A systematic review of interventions to support adults with ADHD at work—Implications from the paucity of context-specific research for theory and practice
Open accessAbstract
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is estimated to affect 3.5% of the global workforce. Despite the high prevalence rate, little is known about how best to support adults with ADHD (ADHDers) at work. Relevant research is dispersed across different disciplines such as medicine, health studies and psychology. Therefore, it is important to synthesize interventions aimed at ADHDers to examine what learning can be gleaned for effective workplace support. We conducted a systematic review of relevant interventions framed by realist evaluation and the Context-Intervention-Mechanism-Outcome classification to identify key mechanisms of effectiveness for workplace interventions. We searched 10 databases including a range of journals from medical science to business management applying predetermined inclusion criteria and quality appraisal through a risk of bias assessment for quantitative and qualitative methods. We synthesized 143 studies with realist evaluation. Most studies evaluated the effectiveness of pharmacological interventions highlighting the dominance of the medical approach to supporting ADHDers. Key mechanisms of effectiveness were identified from psychosocial interventions including group therapy, involvement of people in the ADHDers network, and the importance of the client-patient relationship. Overall, there is limited research that examines the effectiveness of workplace interventions for ADHDers. Furthermore, much of the existing research evaluates pharmacological interventions which is difficult to transfer to the workplace context. It is recommended that future research and practice consider the key mechanisms identified in this review when designing interventions as well as barriers to accessing support such as disclosure and self-awareness.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
ADHD symptoms such as impulsivity, procrastination, and difficulty meeting deadlines contribute to diminished productivity, increased job instability, and higher risk of unemployment in adults.
“Symptoms such as impulsivity, procrastination, and difficulty meeting deadlines contribute to diminished productivity, increased job instability, and a higher risk of unemployment.”
From ADHD in Adulthood: Clinical Presentation, Comorbidities, and Treatment Perspectives (2025) · cites this paper as [11]
The Introduction identifies impulsivity as an ADHD symptom and says adults with ADHD are likely to report problems with work performance, job retention, and under- or unemployment. It does not specifically identify procrastination or missed deadlines as causes of those outcomes, and its wording is more cautious than the citing sentence’s causal claim. (LLM, conf=0.86)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
The PRISMA 2020 statement: An updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews
Page, M. J., McKenzie, J. E., Bossuyt, P. M., Boutron, I., Hoffmann, T. C., Mulrow, C. D., Shamseer, L., Tetzlaff, J. M., Akl, E. A., Brennan, S. E., et al. (2021) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.n71 · Cited by 108,283 · see citing works
Tong, A., Sainsbury, P., & Craig, J. (2007) · International Journal for Quality in Health Care · doi:10.1093/intqhc/mzm042 · Cited by 42,509 · see citing works
The Cochrane Collaboration's tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials
Higgins, J. P. T., Altman, D. G., Gotzsche, P. C., Juni, P., Moher, D., Oxman, A. D., Savovic, J., Schulz, K. F., Weeks, L., Sterne, J. A. C., et al. (2011) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.d5928 · Cited by 33,817 · see citing works
Dermyshi, E., Wang, Y., Yan, C., Hong, W., Qiu, G., Gong, X., & Zhang, T. (2017) · Neonatology · doi:10.1159/000454668 · Cited by 24,577 · see citing works
Interrater reliability: The kappa statistic
