Preclinical Mouse Cancer Models: A Maze of Opportunities and Challenges
Open accessAbstract
Significant advances have been made in developing novel therapeutics for cancer treatment, and targeted therapies have revolutionized the treatment of some cancers. Despite the promise, only about five percent of new cancer drugs are approved, and most fail due to lack of efficacy. The indication is that current preclinical methods are limited in predicting successful outcomes. Such failure exacts enormous cost, both financial and in the quality of human life. This Primer explores the current status, promise, and challenges of preclinical evaluation in advanced mouse cancer models and briefly addresses emerging models for early-stage preclinical development.
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Animal models can imitate the TME to provide essential information regarding tumor growth and tumor response to drug compounds in vivo for the study of pharmacokinetics and mechanism of action after drug treatment.
“Alternatively, animal models, as the gold standard in cancer biology, can imitate the TME to provide essential information regarding tumor growth and tumor response to drug compounds in vivo for the study of the pharmacokinetics and mechanism of action after drug treatment26–30.”
From Tumor-on-a-chip: from bioinspired design to biomedical application (2021) · cites this paper as [30]
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- Authors
- Day, C.-P., Merlino, G., & Van Dyke, T.
- Affiliations
- National Institutes of Health (US)
- Corresponding author
- Merlino, Glenn
- Venue
- Cell
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2015-09
- Volume
- 163
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 39-53
- ISSN
- 0092-8674 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4583714
- OpenAlex
- W2162755712
- Cited by
- 676
- References
- 111
- Citations by year
- 2026: 68 · 2025: 64 · 2024: 56 · 2023: 57 · 2022: 66 · 2021: 78 · 2020: 85 · 2019: 77 · 2018: 68 · 2017: 32 · 2016: 23 · 2015: 2
- FWCI
- 4.43
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Cell (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- National Cancer Institute (Z01BC008756)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer Cells and Metastasis
- Health Sciences › Veterinary › Small Animals › Animal testing and alternatives
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Veterinary Oncology Research
- Keywords
- preclinical cancer models, mouse tumor model, translational oncology, drug development, targeted cancer therapy, preclinical evaluation, prediction model, drug approval
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Disease Models, Animal, Genetic Engineering, Neoplasm Transplantation, Neoplasms, Mice, Heterografts
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
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