Machine learning and individual variability in electric field characteristics predict tDCS treatment response
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is widely investigated as a therapeutic tool to enhance cognitive function in older adults with and without neurodegenerative disease. Prior research demonstrates that electric current delivery to the brain can vary significantly across individuals. Quantification of this variability could enable person-specific optimization of tDCS outcomes. This pilot study used machine learning and MRI-derived electric field models to predict working memory improvements as a proof of concept for precision cognitive intervention. METHODS: Fourteen healthy older adults received 20 minutes of 2 mA tDCS stimulation (F3/F4) during a two-week cognitive training intervention. Participants performed an N-back working memory task pre-/post-intervention. MRI-derived current models were passed through a linear Support Vector Machine (SVM) learning algorithm to characterize crucial tDCS current components (intensity and direction) that induced working memory improvements in tDCS responders versus non-responders. MAIN RESULTS: SVM models of tDCS current components had 86% overall accuracy in classifying treatment responders vs. non-responders, with current intensity producing the best overall model differentiating changes in working memory performance. Median current intensity and direction in brain regions near the electrodes were positively related to intervention responses (r=0.811,p<0.001 and r=0.774,p=0.001). CONCLUSIONS: This study provides the first evidence that pattern recognition analyses of MRI-derived tDCS current models can provide individual prognostic classification of tDCS treatment response with 86% accuracy. Individual differences in current intensity and direction play important roles in determining treatment response to tDCS. These findings provide important insights into mechanisms of tDCS response as well as proof of concept for future precision dosing models of tDCS intervention.
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Current direction and intensity predict behavioral outcomes in older adults with 86% accuracy.
“Optimizing current dose is important because current direction and intensity predict behavioral outcomes in older adults with 86% accuracy [63].”
From Primary outcome from the augmenting cognitive training in older adults study (ACT): A tDCS and cognitive training randomized clinical trial (2023) · cites this paper as [63]
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High-capacity transcranial direct current stimulation (HC-tDCS)
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- Authors
- Albizu, A., Fang, R., Indahlastari, A., O’Shea, A., Stolte, S. E., See, K. B., Boutzoukas, E. M., Kraft, J. N., Nissim, N. R., & Woods, A. J.
- Affiliations
- University of Florida Health (US)
- University of Florida (US)
- Corresponding author
- Woods, Adam J.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Brain Stimulation
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2020-11
- Volume
- 13
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 1753-1764
- ISSN
- 1876-4754 (ISSN-L)
- 1935-861X
- PMC
- PMC7731513
- OpenAlex
- W3092211278
- Cited by
- 79
- References
- 88
- Citations by year
- 2026: 12 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 17 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 2 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 3.48
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Brain stimulation (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Research Foundation
- National Institute on Aging
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Electroconvulsive Therapy Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Traumatic Brain Injury Research
- Keywords
- transcranial direct current stimulation, interindividual variability, electric field modeling, working memory, older adults, support vector machine classification, cognitive training, precision dosing
- MeSH terms
- Machine Learning, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Brain, Cognition, Double-Blind Method, Female, Forecasting, Humans, Individuality, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Memory, Short-Term, Pilot Projects, Treatment Outcome, Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation
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