OpenLB—Open source lattice Boltzmann code
Open accessAbstract
We present the OpenLB package, a C++ library providing a flexible framework for lattice Boltzmann simulations. The code is publicly available and published under GNU GPLv2, which allows for adaption and implementation of additional models. The extensibility benefits from a modular code structure achieved e.g. by utilizing template meta-programming. The package covers various methodical approaches and is applicable to a wide range of transport problems (e.g. fluid, particulate and thermal flows). The built-in processing of the STL file format furthermore allows for the simple setup of simulations in complex geometries. The utilization of MPI as well as OpenMP parallelism enables the user to perform those simulations on large-scale computing clusters. It requires a minimal amount of dependencies and includes several benchmark cases and examples. The package presented here aims at providing an open access platform for both, applicants and developers, from academia as well as industry, which facilitates the extension of previous implementations and results to novel fields of application for lattice Boltzmann methods. OpenLB was tested and validated over several code reviews and publications. This paper summarizes the findings and gives a brief introduction to the underlying concepts as well as the design of the parallel data structure.
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Lattice Boltzmann methods have been developed to solve the RTE, and some models are included in open software codes.
“Recently, lattice Boltzmann methods as another class of methods were developed to solve the Radiative transfer equation [13,21,209-212] and some models are included in open software codes [213].”
From Modeling and Simulation of Photobioreactors with Computational Fluid Dynamics—A Comprehensive Review (2022) · cites this paper as [213]
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Self-citationJunk, M., & Yang, Z. (2015) · Communications in Computational Physics · doi:10.4208/cicp.2014.m369 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Adaptive filtering for the simulation of turbulent flows with lattice Boltzmann methods
Nathen, P., Haussmann, M., Krause, M. J., et al. (2018) · Computers & Fluids · doi:10.1016/j.compfluid.2018.03.042 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Self-citationTowards Lattice-Boltzmann modelling of unconfined gas mixing in anaerobic digestion
Dapelo, D., Trunk, R., Krause, M. J., et al. (2018) · Computers & Fluids · doi:10.1016/j.compfluid.2018.12.008 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Self-citationLattice Boltzmann Method with regularized non-equilibrium distribution functionsPreprint
Lätt, J., & Chopard, B. (2005) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.physics/0506157 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Höcker, S. B., Trunk, R., Dörfler, W., et al. (2018) · Computers & Fluids · doi:10.1016/j.compfluid.2018.02.011 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Self-citationMink, A., McHardy, C., Bressel, L., Rauh, C., & Krause, M. J. (2020) · Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer · doi:10.1016/j.jqsrt.2019.106810 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Self-citationMultiscale Simulation with a Two-Way Coupled Lattice Boltzmann Method and Discrete Element Method
Maier, M.-L., Henn, T., Thaeter, G., Nirschl, H., & Krause, M. J. (2017) · Chemical Engineering & Technology · doi:10.1002/ceat.201600547 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Self-citationSolving fluid flow domain identification problems with adjoint lattice Boltzmann methods
Klemens, F., Förster, B., Dorn, M., et al. (2018) · Computers & Mathematics with Applications · doi:10.1016/j.camwa.2018.07.010 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Self-citationGaedtke, M., Hoffmann, T., Reinhardt, V., Thäter, G., Nirschl, H., & Krause, M. J. (2019) · International Journal of Modern Physics C · doi:10.1142/s012918311950013x · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Self-citationNumerical Simulation of the Human Lung: A Two--scale Approach
Gengenbach, T., Heuveline, V., & Krause, M. J. (2011) · University Library Heidelberg · doi:10.11588/emclpp.2011.11.11687 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Self-citationMaier, M.-L., Milles, S., Schuhmann, S., Guthausen, G., Nirschl, H., & Krause, M. J. (2018) · Computers & Mathematics with Applications · doi:10.1016/j.camwa.2018.08.066 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Self-citationNathen, P., Gaudlitz, D., Krause, M., & Kratzke, J. (2013) · 21st AIAA Computational Fluid Dynamics Conference · doi:10.2514/6.2013-2573 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Self-citationSimultaneous optimization of gait and design parameters for bipedal robots
Römer, U. J., Kuhs, C., Krause, M. J., et al. (2016) · Proceedings - IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation/Proceedings · doi:10.1109/icra.2016.7487271 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Self-citationAn experimental and theoretical study of heat transfer in an annulus with an inner rotating cylinder
Becker, K. M. (1957) · DSpace@MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Rheinländer, M. (2007) · Cited by 8 · see citing works
OpenLB Release 1.3: Open Source Lattice Boltzmann Code
Krause, M. J., Avis, S. J., Dapelo, D., et al. (2019) · Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research) · doi:10.5281/zenodo.3625967 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Self-citationBoudet, J. C., Lévêque, E., Borgnat, P., et al. (2015) · Computers & Fluids · doi:10.1016/j.compfluid.2015.12.006 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
A Preprocessing Approach for Innovative Patient-specific Intranasal Flow Simulations
Gengenbach, T., Heuveline, V., Krause, M. J., et al. (2011) · University Library Heidelberg · doi:10.11588/emclpp.2011.07.11691 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Self-citationLBM-LES Modelling of Low Reynolds Number Turbulent Flow Over NACA0012 Aerofoil
Nadim, N., Chandratilleke, T. T., & Krause, M. J. (2015) · Lecture notes in mechanical engineering · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-48868-3_33 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Self-citationKohanpur, A. H., Chen, Y., Valocchi, A. J., et al. (2016) · AGUFM · Cited by 1 · see citing works
OpenLB Release 0.3: Open Source Lattice Boltzmann Code
Latt, J., & Krause, M. J. (2007) · Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research) · doi:10.5281/zenodo.3625765 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Self-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 8
- Z. Guo, C. Zheng, B. Shi, Discrete lattice effects on the forcing term in the lattice Boltzmann method, Phys. Rev. E 65 (4) (2002) 046308, http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.65.046308. · DOI
- M. Sukop, J. DT Thorne, Lattice Boltzmann Modeling Lattice Boltzmann Modeling, Springer, 2006.