McHugh, M. L. (2012) · Biochemia Medica · doi:10.11613/bm.2012.031 · Cited by 19,877 · see citing works
(2014) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 17,633 · see citing works
Content Analysis: An Introduction to Its Methodology
Krippendorff, K. (2019) · doi:10.4135/9781071878781 · Cited by 15,448 · see citing works
The worldwide prevalence of ADHD: a systematic review and metaregression analysis
Polanczyk, G., de Lima, M. S., Horta, B. L., Biederman, J., & Rohde, L. A. (2007) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.2007.164.6.942 · Cited by 5,346 · see citing works
Willcutt, E. G., Doyle, A. E., Nigg, J. T., Faraone, S. V., & Pennington, B. F. (2005) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2005.02.006 · Cited by 3,568 · see citing works
How does communication heal? Pathways linking clinician–patient communication to health outcomes
Street, R. L., Makoul, G. T., Arora, N. K., & Epstein, R. M. (2009) · Patient Education and Counseling · doi:10.1016/j.pec.2008.11.015 · Cited by 2,540 · see citing works
The PICO strategy for the research question construction and evidence search
Santos, C. M. D. C., Pimenta, C. A. D. M., & Nobre, M. R. C. (2007) · Revista Latino-Americana de Enfermagem · doi:10.1590/s0104-11692007000300023 · Cited by 2,342 · see citing works
The Science of Evaluation: A Realist Manifesto
Pawson, R. (2013) · doi:10.4135/9781473913820 · Cited by 1,271 · see citing works
Developing design propositions through research synthesis
Denyer, D., Tranfield, D., & van Aken, J. E. (2008) · Organization Studies · doi:10.1177/0170840607088020 · Cited by 1,057 · see citing works
Kooij, S. J., Bejerot, S., Blackwell, A., Caci, H., Casas-Brugué, M., Carpentier, P. J., Edvinsson, D., Fayyad, J., Foeken, K., Fitzgerald, M., et al. (2010) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/1471-244x-10-67 · Cited by 928 · cited 2× · see citing works
“diagnostic purpose, and (2) they are not currently recommended for supporting adult ADHD (Kooij et al., 2010; National Institute for Health Care Excellence, 2019).”
BackgroundWhat’s in a mechanism? Development of a key concept in realist evaluation
Dalkin, S. M., Greenhalgh, J., Jones, D., Cunningham, B., & Lhussier, M. (2015) · Implementation Science · doi:10.1186/s13012-015-0237-x · Cited by 896 · see citing works
Unpacking black boxes: mechanisms and theory building in evaluation
Astbury, B., & Leeuw, F. L. (2010) · American Journal of Evaluation · doi:10.1177/1098214010371972 · Cited by 850 · see citing works
Comorbidity in ADHD: implications for research, practice, and DSM-V.
Jensen, P., Martin, D., & Cantwell, D. (1997) · Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-199708000-00014 · Cited by 839 · see citing works
Kelley, J., Kraft-Todd, G. T., Schapira, L., Kossowsky, J., & Riess, H. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0094207 · Cited by 836 · see citing works
Barkley, R. A. (1997) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037//0033-2909.121.1.65 · Cited by 580 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Both Barkley (1997) and Brown (2006), leading researchers in ADHD, have developed theoretical models that explain ADHD as a difficulty in managing executive function resulting in impulsive and inattentive behavior.”
BackgroundNeurodiversity at work: a biopsychosocial model and the impact on working adults
Doyle, N. (2020) · British Medical Bulletin · doi:10.1093/bmb/ldaa021 · Cited by 527 · see citing works
Introduction to systematic reviews
O’Connor, E., Whitlock, E. P., & Spring, B. J. (2011) · PsycEXTRA Dataset · doi:10.1037/e657462011-001 · Cited by 463 · see citing works
Family Treatment of Adult Schizophrenic Patients: A Psycho-educational Approach
ANDERSON, C. M., Hogarty, G. E., & Reiss, D. J. (1980) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/schbul/6.3.490 · Cited by 439 · see citing works
A review of the biological bases of ADHD: What have we learned from imaging studies?
