Autism: Many Genes, Common Pathways?
Open accessAbstract
Autism is a heterogeneous neurodevelopmental syndrome with a complex genetic etiology. It is still not clear whether autism comprises a vast collection of different disorders akin to intellectual disability or a few disorders sharing common aberrant pathways. Unifying principles among cases of autism are likely to be at the level of brain circuitry in addition to molecular pathways.
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Many autistic disorder-implicated genes converge on common biological pathways and brain circuits, including synaptic formation, signaling, and homeostasis in brain regions such as frontal and temporal cortices, caudate, amygdala, and cerebellum.
“Compellingly, however, many genes converge on common biological pathways and brain circuits. These include synaptic formation, signaling and homeostasis in brain regions that process rapid and coherent integration of information from multiple, higher-level association areas, including frontal and temporal cortices, caudate, amygdala and cerebellum [55–58].”
From Consensus Paper: Pathological Role of the Cerebellum in Autism (2012) · cites this paper as [57]
Specific genetic factors contribute to the development and function of specific brain structures, and distinct brain circuits may underlie different components of autism.
“This is consistent with the knowledge that specific genetic factors contribute to the development and function of specific brain structures, and that distinct brain circuits may underlie different components of autism [25].”
From Genetics of autism spectrum disorders (2011) · cites this paper as [25]
Endophenotypes represent one end of the continuum of the normal spectrum of behavior and cognition.
“A logical extension of this concept is that these endophenotypes represent one end of the continuum of the normal spectrum of behavior and cognition [25].”
From Genetics of autism spectrum disorders (2011) · cites this paper as [25]
The contributions of rare and common variants to ASD in an individual are not mutually exclusive.
“Last, it should also be emphasized that although they are often presented as dichotomous models, the contributions of rare and common variants to ASD in an individual are not mutually exclusive [25].”
From Genetics of autism spectrum disorders (2011) · cites this paper as [25]
Different rare variants may act as susceptibility or strongly causal alleles and, together with common variation, contribute in differing proportions to ASD risk in individual patients.
“Thus, different rare variants may act as either susceptibility or strongly causal alleles, and, in conjunction with common variation, may contribute in differing proportions to ASD risk in individual patients [25].”
From Genetics of autism spectrum disorders (2011) · cites this paper as [25]
The value of pathway enrichment analysis depends on how well the tested genes are experimentally supported and how accurately current pathway annotations reflect reality.
“The value of this approach depends on the level of experimental support for the specific genes tested and the degree to which current pathway annotations represent reality [25, 68].”
From Genetics of autism spectrum disorders (2011) · cites this paper as [25]
Most phenotypes in neurobiological studies are based on clinical and behavioural symptomatology rather than biological mechanism or aetiology.
“most phenotypes are based on clinical and behavioural symptomatology rather than on biological mechanism or aetiology22–24.”
From Systems biology and gene networks in neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders (2015) · cites this paper as [23]
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- Authors
- Geschwind, D. H.
- Affiliations
- University of California, Los Angeles (US)
- Corresponding author
- Geschwind, Daniel H.
- ORCID
- Geschwind, Daniel H.
- Venue
- Cell
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2008-10
- Volume
- 135
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 391-395
- ISSN
- 0092-8674 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC2756410
- OpenAlex
- W2171854303
- Cited by
- 328
- References
- 25
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 18 · 2019: 16 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 23 · 2016: 24 · 2015: 29 · 2014: 19 · 2013: 30 · 2012: 24
- FWCI
- 12.27
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
- www.elsevier.com/legal/tdmrep-license (tdm)
- www.elsevier.com/open-access/userlicense/1.0/ (vor, 1786 d)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-017 (stm-asf)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-037 (stm-asf)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-012 (stm-asf)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-029 (stm-asf)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-004 (stm-asf)
- Locations
- Cell (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH64547, R37 MH60233, R37MH060233, U54MH68172, U54MH068172, R01MH064547)
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (P50HD055784)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetics and Neurodevelopmental Disorders
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Developmental Neuroscience › Williams Syndrome Research
- Keywords
- autism spectrum disorder, genetic heterogeneity, neurodevelopmental disorders, genetic etiology, molecular pathways, brain circuits, intellectual disability, common pathogenic mechanisms
- MeSH terms
- Autistic Disorder, Humans, Mutation, Genetic Variation, Signal Transduction
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