The DOI matches its Crossref record; 73 of the 73 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; none of the 62 sources its claims cite is checked for support yet.
Dorsal Raphe Dopamine Neurons Represent the Experience of Social Isolation
Open accessAbstract
The motivation to seek social contact may arise from either positive or negative emotional states, as social interaction can be rewarding and social isolation can be aversive. While ventral tegmental area (VTA) dopamine (DA) neurons may mediate social reward, a cellular substrate for the negative affective state of loneliness has remained elusive. Here, we identify a functional role for DA neurons in the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN), in which we observe synaptic changes following acute social isolation. DRN DA neurons show increased activity upon social contact following isolation, revealed by in vivo calcium imaging. Optogenetic activation of DRN DA neurons increases social preference but causes place avoidance. Furthermore, these neurons are necessary for promoting rebound sociability following an acute period of isolation. Finally, the degree to which these neurons modulate behavior is predicted by social rank, together supporting a role for DRN dopamine neurons in mediating a loneliness-like state. PAPERCLIP.
Overview
AI snapshot
Written from the paper’s full text.
TL;DR
Dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) dopamine neurons undergo synaptic potentiation after 24 hr social isolation, increase activity upon first social contact, and are sufficient and necessary for isolation-induced sociability. Their activation promotes social preference but is aversive without a social target, suggesting they represent a loneliness-like state modulated by social rank.
Key findings
- 24 hr social isolation increased the AMPAR/NMDAR ratio in DRN DA neurons but not VTA DA neurons; isolated mice also showed a greater AMPAR rectification index and NASPM sensitivity, suggesting a relative increase in GluR2-lacking AMPARs.
- In vivo fiber photometry showed that socially isolated mice had a significantly greater DRN DA calcium signal in response to first contact with a juvenile mouse than group-housed mice, and greater than to a novel object.
- Optogenetic activation of DRN DA neurons increased social preference in the three-chamber task but did not support ICSS and produced real-time place avoidance and conditioned place avoidance; photoinhibition reduced social preference after isolation but not in group-housed mice.
- Social rank predicted behavioral effects: dominance positively correlated with activation-induced social preference and negatively with stimulation-zone preference, while photoinhibition reduced social preference more in dominant mice after isolation. DRN DA neurons also released DA and glutamate in dlBNST and CeA; EPSCs were elicited in 25/30 dlBNST neurons and 17/21 CeA neurons, and 77.7% of eYFP+ DRN neurons in TH::Cre mice and 79.8% in DAT::IRES-Cre mice co-labeled with TH.
Methods
- Ex vivo whole-cell patch-clamp electrophysiology in brain slices (220 μm) from male TH-GFP or Pitx3-GFP mice, measuring AMPAR/NMDAR ratio, rectification index, paired-pulse ratio, and NASPM sensitivity after 24 hr social isolation versus group housing.
- Fiber photometry in TH::Cre mice with AAV5-CAG-FLEX-GCaMP6m targeted to DRN DA neurons; GCaMP6m fluorescence was recorded in the home cage before and after introduction of a juvenile mouse or novel object.
- Optogenetic and behavioral experiments in TH::Cre and DAT::Cre mice with AAV5-DIO-ChR2-eYFP, AAV5-DIO-NpHR3.0-eYFP, or AAV5-DIO-eYFP in DRN; assays included three-chamber sociability, ICSS, real-time place avoidance, conditioned place preference, in vivo fast-scan cyclic voltammetry, and immunohistochemistry.
Limitations
- The paper states that “loneliness” per se is difficult to directly test in mice; it also states that it remains undetermined whether underlying neural differences cause social rank and/or whether social rank itself changes neuronal properties, and that CeA DA transients were inconsistent and did not adequately resolve as DA.
- Evident from the text: ex vivo electrophysiology used male mice, and dominance measures are described for males, so sex differences are not addressed.
- Evident from the text: social-rank effects are correlational, and the “loneliness-like state” interpretation is inferred from mouse behavior rather than directly measured subjective experience.
Model-written summary. Check it against the paper before relying on it.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
0 of 62 cited sources checked · 0 supported · 0 flagged
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Finally, the degree to which these neurons modulate behavior is predicted by social rank, together supporting a role for DRN dopamine neurons in mediating a loneliness-like state.”
§ Dorsal Raphe Dopamine Neurons Represent the Experience of Social Isolation > Abstract
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“DRN DA neurons show increased activity upon social contact following isolation, revealed by in vivo calcium imaging.”
§ Dorsal Raphe Dopamine Neurons Represent the Experience of Social Isolation > Abstract
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Optogenetic activation of DRN DA neurons increases social preference but causes place avoidance.”