Durston, S. (2003) · Mental Retardation and Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews · doi:10.1002/mrdd.10079 · Cited by 388 · see citing works
Adherence to Treatment and Health Outcomes
Horwitz, R. I. (1993) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.1993.00410160017001 · Cited by 367 · see citing works
Psychoeducation as Evidence-Based Practice: Considerations for Practice, Research, and Policy
Lukens, E. P., & McFarlane, W. R. (2004) · Brief Treatment and Crisis Intervention · doi:10.1093/brief-treatment/mhh019 · Cited by 365 · see citing works
de Graaf, R., Kessler, R. C., Fayyad, J., ten Have, M., Alonso, J., Angermeyer, M., Borges, G., Demyttenaere, K., Gasquet, I., de Girolamo, G., et al. (2008) · Occupational and Environmental Medicine · doi:10.1136/oem.2007.038448 · Cited by 355 · see citing works
Fortin, M. (2006) · The Annals of Family Medicine · doi:10.1370/afm.516 · Cited by 336 · see citing works
Treatment strategies for ADHD: an evidence-based guide to select optimal treatment
Caye, A., Swanson, J. M., Coghill, D., & Rohde, L. A. (2019) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41380-018-0116-3 · Cited by 303 · see citing works
Review of Medication Adherence in Children and Adults with ADHD
Adler, L. D., & Nierenberg, A. A. (2010) · Postgraduate Medicine · doi:10.3810/pgm.2010.01.2112 · Cited by 295 · see citing works
Adult Outcome of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Controlled 16-Year Follow-Up Study
Biederman, J., Petty, C. R., Woodworth, K. Y., Lomedico, A., Hyder, L. L., & Faraone, S. V. (2012) · The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry · doi:10.4088/jcp.11m07529 · Cited by 291 · see citing works
Thompson, L. R., & McCabe, R. (2012) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/1471-244x-12-87 · Cited by 285 · see citing works
From the Editors: Student samples in international business research
Bello, D. C., Leung, K. Y., Radebaugh, L. H., Tung, R. L., & van Witteloostuijn, A. C. (2009) · Journal of International Business Studies · doi:10.1057/jibs.2008.101 · Cited by 277 · see citing works
A cognitive remediation programme for adults with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Stevenson, C. S., Whitmont, S., Bornholt, L., Livesey, D., & Stevenson, R. J. (2002) · Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1046/j.1440-1614.2002.01052.x · Cited by 261 · see citing works
Wang, T., Liu, K., Li, Z., Xu, Y., Liu, Y., Shi, W., & Chen, L. (2017) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-016-1187-9 · Cited by 251 · see citing works
Practitioner review: Non-pharmacological treatments for ADHD: a lifespan approach.
Young, S., & Amarasinghe, J. (2010) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2009.02191.x · Cited by 246 · see citing works
Brown, T. E. (2006) · International Journal of Disability, Development and Education · doi:10.1080/10349120500510024 · Cited by 215 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Both Barkley (1997) and Brown (2006), leading researchers in ADHD, have developed theoretical models that explain ADHD as a difficulty in managing executive function resulting in impulsive and inattentive behavior.”
BackgroundCaye, A., Spadini, A. V., Karam, R. G., Grevet, E. H., Rovaris, D. L., Bau, C. H. D., Rohde, L. A., & Kieling, C. (2016) · European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/s00787-016-0831-8 · Cited by 210 · see citing works
Philipsen, A., Richter, H., Peters, J., Alm, B., Sobanski, E., Colla, M., Münzebrock, M., Scheel, C., Jacob, C., Perlov, E., et al. (2007) · Journal of Nervous & Mental Disease · doi:10.1097/nmd.0b013e31815c088b · Cited by 195 · see citing works
Rojon, C., Okupe, A., & McDowall, A. (2021) · International Journal of Management Reviews · doi:10.1111/ijmr.12245 · Cited by 192 · see citing works
Self-citationLiterature Review: ADHD in Adults
Davidson, M. A. (2007) · Journal of Attention Disorders · doi:10.1177/1087054707310878 · Cited by 190 · see citing works
Under Diagnosis of Adult ADHD: Cultural Influences and Societal Burden
Asherson, P., Akehurst, R., Kooij, J. J. S., Huss, M., Beusterien, K., Sasané, R., Gholizadeh, S., & Hodgkins, P. (2012) · Journal of Attention Disorders · doi:10.1177/1087054711435360 · Cited by 189 · see citing works
Hirvikoski, T., Waaler, E., Alfredsson, J., Pihlgren, C., Holmström, A., Johnson, A., Rück, J., Wiwe, C., Bothén, P., & Nordström, A.-L. (2011) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2011.01.001 · Cited by 182 · see citing works
Evaluation of group cognitive behavioral therapy for adults with ADHD
Bramham, J., Young, S., Bickerdike, A., Spain, D., McCartan, D., & Xenitidis, K. (2009) · Journal of Attention Disorders · doi:10.1177/1087054708314596 · Cited by 179 · see citing works
From idea to market: the drug approval process.
