Cited by 2,022interferon and immune responsesCancer Immunotherapy and BiomarkersEpigenetics and DNA Methylation

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 93 of the 94 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Inhibiting DNA Methylation Causes an Interferon Response in Cancer via dsRNA Including Endogenous Retroviruses

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Abstract

We show that DNA methyltransferase inhibitors (DNMTis) upregulate immune signaling in cancer through the viral defense pathway. In ovarian cancer (OC), DNMTis trigger cytosolic sensing of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) causing a type I interferon response and apoptosis. Knocking down dsRNA sensors TLR3 and MAVS reduces this response 2-fold and blocking interferon beta or its receptor abrogates it. Upregulation of hypermethylated endogenous retrovirus (ERV) genes accompanies the response and ERV overexpression activates the response. Basal levels of ERV and viral defense gene expression significantly correlate in primary OC and the latter signature separates primary samples for multiple tumor types from The Cancer Genome Atlas into low versus high expression groups. In melanoma patients treated with an immune checkpoint therapy, high viral defense signature expression in tumors significantly associates with durable clinical response and DNMTi treatment sensitizes to anti-CTLA4 therapy in a pre-clinical melanoma model.

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Crossref · 10.1016/j.cell.2015.07.011

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Metadata

Authors
Chiappinelli, K. B., Strissel, P. L., Desrichard, A., Li, H., Henke, C., Akman, B., Hein, A., Rote, N. S., Cope, L. M., Snyder, A., Makarov, V., Buhu, S., Slamon, D. J., Wolchok, J. D., Pardoll, D. M., Beckmann, M. W., Zahnow, C. A., Merghoub, T., Chan, T. A., Baylin, S. B., & Strick, R.
Affiliations
  • Johns Hopkins University (US)
  • Universitätsklinikum Erlangen (DE)
  • Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (US)
  • Case Western Reserve University (US)
  • University of California, Los Angeles (US)
Corresponding author
  • Baylin, Stephen B.
  • Strick, Reiner
Venue
Cell
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2015-08
Volume
162
Issue
5
Pages
974-986
ISSN
0092-8674 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W1953890763
Cited by
2,022
References
94
Citations by year
2026: 193 · 2025: 188 · 2024: 211 · 2023: 209 · 2022: 225 · 2021: 250 · 2020: 184 · 2019: 163 · 2018: 161 · 2017: 133 · 2016: 93 · 2015: 10
FWCI
65.10
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Cell (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders
National Cancer Institute (P50CA058184, CA058184, F32CA183214, P30CA008748)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › interferon and immune responses
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer Immunotherapy and Biomarkers
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Epigenetics and DNA Methylation
Keywords
hypomethylating agents, DNA methylation, type I interferon response, double-stranded RNA sensing, endogenous retroviruses, ovarian cancer, melanoma, TLR3, MAVS, interferon-beta, apoptosis, immune checkpoint therapy, CTLA-4, tumor immune microenvironment, epigenetic reprogramming
MeSH terms
Animals, Azacitidine, Female, Humans, Immunotherapy, Interferon Type I, Lung Neoplasms, Melanoma, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Ovarian Neoplasms, RNA, Double-Stranded, DNA Modification Methylases, DNA Methylation, Endogenous Retroviruses, Cell Line, Tumor, Mice

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