§ Dorsal Raphe Dopamine Neurons Represent the Experience of Social Isolation > Abstract
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Furthermore, these neurons are necessary for promoting rebound sociability following an acute period of isolation.”
§ Dorsal Raphe Dopamine Neurons Represent the Experience of Social Isolation > Abstract
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Here, we identify a functional role for DA neurons in the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN), in which we observe synaptic changes following acute social isolation.”
§ Dorsal Raphe Dopamine Neurons Represent the Experience of Social Isolation > Abstract
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Optogenetic activation of DRN DA neurons increases social preference but causes place avoidance.”
§ Dorsal Raphe Dopamine Neurons Represent the Experience of Social Isolation > Abstract
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“We observed particularly dense terminal expression within the dorsolateral BNST (dlBNST) (Figure 3E) and the lateral part of the CeA (Figure 3F) and, therefore, tested the effects of optical activation of DRN DA neurons on these regions.”
§ Dorsal Raphe Dopamine Neurons Represent the Experience of Social Isolation > Results > DRN DA Neurons Release DA and Glutamate
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“However, in 3/23 dlBNST neurons and 4/24 CeA neurons we observed IPSC responses with a long and variable latency (Figures 4G and 4H), suggesting that terminal stimulation can activate GABAergic neurons to elicit a polysynaptic IPSC.”
§ Dorsal Raphe Dopamine Neurons Represent the Experience of Social Isolation > Results > DRN DA Neurons Release DA and Glutamate
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In TH::Cre mice we found that 77.7% of eYFP+ neurons co-labeled with TH using immunohistochemistry (Figures S2B, S2D, and S2F).”
§ Dorsal Raphe Dopamine Neurons Represent the Experience of Social Isolation > Results > DRN DA Neurons Release DA and Glutamate
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Optical stimulation of DRN DA neurons elicited DA release in both the dlBNST (Figure 3G) and the CeA (Figure 3H).”
§ Dorsal Raphe Dopamine Neurons Represent the Experience of Social Isolation > Results > DRN DA Neurons Release DA and Glutamate
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes
- It may state two separate claims as one. 13
- Probably not a substantial claim. 20
- The quote only partly states this claim. 1
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Consistent with our recording results, neither NpHR- nor eYFP-expressing mice showed a significant difference in the proportion of time spent in the social zone with optical inhibition (Figure 6A and 6B).”
§ Dorsal Raphe Dopamine Neurons Represent the Experience of Social Isolation > Results > Photoinhibition of DRN DA Neurons Reduces Isolation-Induced Sociability
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“We compared data from mice that either remained group-housed or experienced social isolation and found that the magnitude of the AMPAR/NMDAR ratio was positively correlated with the number of previous cagemates in socially isolated, but not continually group-housed, mice (Figures 7A and 7B).”
§ Dorsal Raphe Dopamine Neurons Represent the Experience of Social Isolation > Results > Prior Social Experience Predicts Functional Role of DRN DA Neurons
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“However, in the CeA, transients were inconsistent and signals did not adequately resolve as DA, perhaps suggesting DA release just below the FSCV detection threshold (Figures 3G and 3H).”
§ Dorsal Raphe Dopamine Neurons Represent the Experience of Social Isolation > Results > DRN DA Neurons Release DA and Glutamate
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Furthermore, using additional behavioral assays, we found that optical stimulation of DRN DA neurons had no detectable effect on locomotion, novelty preference, or anxiety-related behavior (Figures S5I–S5X).”
§ Dorsal Raphe Dopamine Neurons Represent the Experience of Social Isolation > Results > Optogenetic Activation of DRN DA Neurons Mimics a Loneliness-like State
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Social interactions can be rewarding and thereby recruit components of the brain’s reward circuitry, including the ventral tegmental area (VTA) dopamine (DA) neurons and the nucleus accumbens (NAc) (Dölen et al., 2013, Gunaydin et al., 2014, Robinson et al., 2002).”
§ Dorsal Raphe Dopamine Neurons Represent the Experience of Social Isolation > Introduction
What the sources say
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Taken together, we propose that DRN DA neurons represent a neural substrate for the subjective experience of social isolation and serve to promote a response to alleviate this aversive state.”
- Also stated in: § Abstract · hedged
“supporting a role for DRN dopamine neurons in mediating a loneliness-like state.”
§ Dorsal Raphe Dopamine Neurons Represent the Experience of Social Isolation > Introduction
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: The behavioral and neural state induced by acute social isolation in mice corresponds to the subjective experience of loneliness in humans.