Lipsky, M. S., & Sharp, L. K. (2001) · PubMed · Cited by 170 · see citing works
Family‐Based Interventions for Child and Adolescent Disorders
Kaslow, N. J., Broth, M. R., Smith, C. O., & Collins, M. H. (2012) · Journal of Marital and Family Therapy · doi:10.1111/j.1752-0606.2011.00257.x · Cited by 153 · see citing works
Occupational issues of adults with ADHD
Adamou, M., Arif, M., Asherson, P., Aw, T.-C., Bolea, B., Coghill, D., Guðjónsson, G., Halmøy, A., Hodgkins, P., Müller, U., et al. (2013) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/1471-244x-13-59 · Cited by 152 · see citing works
Küpper, T., Haavik, J., Drexler, H., Ramos-Quiroga, J. A., Wermelskirchen, D., Prutz, C., & Schauble, B. (2012) · International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health · doi:10.1007/s00420-012-0794-0 · Cited by 152 · see citing works
Pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment of adults with ADHD: A meta-review
De Crescenzo, F., Cortese, S., Adamo, N., & Janiri, L. (2017) · Evidence Based Mental Health · doi:10.1136/eb-2016-102415 · Cited by 150 · see citing works
Cognitive-behavioural interventions for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adults
Lopez, P. L., Torrente, F. M., Ciapponi, A., Lischinsky, A. G., Cetkovich-Bakmas, M., Rojas, J. I., Romano, M., & Manes, F. F. (2018) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd010840.pub2 · Cited by 140 · see citing works
Wigal, T., Brams, M., Gasior, M., Gao, J., Squires, L., Giblin, J., & 316 Study Group (2010) · Behavioral and Brain Functions · doi:10.1186/1744-9081-6-34 · Cited by 136 · see citing works
Matheson, L., Asherson, P., Wong, I. C. K., Hodgkins, P., Setyawan, J., Sasane, R., & Clifford, S. (2013) · BMC Health Services Research · doi:10.1186/1472-6963-13-184 · Cited by 126 · see citing works
The treatment of child and adolescent mental health problems in primary care: a systematic review
Bower, P., Garralda, E., Kramer, T., Harrington, R., & Sibbald, B. (2001) · Family Practice · doi:10.1093/fampra/18.4.373 · Cited by 122 · see citing works
Tatlow‐Golden, M., Prihodová, L., Gavin, B. E., Cullen, W., & McNicholas, F. (2016) · BMC Family Practice · doi:10.1186/s12875-016-0516-x · Cited by 100 · see citing works
A Randomized Controlled Trial of Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy for College Students With ADHD
Gu, Y., Xu, G., & Zhu, Y. (2018) · Journal of Attention Disorders · doi:10.1177/1087054716686183 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Corbisiero, S., Mörstedt, B., Bitto, H., & Stieglitz, R. (2016) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/jclp.22317 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Functional Outcomes in the Treatment of Adults With ADHD
Adler, L. A., Spencer, T. J., Levine, L. R., Ramsey, J. L., Tamura, R., Kelsey, D., Ball, S. G., Allen, A. J., & Biederman, J. (2008) · Journal of Attention Disorders · doi:10.1177/1087054707308490 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Adults With ADHD Benefit From Cognitive—Behaviorally Oriented Group Rehabilitation
Virta, M., Vedenpää, A., Grönroos, N., Chydenius, E., Partinen, M., Vataja, R., Kaski, M., & Iivanainen, M. V. (2008) · Journal of Attention Disorders · doi:10.1177/1087054707311657 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Hepark, S., Janssen, L., de Vries, A., Schoenberg, P. L. A., Donders, R., Kan, C. C., & Speckens, A. E. M. (2019) · Journal of Attention Disorders · doi:10.1177/1087054715613587 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Mindfulness vs psychoeducation in adult ADHD: a randomized controlled trial