- V. Heuveline, M.J. Krause, OpenLB: Towards an efficient parallel open source library for lattice Boltzmann fluid flow simulations, in: International Workshop on State-of-the-Art in Scientific and Parallel Computing. PARA, Vol. 9, 2010.
- A.J.C. Ladd, Numerical simulations of particulate suspensions via a discretized Boltzmann equation. Part 1. Theoretical foundation, J. Fluid Mech. 271 (1994) 285-309, http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0022112094001771. · DOI
- P. Nathen, M. Haussmann, M.J. Krause, N.A. Adams, Adaptive filtering for the simulation of turbulent flows with lattice Boltzmann methods, Comput. & Fluids 172 (2018) 510-523, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compfluid.2018.03.042. · DOI
- T. Henn, G. Thäter, W. Dörfler, H. Nirschl, M. Krause, Parallel dilute particulate flow simulations in the human nasal cavity, Comput. & Fluids (2015) http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compfluid.2015.08.002. · DOI
- S. Hou, J. Sterling, S. Chen, G. Doolen, A lattice Boltzmann subgrid model for high reynolds number flows, in: A. Lawniczak:, R. Kapral (Eds.), Pattern Formation and Lattice Gas Automata, Vol. 6, AMS -Fields Institute Communications, 1996, arXiv:9401004.
- L. Wang, H. Wu, Biomedical Optics: Principles and Imaging, Wiley, 2007.
Cited by
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Modeling and Simulation of Photobioreactors with Computational Fluid Dynamics—A Comprehensive Review
Luzi, G., & McHardy, C. (2022) · Energies · doi:10.3390/en15113966 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Mink, A., Schediwy, K., Posten, C., Nirschl, H., Simonis, S., & Krause, M. J. (2022) · Energies · doi:10.3390/en15207671 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Self-citationNumerical evaluation of thermal comfort using a large eddy lattice Boltzmann method
Siodlaczek, M., Gaedtke, M., Simonis, S., Schweiker, M., Homma, N., & Krause, M. J. (2021) · Building and Environment · doi:10.1016/j.buildenv.2021.107618 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Self-citationLattice-Boltzmann coupled models for advection–diffusion flow on a wide range of Péclet numbers
Dapelo, D., Simonis, S., Krause, M. J., & Bridgeman, J. (2021) · Journal of Computational Science · doi:10.1016/j.jocs.2021.101363 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Self-citationFluid–Structure Interaction Simulation of a Coriolis Mass Flowmeter Using a Lattice Boltzmann Method
Haussmann, M., Reinshaus, P., Simonis, S., Nirschl, H., & Krause, M. J. (2021) · Fluids · doi:10.3390/fluids6040167 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Self-citation
- Authors
- Krause, M. J., Kummerländer, A., Avis, S. J., Kusumaatmaja, H., Dapelo, D., Klemens, F., Gaedtke, M., Hafen, N., Mink, A., Trunk, R., Marquardt, J. E., Maier, M.-L., Haussmann, M., & Simonis, S.
- Affiliations
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (DE)
- Durham University (GB)
- University of Bradford (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Krause, Mathias J.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Computers & Mathematics with Applications
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2021-01
- Volume
- 81
- Pages
- 258-288
- ISSN
- 0898-1221 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W3030255514
- Cited by
- 203
- References
- 136
- Citations by year
- 2026: 39 · 2025: 36 · 2024: 30 · 2023: 40 · 2022: 30 · 2021: 20 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 1
- FWCI
- 14.97
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Computers & Mathematics with Applications (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Durham Research Online (Durham University) (acceptedVersion, other-oa)
- Repository KITopen (Karlsruhe Institute of Technology) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Durham Research Online (Durham University) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Bradford Scholars (University of Bradford) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- KITopen
- Funders
- Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EP/P007139/1, EP/R01485X/1, EP/V034154/1)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Computational Mechanics › Lattice Boltzmann Simulation Studies
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design › Computer Graphics and Visualization Techniques
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Hardware and Architecture › Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques
- Keywords
- OpenLB, lattice Boltzmann method, open source software, C++ library, template metaprogramming, parallel data structures, MPI, OpenMP, STL file format, complex geometries, fluid flow, particulate flow, thermal flow, benchmark test cases
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