- Also stated in: § Abstract · hedged
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“The TH+ DRN neurons have been confirmed as DAergic as they express aromatic L-amino decarboxylase (AADC), the enzyme that catalyzes conversion of L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine, the product of TH, to DA (Lu et al., 2006) and the DA transporter (DAT) (Dougalis et al., 2012).”
§ Dorsal Raphe Dopamine Neurons Represent the Experience of Social Isolation > Results > DRN DA Neurons Release DA and Glutamate
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Lu et al., 2006
- Not checked yetcites Dougalis et al., 2012 source
Load-bearingStrength:boosted· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Furthermore, DRN TH+ neurons lack dopamine-β-hydroxylase, which is necessary to convert DA to norepinephrine (Nagatsu et al., 1979), and do not express 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) (Stratford and Wirtshafter, 1990).”
§ Dorsal Raphe Dopamine Neurons Represent the Experience of Social Isolation > Results > DRN DA Neurons Release DA and Glutamate
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Nagatsu et al., 1979 source
- Not checked yetcites Stratford and Wirtshafter, 1990
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“We posit that this recapitulates a loneliness-like state, in which social approach is driven to alleviate the aversive state associated with social isolation.”
§ Dorsal Raphe Dopamine Neurons Represent the Experience of Social Isolation > Results > Optogenetic Activation of DRN DA Neurons Mimics a Loneliness-like State
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: The behavioral and neural state induced by acute social isolation in mice corresponds to the subjective experience of loneliness in humans.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In sum, we find that increasing activity of DRN DA neurons in group-housed mice promotes social preference but also elicits a negative affective state in the absence of a social target.”
§ Dorsal Raphe Dopamine Neurons Represent the Experience of Social Isolation > Results > Optogenetic Activation of DRN DA Neurons Mimics a Loneliness-like State
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Rodents are innately social creatures and prefer social rather than isolate housing (Loo et al., 2001).”
§ Dorsal Raphe Dopamine Neurons Represent the Experience of Social Isolation > Introduction
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Loo et al., 2001 source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In the DRN, ChR2-expressing neurons reliably followed these photostimulation parameters (Figure 3D).”
§ Dorsal Raphe Dopamine Neurons Represent the Experience of Social Isolation > Results > DRN DA Neurons Release DA and Glutamate
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesThe quote only partly states this claim.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Social isolation, social exclusion, or feelings of social disconnection can lead to loneliness, which is a strongly aversive emotional state in humans and detrimental to physical and mental well-being (Cacioppo et al., 2006, Cacioppo et al., 2014, Holt-Lunstad et al., 2010, House et al., 1988).”
§ Dorsal Raphe Dopamine Neurons Represent the Experience of Social Isolation > Introduction
What the sources say
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Social isolation, social exclusion, or feelings of social disconnection can lead to loneliness, which is a strongly aversive emotional state in humans and detrimental to physical and mental well-being (Cacioppo et al., 2006, Cacioppo et al., 2014, Holt-Lunstad et al., 2010, House et al., 1988).”
§ Dorsal Raphe Dopamine Neurons Represent the Experience of Social Isolation > Introduction
What the sources say
Strength:boosted· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“However, since optogenetic activation of VTA DA neurons increases social interaction (Gunaydin et al., 2014) and supports positive reinforcement (Tsai et al., 2009, Witten et al., 2011), they are thought to play a causal role in social reward.”
§ Dorsal Raphe Dopamine Neurons Represent the Experience of Social Isolation > Introduction
What the sources say
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Perceived social isolation (or loneliness) reflects the quality of an individual’s social interactions (Hawkley et al., 2008, Peplau, 1978) rather than their quantity or frequency.”
§ Dorsal Raphe Dopamine Neurons Represent the Experience of Social Isolation > Discussion > The Subjective Experience of Social Isolation
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Hawkley et al., 2008 source
- Not checked yetcites Peplau, 1978
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“the motivation for social re-connection was hypothesized to be “sensitive to satiation patterns” (Baumeister and Leary, 1995).”
§ Dorsal Raphe Dopamine Neurons Represent the Experience of Social Isolation > Discussion > Satisfying the Profile of a Neural Substrate for a Loneliness-like State
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Baumeister and Leary, 1995 source
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim.
In the paper
“while in mice, altering synaptic efficacy in the mPFC is sufficient to promote a change in social rank (Wang et al., 2011).”
