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Characterization of a flat plate photobioreactor for the production of microalgae
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“In contrast, the characteristic times scales of the flow and mixing are found to be in the order of seconds to minutes, depending on the reactor type and size [66,117].”
From Modeling and Simulation of Photobioreactors with Computational Fluid Dynamics—A Comprehensive Review (2022) · cites this paper as [117]
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“Other mechanisms affecting the reactor temperature are the heat transfer over the reactor surface and the convective heat transfer within the culture [110,116,117].”
From Modeling and Simulation of Photobioreactors with Computational Fluid Dynamics—A Comprehensive Review (2022) · cites this paper as [117]
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“Raceway ponds are made of less expensive materials, their construction in- volves lower costs, and they require less energy for mixing, on the order of only 4 W/m3 (Ami Ben-Amotz, personal communication).”
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“3 min−1 will be enough to secure sufficient gas exchange, even under optimum growth conditions (Sierra et al., 2008) in a system dimensioned like the present flat panel reactor.”
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“While this reactor design has already been employed for decades, a recent comprehensive process engineering characterisation is available from Sierra [35].”
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“In comparisonwith open systems, closed PBRs are characterized via regulated and well-controlled cultivation, with the additional benefits of low contamination risk, high CO2fixation efficiency, highmetabolicflexibility, and controllable hydrodynamics (Grima et al., 1999; Sierra et al., 2008).”
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“However, the aeration design of this photobioreactor causes stress damage to the microalgae cells [31].”
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“The conditions required for different styles of PBRs to reach the same mass transfer capacity have been compared: 2400–3200 W·m for the tubular PBR, 40 W·m in a bubble column, and 53 W·m for the flat-plate PBR [90].”
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“To attain the same mass transfer capacity, the power supply of 53 Wm 3 for the flat plate reactor [60] was much lower than the 2000–3000 Wm 3 [41, 42, 66] required for tubular photobioreactors.”
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“An energy demand for cultivation, 10 MJ/kgdw, is reported for flat panel photobioreactors [117].”
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“CO 2 fixation and biomass production can be improved using a high aeration rate to achieve turbulence mixing, a high CO 2 mass transfer rate and a high removal rate of excess oxygen in the cultivation medium (Sierra et al. , 2008).”
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“The advantages of Flat plate PBRs include high illumination surface to volume ratio and minimal mechanical requirements [112,113].”
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“Several related studies have analysed and compared differences on energy requirement and operational parameters between different types of PBRs under solar radiation (Brentner et al., 2011; Jorquera et al., 2010; Sierra et al., 2008).”
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“Sunlight and temperature also have an important impact on the PBR design [37].”
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“With the ability to regulate culture parameters, PBRs promote consistent, high cell densities and provide a controllable environment to produce high-value products (Sierra et al. 2008).”
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“Flat plate (high values) (Sierra et al. 2008)”
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“Other important works related to flat PBRs have been published, for example about the energy costs for mixing [20,21] and on general energy and economics [22], but these studies do not allow to reach a conclusion on the efficiency in terms of energy employed by closed systems for algae cultivation.”
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“This suggests that the energy demand for operation of the twinlayer PBR may be significantly less than that of most technical systems based on suspension cultures (Sierra et al. 2008).”
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“Currently, flat panel PBRs exhibit the lowest energy consumption for algae cultivation that depends on the panel design and operation conditions and is in the order of 10–15 MJ/kgdw [3], [5].”
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“Advantages over tubular design are the low accumulation of dissolved oxygen, high photosynthetic efficiency [124], low energy consumption, no dark volumes, and high CO2 consumption rates [101,110,125,126], hence considered to be relatively easy to scale up [127].”
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“photobioreactors are more effective for removal of CO2 with higher growth rates in comparison to open culture systems, since environmental parameters can be easily controlled in these systems (Sierra et al., 2008).”
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“One of the production systems developed on the basis of traditional systems was the flat panel (Sierra et al. 2008), which improves the average irradiance reaching the culture.”
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“Closed photobioreactor designs must be carefully optimized for the alga of interest, according to their physiological characteristics and specific growth.([140]) In contrast to open cultivation systems, photobioreactors minimize contamination and allow microalgae monoculture while enabling the control of variables suc…”
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Wang, L.-L., Tao, Y., & Mao, X.-Z. (2014) · Bioresource Technology · doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2014.04.100 · Cited by 86
Concas, A., Lutzu, G. A., Pisu, M., & Cao, G. (2012) · Chemical Engineering Journal · doi:10.1016/j.cej.2012.09.119 · Cited by 85
Microalgae: Fast-Growth Sustainable Green Factories
Forján, E., Navarro, F., Cuaresma, M., Vaquero, I., Ruiz‐Domínguez, M. C., Gojkovic, Ž., Vázquez, M., Márquez, M., Mogedas, B., Bermejo, E., et al. (2014) · Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology · doi:10.1080/10643389.2014.966426 · Cited by 86
“Systems facing east/west reduce direct beam radiation on the reactor surface while increasing dispersed radiation, which is a more favorable situation (Richmond, 2004; Sierra et al., 2008).”
BackgroundReyna-Velarde, R., Cristiani-Urbina, E., Hernández-Melchor, D. J., Thalasso, F., & Cañizares-Villanueva, R. O. (2010) · Chemical Engineering and Processing: Process Intensification · doi:10.1016/j.cep.2009.11.014 · Cited by 84
Design of a novel flat-plate photobioreactor system for green algal hydrogen production
Tamburic, B., Zemichael, F. W., Crudge, P., Maitland, G. C., & Hellgardt, K. (2011) · International Journal of Hydrogen Energy · doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2011.02.091 · Cited by 84
“Typical limitations of flat-plate reactors are the scaling-up requirements (the need for many compartments and support materials), the difficulty in controlling culture temperature, the possibility of algal cell clustering on the reactor wall, and the incompatibility with certain algal strains [19].”
