White matter hyperintensities affect transcranial electrical stimulation in the aging brain
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Background White matter hyperintensities (WMH) are estimated to occur in greater than 63% of older adults over the age of 60 years. WMH identified in the T2-weighted FLAIR images can be combined with T1-weighted images to enhance individualized current flow models of older adults by accounting for the presence of WMH and its effects on delivered tES current in the aging brain. Methods Individualized head models were derived from T1-weighted images of 130 healthy older adults (mean = 71 years). Lesions segmented from FLAIR acquisition were added to individualized models. Current densities were computed in the brain and compared between models with and without lesions. Main results Integrating WMH into the models resulted in an overall decrease (up to 7%) in median current densities in the brain outside lesion regions. Changes in current density and total lesion volume was positively correlated (R 2 = 0.31, p < 0.0001). Conclusions Incorporating WMH into individualized models may increase the accuracy of predicted tES current flow in the aging brain.
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Inter-individual anatomical differences can affect response to tDCS due to differing amounts of current reaching cortical tissue.
“Furthermore, increasing evidence to suggests that inter-individual anatomical differences can affect response to tDCS due to differing amounts of current reaching cortical tissue.”
From Primary outcome from the augmenting cognitive training in older adults study (ACT): A tDCS and cognitive training randomized clinical trial (2023) · cites this paper as [61]
The Discussion reports that white matter hyperintensities altered modeled current delivery to brain tissue, including a cortical target region, in older adults (page not provided). This supports the claim that anatomical differences can change how much current reaches cortical tissue. The paper does not establish that those differences change individuals’ responses to tDCS; it says the dose–response relationship requires further investigation. (LLM, conf=0.86)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredVariations in skull thickness, white matter hyperintensities, and adipose tissue can also affect current density.
“In addition, variations in skull thickness, white matter hyperintensities, and adipose tissue can also affect current density [60–62].”
From Primary outcome from the augmenting cognitive training in older adults study (ACT): A tDCS and cognitive training randomized clinical trial (2023) · cites this paper as [61]
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Self-citation
- Authors
- Indahlastari, A., Albizu, A., Boutzoukas, E. M., O’Shea, A., & Woods, A. J.
- Affiliations
- University of Florida Health (US)
- Corresponding author
- Indahlastari, Aprinda
- Venue
- Brain Stimulation
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2021-01
- Volume
- 14
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 69-73
- ISSN
- 1876-4754 (ISSN-L)
- 1935-861X
- PMC
- PMC8174001
- OpenAlex
- W3100040635
- Cited by
- 14
- References
- 26
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 1
- FWCI
- 0.58
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Brain stimulation (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- National Institute on Aging
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Advanced Neuroimaging Techniques and Applications
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Ultrasound and Hyperthermia Applications
- Keywords
- white matter hyperintensities, transcranial electrical stimulation, current density, brain aging, older adults, T1-weighted imaging, current flow modeling, lesion volume
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Aging, Brain, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Middle Aged, Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation, White Matter
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