Effects of mindfulness and psychoeducation on working memory in adult ADHD: A randomised, controlled fMRI study
Abstract
Adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a serious mental disorder associated with impaired neurocognitive performance related to working memory function. Recent clinical trials have suggested that mindfulness is a promising intervention in adults with ADHD. We performed a randomised controlled clinical trial to investigate working memory (WM) with an n-back task in adults with ADHD during fMRI before and after an 8-week mindfulness intervention (MAP) compared with psychoeducation (PE). ADHD symptoms were assessed using the self- and observer-rated Conners Adult ADHD Rating Scales (CAARS). The complete pre-post data of 21 MAP and 19 PE participants were analysed. We found no group difference in ADHD symptoms or task performance at the pre-measurement, but there was a significant decrease in ADHD symptoms and significant improvement in task performance in both groups at the post-measurement. Furthermore, we found a significant increase in task-related activation in the right parietal lobe, with no difference between groups. Exploratory two-sample paired t-tests revealed significant increased brain activation after MAP in the bilateral inferior parietal lobule, right posterior insula and right precuneus. A decrease in self-rated 'Inattention/Memory Problems' after MAP compared to baseline was associated with stronger activation in parts of the left putamen, globus pallidus and thalamus.
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Mindfulness intervention can considerably improve attention in adults with ADHD, with additional improvements in executive functioning, working memory and anxiety and depressive emotions.
“Mindfulness intervention can considerably improve attention in adults with ADHD,60–63 with additional improvements in executive functioning,63 working memory60 and anxiety and depressive emotions.61”
From Biological mechanism study of meditation and its application in mental disorders (2020) · cites this paper as [60]
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- Authors
- Bachmann, K., Lam, A. P., Sörös, P., Kanat, M., Hoxhaj, E., Matthies, S., Feige, B., Müller, H., Özyurt, J., Thiel, C. M., & Philipsen, A.
- Affiliations
- Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg (DE)
- University of Freiburg (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Bachmann, Katharina
- ORCID
- Venue
- Behaviour Research and Therapy
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2018-07
- Volume
- 106
- Pages
- 47-56
- ISSN
- 0005-7967 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2802847302
- Cited by
- 73
- References
- 48
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 6
- FWCI
- 4.90
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Behaviour Research and Therapy (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (01GV0606)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Mindfulness and Compassion Interventions
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Cognitive Abilities and Testing
- Keywords
- adult ADHD, mindfulness-based interventions, psychoeducation, working memory, n-back task, brain activation, right parietal lobe, inferior parietal lobule, posterior insula, precuneus, putamen, globus pallidus, thalamus, inattention, memory impairment
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Brain, Female, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Memory, Short-Term, Middle Aged, Neuropsychological Tests, Patient Education as Topic, Functional Neuroimaging, Mindfulness
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