BackgroundInfluentialEfficient CO2 capture from the air for high microalgal biomass production by a bicarbonate Pool
Zhu, C., Zhai, X., Xi, Y., Wang, J., Kong, F., Zhao, Y., & Chi, Z. (2020) · Journal of CO2 Utilization · doi:10.1016/j.jcou.2019.12.023 · Cited by 84
Lipids rich in ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids from microalgae
Santos-Sánchez, N. F., Valadez-Blanco, R., Hernández, B., Torres-Ariño, A., Guadarrama-Mendoza, P. C., & Salas-Coronado, R. (2016) · Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology · doi:10.1007/s00253-016-7818-8 · Cited by 83
Han, F., Pei, H., Hu, W., Song, M., Ma, G., & Pei, R. (2014) · Energy Conversion and Management · doi:10.1016/j.enconman.2014.11.032 · Cited by 82
Pawar, S. (2016) · Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.rser.2016.04.074 · Cited by 80
Ortiz Montoya, E. Y., Casazza, A. A., Aliakbarian, B., Perego, P., Converti, A., & de Carvalho, J. C. M. (2014) · Biotechnology Progress · doi:10.1002/btpr.1885 · Cited by 81
“environmental parameters can be more easily controlled in these systems.(11)”
BackgroundHydrogen production using Rhodobacter sphaeroides (O.U. 001) in a flat panel rocking photobioreactor
Gilbert, J. J., Ray, S., & Das, D. (2011) · International Journal of Hydrogen Energy · doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2010.12.012 · Cited by 80
Biohydrogen Production From Algae
Lam, M. K., Loy, A. C. M., Yusup, S., & Lee, K. T. (2019) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-444-64203-5.00009-5 · Cited by 80
Marsullo, M., Mian, A., Ensinas, A. V., Manente, G., Lazzaretto, A., & Marechal, F. M. A. (2015) · Frontiers in Energy Research · doi:10.3389/fenrg.2015.00041 · Cited by 78
“Studies have been conducted regarding the geometric characterization of flat panel photobioreactors, being the vertical positioning and east–west orientation the most suitable for microalgae proliferation (Sierra et al., 2008).”
BackgroundA review of recent advances in engineering bacteria for enhanced CO2 capture and utilization
Onyeaka, H. N., & Ekwebelem, O. C. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology · doi:10.1007/s13762-022-04303-8 · Cited by 83
“The level of aeration is maintained at 1L of air per liter of photobioreactor volume per minute (Sierra et al. 2008), and the photobioreactor is developed to take advantage of sunshine (Carvalho et al.”
BackgroundCarbon dioxide sequestration and its enhanced utilization by photoautotroph microalgae
Verma, R., & Srivastava, A. (2018) · Environmental Development · doi:10.1016/j.envdev.2018.07.004 · Cited by 79
Hydrogen from Photo Fermentation
Reungsang, A., Zhong, N., Yang, Y., Sittijunda, S., Xia, A., & Liao, Q. (2018) · Green energy and technology · doi:10.1007/978-981-10-7677-0_7 · Cited by 75
Microalgae to biofuels production: a review on cultivation, application and renewable energy
Abo, B. O., Odey, E. A., Bakayoko, M., & Kalakodio, L. (2019) · Reviews on Environmental Health · doi:10.1515/reveh-2018-0052 · Cited by 77
“In addition, photobioreactors remain very expensive to produce and operate (26).”
BackgroundSystematic analysis of biomass derived fuels for fuel cells
Archer, S., & Steinberger‐Wilckens, R. (2018) · International Journal of Hydrogen Energy · doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2018.10.161 · Cited by 74
A Review of Carbon Capture and Sequestration in Iran: Microalgal Biofixation Potential in Iran
Ghorbani, A., Rahimpour, H. R., Ghasemi, Y., Zoughi, S., & Rahimpour, M. R. (2014) · Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.rser.2014.03.013 · Cited by 77
Metadata
- Authors
- Sierra, E., Acién, F. G., Fernández, J. M., García, J. L., González, C., & Molina, E.
- Affiliations
- University of Almería (ES)
- Corresponding author
- Molina, E.
- Venue
- Chemical Engineering Journal
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2008-05
- Volume
- 138
- Issue
- 1-3
- Pages
- 136-147
- ISSN
- 1385-8947 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2054111745
- Cited by
- 439
- References
- 52
- Citations by year
- 2026: 15 · 2025: 20 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 32 · 2021: 25 · 2020: 31 · 2019: 37 · 2018: 31 · 2017: 26 · 2016: 28 · 2015: 26 · 2014: 31 · 2013: 30 · 2012: 28
- FWCI
- 5.72
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Chemical Engineering Journal (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Energy › Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment › Algal biology and biofuel production
- Physical Sciences › Chemical Engineering › Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes › Fluid Dynamics and Mixing
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Chemistry › Aquatic Ecosystems and Phytoplankton Dynamics
- Keywords
- flat panel photobioreactor, microalgae cultivation, solar radiation interception, gas holdup, mass transfer coefficient, air flow rate, mixing time, heat transfer coefficient, internal heat exchanger, dissolved oxygen, power consumption
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