Hoxhaj, E., Sadohara, C., Borel, P., D’Amelio, R., Sobanski, E., Müller, H., Feige, B., Matthies, S., & Philipsen, A. (2018) · European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience · doi:10.1007/s00406-018-0868-4 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Bueno, V. F., Kozasa, E. H., da Silva, M. A., Alves, T. M., Louzã, M. R., & Pompéia, S. (2015) · BioMed Research International · doi:10.1155/2015/962857 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Stevenson, C. S., Stevenson, R. J., & Whitmont, S. (2003) · Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy · doi:10.1002/cpp.356 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Bachmann, K., Lam, A. P., Sörös, P., Kanat, M., Hoxhaj, E., Matthies, S., Feige, B., Müller, H., Özyurt, J., Thiel, C. M., et al. (2018) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2018.05.002 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Psychological treatments in adult ADHD: a systematic review
Fullen, T., Jones, S. L., Emerson, L. M., & Adamou, M. (2020) · Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment · doi:10.1007/s10862-020-09794-8 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Hirvikoski, T., Lindström, T., Carlsson, J., Waaler, E., Jokinen, J., & Bölte, S. (2017) · European Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.04.005 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Efficacy of ADHD coaching for adults with ADHD
Kubik, J. A. (2010) · Journal of Attention Disorders · doi:10.1177/1087054708329960 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Lai, Y., & McDowall, A. (2014) · International Coaching Psychology Review · doi:10.53841/bpsicpr.2014.9.2.118 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Self-citationPitts, M. E., Mangle, L., & Asherson, P. J. (2014) · Archives of Psychiatric Nursing · doi:10.1016/j.apnu.2014.10.001 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Creativity, and the Effects of Methylphenidate
Funk, J. B., Chessare, J. B., Weaver, M. T., & Exley, A. R. (1993) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.91.4.816 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
A New Organizational and Study Skills Intervention for College Students with ADHD
Hartung, C. M., Canu, W. H., Serrano, J. W., Vasko, J. M., Stevens, A. E., Abu-Ramadan, T. M., Bodalski, E. A., Neger, E. N., Bridges, R. M., Gleason, L. L., et al. (2022) · Cognitive and Behavioral Practice · doi:10.1016/j.cbpra.2020.09.005 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
(2012) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781118470886 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
A Comparison of Mindfulness-Based Group Training and Skills Group Training in Adults With ADHD
Edel, M., Hölter, T., Wassink, K., & Juckel, G. (2014) · Journal of Attention Disorders · doi:10.1177/1087054714551635 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Jarde, A., Losilla, J.-M., & Vives, J. (2012) · Anales de Psicología · doi:10.6018/analesps.28.2.148911 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Painter, C., Prevatt, F. F., & Welles, T. (2008) · Journal of Employment Counseling · doi:10.1002/j.2161-1920.2008.tb00057.x · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Goal Management Training in Adults With ADHD: An Intervention Study
de Braek, D. M. J. M. S.-I., Dijkstra, J. B., Ponds, R., & Jolles, J. (2012) · Journal of Attention Disorders · doi:10.1177/1087054712468052 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Generalizability of Psychological Research from Undergraduates to Employed Adults
Ward, E. A. (1993) · The Journal of Social Psychology · doi:10.1080/00224545.1993.9712176 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Dittner, A. J., Hodsoll, J., Rimes, K. A., Russell, A. J., & Chalder, T. (2018) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/acps.12836 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Describing and analysing studies
