Recent Advances on PFAS Degradation via Thermal and Nonthermal Methods
Open accessAbstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a set of synthetic chemicals which contain several carbon-fluorine (C-F) bonds and have been in production for the past eight decades. PFAS have been used in several industrial and consumer products including nonstick pans, food packaging, firefighting foams, and carpeting. PFAS require proper investigations worldwide due to their omnipresence in the biotic environment and the resulting pollution to drinking water sources. These harmful chemicals have been associated with adverse health effects such as liver damage, cancer, low fertility, hormone subjugation, and thyroid illness. In addition, these fluorinated compounds show high chemical, thermal, biological, hydrolytic, photochemical, and oxidative stability. Therefore, effective treatment processes are required for the removal and degradation of PFAS from wastewater, drinking water, and groundwater. Previous review papers have provided excellent summaries on PFAS treatment technologies, but the focus has been on the elimination efficiency without providing mechanistic understanding of removal/degradation pathways. The present review summarizes a comprehensive examination of various thermal and non-thermal PFAS destruction technologies. It includes sonochemical/ultrasound degradation, microwave hydrothermal treatment, subcritical or supercritical treatment, electrical discharge plasma technology, thermal destruction methods/incinerations, low/high-temperature thermal desorption process, vapor energy generator (VEG) technology and mechanochemical destruction. The background, degradation mechanisms/pathways, and advances of each remediation process are discussed in detail in this review.
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Bioremediation appears to be a successful solution for PFAS removal from the environment.
“Along with physicochemical techniques [27], bioremediation appears to be a successful solution for PFAS removal from the environment [73,74].”
From The EU’s Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) Ban: A Case of Policy over Science (2023) · cites this paper as [73]
The Introduction says biological degradation of PFAS has been studied, but contrasts it with physicochemical methods and says it is challenged by the persistent carbon–fluorine bond. It does not present bioremediation as a successful solution for environmental PFAS removal. No page number is available in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.84)
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Flagged first, then by citations
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Cited by
Sorted by citations
The EU’s Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) Ban: A Case of Policy over Science
Spyrakis, F., & Dragani, T. A. (2023) · Toxics · doi:10.3390/toxics11090721 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Forever Chemicals, Per-and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS), in Lubrication
Dias, D., Bons, J., Kumar, A., Kabir, M., & Liang, H. (2024) · Lubricants · doi:10.3390/lubricants12040114 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
- Authors
- Verma, S., Lee, T., Sahle-Demessie, E., Ateia, M., & Nadagouda, M. N.
- Affiliations
- Environmental Protection Agency (US)
- Corresponding author
- Nadagouda, Mallikarjuna N.
- Venue
- Chemical Engineering Journal Advances
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2023-03
- Volume
- 13
- Pages
- 100421
- ISSN
- 2666-8211 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC10013708
- OpenAlex
- W4310519160
- Cited by
- 187
- References
- 113
- Citations by year
- 2026: 55 · 2025: 68 · 2024: 47 · 2023: 17
- FWCI
- 11.69
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Chemical Engineering Journal Advances (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Chemistry › Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances research
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Water Science and Technology › Advanced oxidation water treatment
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Environmental remediation with nanomaterials
- Keywords
- per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances, PFAS degradation, thermal destruction, sonochemical degradation, microwave hydrothermal treatment, plasma technology, incineration, thermal desorption, degradation mechanism, drinking water treatment, groundwater remediation, wastewater treatment
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
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