolescents
Blöte, A. W., & Westenberg, P. M. (2019) · Journal of Adolescence · doi:10.1016/j.adolescence.2019.01.005 · Cited by 17
Khoo, S. S., & Yang, H. (2021) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2021.106757 · Cited by 18
Aversive well‐being comparisons in dysphoria and the role of brooding rumination
Schlechter, P., & Nexhmedin Morina, B. (2023) · British Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1111/bjc.12418 · Cited by 14
Roush, J. F., Mitchell, S. M., Brown, S. L., & Cukrowicz, K. C. (2018) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2018.04.026 · Cited by 17
Emotion Regulation Among Adolescents With Pediatric Depression As a Function of Anxiety Comorbidity
Dochnal, R., Vetró, Á., Kiss, E., Baji, I., Lefkovics, E., Bylsma, L. M., Yaroslavsky, I., Rottenberg, J. A., Kovács, M., & Kapornai, K. (2019) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00722 · Cited by 18
“Our results are in line with findings from previous studies that showed more frequent use of maladaptive ER strategies in youths with comorbid depression and anxiety symptoms (11, 15, 36, 37, 47).”
ResultAttentional Disengagement Deficits Predict Brooding, but Not Reflection, Over a One-Year Period
Allard, E. S., & Yaroslavsky, I. (2019) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02282 · Cited by 17
Vine, V., Byrd, A. L., Mohr, H., Scott, L. N., Beeney, J. E., & Stepp, S. D. (2020) · Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology · doi:10.1007/s10802-020-00684-x · Cited by 17
“…conceptualizations and to the general psychopathology factor (Castellanos-Ryan et al., 2016; Kring & Sloan, 2004; Martel et al., 2017; McLaughlin & Nolen-Hoeksema, 2011; Sharp et al., 2015; Snyder et al., 2015; Weissman et al., 2019), it makes sense to select on emotion dysregulation…”
BackgroundHamilton, K., Wershler, J. L., Macrodimitris, S. D., Backs-Dermott, B. J., Ching, L. E., & Mothersill, K. J. (2012) · Cognitive and Behavioral Practice · doi:10.1016/j.cbpra.2011.12.002 · Cited by 18
Morgan, J. R., Price, M., Schmertz, S. K., Johnson, S. B., Masuda, A., Calamaras, M. R., & Anderson, P. L. (2013) · Anxiety Stress & Coping · doi:10.1080/10615806.2013.839988 · Cited by 17
“Such an approach has been used to assess longitudinal mediation in prior work (McLaughlin & Nolen-Hoeksema, 2011).”
MethodNeural Correlates of Trait Rumination During an Emotion Interference Task in Women With PTSD
Buchholz, K. R., Bruce, S. E., Koucky, E. M., Artime, T. M., Wojtalik, J. A., Brown, W. J., & Sheline, Y. I. (2016) · Journal of Traumatic Stress · doi:10.1002/jts.22112 · Cited by 17
“…has suggested that it is a transdiagnostic factor (a mechanism that is associated with multiple mental health disorders) that spans mood, anxiety, and trauma-related disorders (Birrer & Michael, 2011; McLaughlin & Nolen-Hoeksema, 2011) possibly underlying comorbidities between these diagnoses.”
BackgroundPapa, A., Boland, M., & Sewell, M. T. (2012) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781118470886.ch11 · Cited by 18
Is rumination associated with psychological distress after a cancer diagnosis? A systematic review
Beck, S., Whitaker, K. L., & Cropley, M. (2023) · Journal of Psychosocial Oncology · doi:10.1080/07347332.2022.2145925 · Cited by 16
Metadata
- Authors
- McLaughlin, K. A., & Nolen-Hoeksema, S.
- Affiliations
- Harvard University (US)
- Corresponding author
- McLaughlin, Katie A.
- ORCID
- McLaughlin, Katie A.
- Venue
- Behaviour Research and Therapy
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2011-03
- Volume
- 49
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 186-193
- ISSN
- 0005-7967 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3042543
- OpenAlex
- W2005147092
- Cited by
- 842
- References
- 78
- Citations by year
- 2026: 83 · 2025: 68 · 2024: 64 · 2023: 96 · 2022: 72 · 2021: 75 · 2020: 61 · 2019: 53 · 2018: 53 · 2017: 39 · 2016: 37 · 2015: 43 · 2014: 41 · 2013: 26 · 2012: 23
- FWCI
- 23.03
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Behaviour Research and Therapy (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (K01MH092526)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Mental Health Research Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Identity, Memory, and Therapy
- Keywords
- rumination, transdiagnostic factors, depression, anxiety, comorbidities, mediation, adolescents, adults, prospective associations, transdiagnostic treatment
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Anxiety Disorders, Depressive Disorder, Female, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Surveys and Questionnaires, Risk Factors, Thinking
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