Oliver, S. R., & Sutcliffe, K. (2012) · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Doyle, N., & McDowall, A. (2019) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0199408 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Self-citation(2009) · PubMed · Cited by 22 · see citing works
The Realist Foundations of Evidence-Based Medicine: A Review Essay
Pawson, R. (2018) · Evaluation · doi:10.1177/1356389017746718 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Is psychoeducation routinely provided in the UK? Survey of community mental health teams
Getachew, H., Dimić, S., & Priebe, S. (2009) · Psychiatric Bulletin · doi:10.1192/pb.bp.107.018077 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Members of the Quebec Scoliosis Society and of the Canadian Paediatric Spinal Deformities Study Group, Beauséjour, M., Goulet, L., Stefan Parent, D., Feldman, D. E., Turgeon, I., Roy‐Beaudry, M., Sosa, J. F., & Labelle, H. (2013) · Scoliosis · doi:10.1186/1748-7161-8-12 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Jackson, L. A., Buxton, J. A., Dingwell, J., Dykeman, M. C., Gahagan, J., Gallant, K. A., Karabanow, J., Kirkland, S., LeVangie, D., SKETRIS, I. S., et al. (2014) · BMC Psychology · doi:10.1186/s40359-014-0026-3 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Open-Label Trial of Atomoxetine Hydrochloride in Adults With ADHD
Johnson, M., Cederlund, M., Råstam, M., Areskoug, B., & Gillberg, C. (2010) · Journal of Attention Disorders · doi:10.1177/1087054709332372 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Linderkamp, F., & Lauth, G. W. (2011) · Verhaltenstherapie · doi:10.1159/000332429 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Goal management training for adults with ADHD – clients’ experiences with a group-based intervention
Nordby, E., Gilje, S., Jensen, D. A., Sørensen, L., & Stige, S. (2021) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-021-03114-4 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Björk, A., Rönngren, Y., Hellzèn, O., & Wall, E. (2020) · Issues in Mental Health Nursing · doi:10.1080/01612840.2020.1793247 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Tian, M., Yan, S., & Wang, N. (2018) · NeuroQuantology · doi:10.14704/nq.2018.16.6.1314 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Gaur, S., & Pallanti, S. (2020) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.9814 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Pirson, M. A. (2014) · doi:10.1002/9781118294895.ch25 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Nicastro, R., Jermann, F., Bluteau Blin, S., Waeber, C., & Perroud, N. (2021) · The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine · doi:10.1089/acm.2020.0216 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Farah, L. K., Pasha, S. H., & Mokhtar, S. (2010) · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Torgersen, T., Krokstad, S., & Vaaler, A. E. (2014) · ADHD Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorders · doi:10.1007/s12402-014-0135-0 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
A 26-Year-Old Male with Distractibility, Disorganization, and Chronic Unemployment
Lalonde, M. M., Powers, L., & Solanto, M. V. (2013) · Psychiatric Annals · doi:10.3928/00485713-20130109-04 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Dahl, V., Ramakrishnan, A., Spears, A., Jorge, A., Lu, J., Bigio, N. A., & Chacko, A. (2019) · Journal of Developmental and Physical Disabilities · doi:10.1007/s10882-019-09691-3
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 4
- Higgins J. Green S. (Eds.). (2011). Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions Version 5.1.0 (5.1.0). The Cochrane Collaboration. Available online at: www.handbook.cochrane.org (accessed November 23, 2021).