§ Dorsal Raphe Dopamine Neurons Represent the Experience of Social Isolation > Discussion > The Subjective Experience of Social Isolation
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Wang et al., 2011 source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“distinct neural circuits are thought to motivate food consumption related to the rewarding value of food (Nieh et al., 2015)”
§ Dorsal Raphe Dopamine Neurons Represent the Experience of Social Isolation > Discussion > Satisfying the Profile of a Neural Substrate for a Loneliness-like State
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Nieh et al., 2015 source
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“DA receptor signaling in these regions modulates synaptic transmission and activity (Kash et al., 2008, de la Mora et al., 2010).”
§ Dorsal Raphe Dopamine Neurons Represent the Experience of Social Isolation > Discussion > Characterizing Components of the DRN DA Circuit
What the sources say
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“suggests that these neurons either play a role in detecting or in reconciling the disparity between the current and desired social environment.”
§ Dorsal Raphe Dopamine Neurons Represent the Experience of Social Isolation > Discussion > Satisfying the Profile of a Neural Substrate for a Loneliness-like State
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“It has been hypothesized that the “need to belong” represents a powerful motivational drive, comparable to the basic need for food in a state of hunger (Baumeister and Leary, 1995).”
§ Dorsal Raphe Dopamine Neurons Represent the Experience of Social Isolation > Discussion > Satisfying the Profile of a Neural Substrate for a Loneliness-like State
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Baumeister and Leary, 1995 source
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✗ Asserted: fails✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The authors may not put it forward as true. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“the neuropeptide vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) is co-expressed in a subset of DA neurons (Dougalis et al., 2012).”
§ Dorsal Raphe Dopamine Neurons Represent the Experience of Social Isolation > Discussion > Characterizing Components of the DRN DA Circuit
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Dougalis et al., 2012 source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“the BNST has been associated with mediating long-term “tonic” behavioral responses to sustained, diffuse, and/or unpredictable threats”
§ Dorsal Raphe Dopamine Neurons Represent the Experience of Social Isolation > Discussion > Characterizing Components of the DRN DA Circuit
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Davis et al., 2010 source
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Thus, DA, glutamate, VIP, or the coordinated activity of these three neurotransmitters/neuromodulators may be important in facilitating the output of the DRN DA neurons.”
§ Dorsal Raphe Dopamine Neurons Represent the Experience of Social Isolation > Discussion > Characterizing Components of the DRN DA Circuit
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:conditional· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This suggests that activation of these neurons may be recapitulating a loneliness-like state, which is marked by a negative-affective state in which the drive to seek social contact is increased.”
§ Dorsal Raphe Dopamine Neurons Represent the Experience of Social Isolation > Discussion > Satisfying the Profile of a Neural Substrate for a Loneliness-like State
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Thus, in a similar manner, social behavior may be driven by distinct neural circuits when motivated by social reward and when motivated by the punishment of social isolation.”
§ Dorsal Raphe Dopamine Neurons Represent the Experience of Social Isolation > Discussion > Satisfying the Profile of a Neural Substrate for a Loneliness-like State
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:conditional· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“and the need to obtain food to alleviate the negative state of hunger (Chen et al., 2015, Sternson et al., 2013).”
§ Dorsal Raphe Dopamine Neurons Represent the Experience of Social Isolation > Discussion > Satisfying the Profile of a Neural Substrate for a Loneliness-like State
What the sources say
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“The BNST and the CeA have been implicated in diverse behavioral functions (Davis et al., 2010, Janak and Tye, 2015, Kim et al., 2013)”
§ Dorsal Raphe Dopamine Neurons Represent the Experience of Social Isolation > Discussion > Characterizing Components of the DRN DA Circuit
What the sources say
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“whereas the CeA is thought to be more important in the rapid, acute response to threatening stimuli (Davis et al., 2010)”
§ Dorsal Raphe Dopamine Neurons Represent the Experience of Social Isolation > Discussion > Characterizing Components of the DRN DA Circuit
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Davis et al., 2010 source
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“While “loneliness” per se is difficult to directly test in mice, and consequently, the lack of animal literature on this phenomenon is noted (Cacioppo et al., 2014)”
§ Dorsal Raphe Dopamine Neurons Represent the Experience of Social Isolation > Discussion > The Subjective Experience of Social Isolation
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Cacioppo et al., 2014 source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✗ Checkable: fails✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“it has been postulated that the motivation for social re-connection should elicit “goal-orientated behavior” (Baumeister and Leary, 1995).”
§ Dorsal Raphe Dopamine Neurons Represent the Experience of Social Isolation > Discussion > Satisfying the Profile of a Neural Substrate for a Loneliness-like State
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Baumeister and Leary, 1995 source
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim.
The paper relies on this without support.
The behavioral and neural state induced by acute social isolation in mice corresponds to the subjective experience of loneliness in humans.
