Functional imaging changes in the medial prefrontal cortex in adult ADHD
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Functional imaging studies have found reduced frontal activity, mainly in dorso/ventro-lateral regions and reduced task-related de-activation of the default mode network in childhood ADHD. Adult studies are fewer and inconclusive. We aimed to investigate the potential neural bases of executive function in ADHD adults, examining brain activity during N-back task performance, and to explore the potential corrective effects of long-term methylphenidate treatment. METHOD: We recruited a large adult ADHD-combined sample and a matched control group and obtained functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) images during task. ADHD participants were subdivided in a group under long-term treatment with methylphenidate (washed out for the scan) and a treatment-naive group. RESULTS: ADHD participants showed deficient de-activation of the medial prefrontal cortex during 2-back task, implying default mode network dysfunction. We found no relationship between blunted de-activation and treatment history. CONCLUSION: As de-activation failure in the medial frontal cortex is linked to lapses of attention, findings suggest a potential link to ADHD symptomatology.
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Poor deactivation of the DMN during cognitive tasks is a typical feature of ADHD and may contribute to poor task performance and enhanced distractibility.
“These findings of enhanced activation of DMN regions confirm recent evidence that poor deactivation of the DMN during cognitive tasks is a typical feature of ADHD and may contribute to poor task performance and enhanced distractibility (Fassbender et al., 2009; Christakou et al., 2013; Salavert et al., 2015).”
From Cognitive Neuroscience of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Its Clinical Translation (2018) · cites this paper as Salavert et al., 2015
In parametric fMRI task designs, ADHD children and adults, unlike controls, do not progressively deactivate anterior (vmPFC) and/or posterior default mode regions (PPC) with increasing WM or attention load.
“Thus, in parametric fMRI task designs, ADHD children and adults, unlike controls, do not progressively deactivate anterior (ventromedial prefrontal cortex, vmPFC) and/or posterior default mode regions (PPC) with increasing WM or attention load, respectively (Fassbender et al., 2009; Christakou et al., 2013; Salavert et al., 2015).”
From Cognitive Neuroscience of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Its Clinical Translation (2018) · cites this paper as Salavert et al., 2015
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“De-activation changes have also been replicated in children with ADHD, with findings of a reduced task-related de-activation of the DMN, particularly in MPFC (Fassbender et al., 2011; Fassbender et al., 2009; Liddle et al., 2011; Peterson et al., 2009).”
BackgroundSilk, T. J., Vance, A. L. A., Rinehart, N., Bradshaw, J. L., & Cunnington, R. (2008) · Brain Imaging and Behavior · doi:10.1007/s11682-008-9021-8 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
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Relationship of DAT1 and adult ADHD to task-positive and task-negative working memory networks
Brown, A. B., Biederman, J., Valera, E., Makris, N., Doyle, A., Whitfield-Gabrieli, S., Mick, E., Spencer, T., Faraone, S., & Seidman, L. (2011) · Psychiatry Research Neuroimaging · doi:10.1016/j.pscychresns.2011.01.006 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Brain activation deficit in increased-load working memory tasks among adults with ADHD using fMRI
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Disturbed brain activation during a working memory task in drug-naive adult patients with ADHD
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Ramos-Quiroga, J., Bosch, R., Richarte, V., Valero, S., Gómez-Barros, N., Nogueira, M., Palomar, G., Corrales, M., Sáez-Francàs, N., Corominas, M., et al. (2012) · Revista de Psiquiatría y Salud Mental · doi:10.1016/j.rpsm.2012.05.004 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
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Characteristics of adults with attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder and past conduct disorder
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What Can We Learn from Structural and Functional Brain Imaging?
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Rubia, K. (2018) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2018.00100 · Cited by 384 · see citing works
Rubia, K., Criaud, M., Wulff, M., Alegria, A., Brinson, H., Barker, G., Stahl, D., & Giampietro, V. (2019) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.11.055 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
Bachmann, K., Lam, A. P., Sörös, P., Kanat, M., Hoxhaj, E., Matthies, S., Feige, B., Müller, H., Özyurt, J., Thiel, C. M., et al. (2018) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2018.05.002 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Albaugh, M. D., Orr, C., Chaarani, B., Althoff, R. R., Allgaier, N., D’Alberto, N., Hudson, K., Mackey, S., Spechler, P. A., Banaschewski, T., et al. (2017) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2017.01.003 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
- Authors
- Salavert, J., Ramos-Quiroga, J. A., Moreno-Alcázar, A., Caseras, X., Palomar, G., Radua, J., Bosch, R., Salvador, R., McKenna, P. J., Casas, M., & Pomarol-Clotet, E.
- Affiliations
- FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain
- Cardiff University (GB)
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (ES)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (ES)
- Venue
- Journal of Attention Disorders
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2015-10-29
- Volume
- 22
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 679-693
- ISSN
- 1087-0547 (ISSN-L)
- 1557-1246
- OpenAlex
- W2339601202
- Cited by
- 39
- References
- 105
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 1
- FWCI
- 3.52
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Attention Disorders (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- ORCA Online Research @Cardiff (Cardiff University) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III (CM11/00024, CP10/00596, PI11/01766)
- Catalonian Government (2009SGR211)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Keywords
- adult ADHD, medial prefrontal cortex, default mode network, neural deactivation, executive function, n-back task, attention deficits, brain activity
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Central Nervous System Stimulants, Attention, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Brain Diseases, Brain Mapping, Evoked Potentials, Female, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Methylphenidate, Task Performance and Analysis, Prefrontal Cortex, Executive Function
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