- Institute of Medicine of the National Academies (2015). Committee on Developing Evidence-Based Standards for Psychosocial Interventions for Mental Disorders. 26203478
- National Institute for Health Care Excellence (2019). Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: Diagnosis and Management [NICE Guideline NG87]. Available online at: https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng87 (accessed October 27, 2021). 29634174
- Pawson R. Tilley N. (1997). Realistic Evaluation. London: SAGE Publications Ltd.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
The impacts associated with having ADHD: an umbrella review
French, B., Nalbant, G., Wright, H., Sayal, K., Daley, D., Groom, M. J., Cassidy, S., & Hall, C. L. (2024) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1343314 · Cited by 144 · see citing works
Bölte, S., Carpini, J. A., Black, M. H., Toomingas, A., Jansson, F., Marschik, P. B., Girdler, S. J., & Jonsson, M. (2024) · Human Resource Management · doi:10.1002/hrm.22259 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Capobianco, M., Puzzo, C., Matteo, C. D., da Costa, A. L. C., & Adriani, W. (2025) · Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2024.1441615 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Neurodivergence and Work in Human-Computer Interaction: Mapping the Research Landscape
Burtscher, S., & Gerling, K. (2024) · Proceedings of the 3rd Annual Meeting of the Symposium on Human-Computer Interaction for Work · doi:10.1145/3663384.3663386 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Hotte-Meunier, A., Sarraf, L., Bougeard, A., Bernier, F., Voyer, C., Deng, J., Asmar, S. E., Stamate, A., Corbière, M., Villotti, P., et al. (2024) · Neurodiversity · doi:10.1177/27546330241287655 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Paradoxical career strengths and successes of ADHD adults: an evolving narrative
Crook, T., & McDowall, A. (2023) · Journal of Work-Applied Management · doi:10.1108/jwam-05-2023-0048 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Self-citationADHD in Adulthood: Clinical Presentation, Comorbidities, and Treatment Perspectives
Bogdańska-Chomczyk, E., Majewski, M. K., & Kozłowska, A. (2025) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms262211020 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
“Moreover, the complexity of contemporary work environments characterized by multitasking demands and frequent distractions poses additional challenges for adults managing these symptoms [10,11].”
Hedlund, Å., & Jordal, M. (2024) · Work · doi:10.1177/10519815241289852 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Weinhardt, J. M., Mai, I., & Young, S. (2025) · Journal of Business and Psychology · doi:10.1007/s10869-025-10065-0 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Jaeschke, R. R., & Sułkowska, J. (2025) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm14238494 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Scheduling of methylphenidate: Preventing misuse or impeding ADHD treatment adherence?
Schoeman, R., & Weinberg, S. (2024) · South African Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.4102/sajpsychiatry.v30i0.2335 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Skliarova, T., Lara‐Cabrera, M. L., Hafstad, H., Havnen, A., Sæther, S. G., Salvesen, Ø. O., Vaag, J. R., & Torgersen, T. (2024) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-024-06015-4 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
ADHD and career sustainability: a sustainable career ecosystem perspective
Grabarski, M. K., Jameson, T. P., & Mouratidou, M. (2025) · Career Development International · doi:10.1108/cdi-03-2025-0150 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Vodden, T., & Arman, G. (2025) · Career Development International · doi:10.1108/cdi-03-2025-0155 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Designing AI Writing Workflow UX for Reduced Cognitive Loads
Packer, B., & Keates, S. (2023) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-35897-5_23 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
van Rijswijk, J., Curșeu, P. L., & van Oortmerssen, L. A. (2026) · Neurodiversity · doi:10.1177/27546330261448358 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Oscarsson, M., Hammarbäck, S., Wiberg, K. B., Rozental, A., Ginsberg, Y., Carlbring, P., Andersson, G., & Jönsson, F. U. (2025) · JMIR Formative Research · doi:10.2196/66388 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Jameson, T. P., Grabarski, M. K., Arana, M. M., & Santos, P. A. (2026) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1820248 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Identification and Accommodation of ADHD in Family Medicine Residencies: A CERA Study
