Cited by 162Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive ProcessesMemory and Neural MechanismsVirtual Reality Applications and Impacts

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Effect of multiple context exposure on renewal in spider phobia

Shiban, Youssef, Pauli, Paul, Mühlberger, Andreas·2013·Behaviour Research and Therapy

DOI 10.1016/j.brat.2012.10.007

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Abstract

Background Renewal of fear is one form of relapse that occurs after successful exposure therapy as a result of an encounter with a feared object in a context different from the exposure context. The current study is the first to examine whether virtual reality (VR) exposure conducted in multiple contexts reduces the likelihood of renewal.Method Thirty spider-phobic patients were randomly allocated to one of two groups that were exposed to a virtual spider four times either in a single context or in multiple contexts. All participants completed a renewal test in a novel virtual context, and an in-vivo behavior avoidance test with a real spider before and after exposure.Results As reflected in the ratings, skin conductance level, and behavioral measures, the fear of spiders decreased significantly in both groups within and between the exposure trials and from pre to post exposure. Importantly, extinction in multiple contexts was able to significantly reduce renewal compared to extinction in a single context.Conclusions Based on highly controlled context manipulations using VR, this study was able to successfully transfer animal work to phobic patients. These findings strongly suggest that exposure in multiple contexts improves the generalizability of exposure to a new context. Consequently, we recommend the application of multiple context exposures in a clinical setting to reduce the likelihood of renewal. In addition, virtual reality was demonstrated to be a helpful tool for inducing contextual shifts during the exposures.

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Authors: Shiban, Y., Pauli, P., & Mühlberger, A.
Affiliations: University of Würzburg (DE)
Corresponding author: Mühlberger, Andreas
ORCID: Shiban, Youssef
Pauli, Paul
Mühlberger, Andreas
Venue: Behaviour Research and Therapy
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2013-02
Volume: 51
Issue: 2
Pages: 68-74
ISSN: 0005-7967 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2012.10.007
OpenAlex: W1997352122
Cited by: 162
References: 32
Citations by year: 2025: 6 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 22 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 20 · 2018: 19 · 2017: 15 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 17 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 6
FWCI: 12.86
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Behaviour Research and Therapy (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Human-Computer Interaction › Virtual Reality Applications and Impacts
Keywords: spider phobia, fear extinction, renewal, virtual reality exposure therapy, skin conductance, avoidance behavior, phobia treatment
MeSH terms: Adolescent, Adult, Analysis of Variance, Animals, Fear, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Phobic Disorders, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Spiders, Young Adult, Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy

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Effect of multiple context exposure on renewal in spider phobia

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