Haymaker, C. M., Cadick, A., Bane, C. M. H., Percifield, C. S., McGuire, N., & VanDerKolk, K. (2024) · Family Medicine · doi:10.22454/fammed.2024.641042 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Lauder, K., McDowall, A., & Tenenbaum, H. R. (2024) · Neurodiversity · doi:10.1177/27546330241292984 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Self-citationFrom Margins to Mainstream: Embracing Neurodiverse Needs for an Inclusive Workplace
Twumasi, R., & Burton, L. (2024) · Ought The Journal of Autistic Culture · doi:10.9707/2833-1508.1198 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Voyer, C., Corbière, M., Villotti, P., Stamate, A. N., & Sauvé, G. (2025) · Contemporary Clinical Trials · doi:10.1016/j.cct.2025.107997 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
(2024) · International Journal of Biology Pharmacy and Allied Sciences · doi:10.31032/ijbpas/2024/13.7.8213
Verhaltenspsychotherapie der ADHS im Erwachsenenalter
Ahlers, E., & Jokinen, J. (2025) · DNP – Die Neurologie & Psychiatrie · doi:10.1007/s15202-025-6493-y
Kelly, S. E., Kim, J., Winchester, D., Choi, J. H., & Foresman, G. (2025) · International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction · doi:10.1080/10447318.2025.2531292
Impact of psychopathological dimensions on functional impairments in adults with probable ADHD
Romo, L., Gétin, C., Weibel, S., Païs, G., Fouques, D., & Zerhouni, O. (2025) · International Journal of Mental Health · doi:10.1080/00207411.2025.2592165
SUSTAINABILITY AND SME PERFORMANCE IN THE HERBAL MEDICINE (JAMU) SECTOR: FUTURE RESEARCH DIRECTIONS
Cahyani, W. K. D., Santoso, I., Lestari, E. R., & Hidayat, A. R. (2025) · Nativa · doi:10.31413/nat.v13i4.19877
Strategies to Provide Organizational Support to Neurodivergent Employees on Work Teams
González, K. Y. M., & Critchlow, K. A. (2026) · Open Journal of Business and Management · doi:10.4236/ojbm.2026.141042
Rosario-Hernández, E., Rovira-Millán, L. V., & Blanco-Rovira, R. A. (2026) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2025.1702403
Interventi per supportare le persone ADHD nei contesti lavorativi: scoping review
Emanueli, A., Iacomini, S., & Cavallini, F. (2026) · PSICOLOGIA DELLA SALUTE · doi:10.3280/pds2026-001004
A biopsychosocial model of neurodivergence at work: A scoping review
Choo, B., & Hoo, H.-T. (2026) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2026.106807
Relationships at work: friend or foe? The perspective of ADHD employees
Re, B., Calluso, C., & Previtali, P. (2026) · Personnel Review · doi:10.1108/pr-05-2025-0532
El‐Setouhy, M., Ali, S. A., Zaino, M. R., Alahmar, A. S., Alsanosi, Z. Y., Jaddoh, S., Areshy, N. I., Basheer, A. H., Dagreri, A. A., Moafa, M. Y., et al. (2026) · PeerJ · doi:10.7717/peerj.21688
Schaffer, G. E., Castillo, J. M., Dedrick, R. F., Dart, E. H., & Boone, B. (2026) · Journal of School Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jsp.2026.101599
Neurodivergence and occupational well-being: a systematic and integrative review
van Rijswijk, J., & Curșeu, P. L. (2026) · Psychology Health & Medicine · doi:10.1080/13548506.2026.2743437
Gündoğan, S., Demirci, B., Coşkun, A., & Kilim, Ö. (2026) · Workplace Health & Safety · doi:10.1177/21650799261496318
- Authors
- Lauder, K., McDowall, A., & Tenenbaum, H. R.
- Affiliations
- Birkbeck, University of London (GB)
- University of Surrey (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Lauder, Kirsty
- Venue
- Frontiers in Psychology
- Publisher
- Frontiers Media SA
- Published
- 2022-08-22
- Volume
- 13
- Pages
- 893469-893469
- ISSN
- 1664-1078 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC9443814
- OpenAlex
- W4292648133
- Cited by
- 36
- References
- 96
- Citations by year
- 2026: 11 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 2
- FWCI
- 1.08
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Frontiers in Psychology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- BIROn (Birkbeck, University of London) (acceptedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- Wellcome Trust
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Workplace Health and Well-being
- Social Sciences › Safety Research › Disability Education and Employment
- Keywords
- adult ADHD, workplace support, workplace interventions, pharmacological interventions, psychosocial interventions, group therapy, peer support networks, barriers to support, realist evaluation
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