“Taken together, we propose that DRN DA neurons represent a neural substrate for the subjective experience of social isolation and serve to promote a response to alleviate this aversive state.”
“supporting a role for DRN dopamine neurons in mediating a loneliness-like state.”
The paper relies on this without support.
The subjective experience of social interaction differs between members of a social group depending on their social rank.
“As a result, the subjective experience of social interaction is likely to differ between members of a social group dependent on their social rank.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Social rank offers a useful estimate of an individual's subjective social experience.
“social rank offers a useful estimate of an individual’s subjective social experience.”
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Notably, social rank also predicted the magnitude of behavioral effects elicited upon DRN dopamine manipulations in mice118.”
From Neural mechanisms of social homeostasis (2019) · cites this paper as [118]
In the citing paper
“However, the behavioral change observed in these assays was greater in dominant animals relative to subordinates118.”
From Neural mechanisms of social homeostasis (2019) · cites this paper as [118]
In the citing paper
“This observation suggests that prior social experience may influence the ability of the DRN dopamine neurons to modulate behavior.”
From Neural mechanisms of social homeostasis (2019) · cites this paper as [118]
In the citing paper
“The DRN dopamine system might be one source of negative motivational drive in response to social deficit118.”
From Neural mechanisms of social homeostasis (2019) · cites this paper as [118]
In the citing paper
“These neurons are also Vglut2+ at neonatal timepoints [13], consistent with functional data showing glutamate co-transmission from PAG/DR DA neurons in the adult [47,48].”
From Classification of midbrain dopamine neurons using single-cell gene expression profiling approaches (2020) · cites this paper as [47]
In the citing paper
“inhibition of DR DA neurons promoted social avoidance only following an experience of social isolation [154].”
From Neural circuits regulating prosocial behaviors (2023) · cites this paper as [154]
In the citing paper
“acute social isolation stress was found to induce synaptic adaptations on DA neurons in the DR, but not in the VTA [154].”
From Neural circuits regulating prosocial behaviors (2023) · cites this paper as [154]
In the citing paper
“it was not observed after a brief 24-hr period of social isolation, as expected from previous work (Matthews et al., 2016; Figure 1—figure supplement 1A, B).”
From Oxytocin neurons mediate the effect of social isolation via the VTA circuits (2022) · cites this paper as Matthews et al., 2016
In the citing paper
“While in rodents, 24 hr of social isolation does not change synaptic strength onto DA neurons of the VTA (Matthews et al., 2016)”
From Oxytocin neurons mediate the effect of social isolation via the VTA circuits (2022) · cites this paper as Matthews et al., 2016
In the citing paper
“Brief periods of acute social isolation have been reported to activate midbrain regions in humans (Tomova et al., 2020) and increase DA neurons’ activity within the dorsal Raphe nucleus (DRN) in mice (Matthews et al., 2016).”
From Oxytocin neurons mediate the effect of social isolation via the VTA circuits (2022) · cites this paper as Matthews et al., 2016
In the citing paper
“Remarkably, acute social isolation during adulthood changes the synaptic strength at excitatory inputs onto DA neurons of the DRN in rodents, leaving synaptic transmission onto DA neurons of the VTA unaltered (Matthews et al., 2016).”
From Oxytocin neurons mediate the effect of social isolation via the VTA circuits (2022) · cites this paper as Matthews et al., 2016
Citations
Cites
The need to belong: Desire for interpersonal attachments as a fundamental human motivation.
Baumeister, R. F., & Leary, M. R. (1995) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037//0033-2909.117.3.497 · Cited by 23,245
Social Relationships and Mortality Risk: A Meta-analytic Review
Holt-Lunstad, J., Smith, T. B., & Layton, J. B. (2010) · PLoS Medicine · doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1000316 · Cited by 7,272 · cited 2×
“Social isolation, social exclusion, or feelings of social disconnection can lead to loneliness, which is a strongly aversive emotional state in humans and detrimental to physical and mental well-being (Cacioppo et al., 2006, 2014; Holt-Lunstad et al., 2010; House et al., 1988).”
BackgroundSocial Relationships and Health
House, J. S., Landis, K. R., & Umberson, D. (1988) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.3399889 · Cited by 7,073
Ultrasensitive fluorescent proteins for imaging neuronal activity
Chen, T.-W., Wardill, T. J., Sun, Y., Pulver, S. R., Renninger, S. L., Baohan, A., Schreiter, E. R., Kerr, R. A., Orger, M. B., Jayaraman, V., et al. (2013) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature12354 · Cited by 6,474
Self-esteem as an interpersonal monitor: The sociometer hypothesis
Leary, M. R., Tambor, E. S., Terdal, S. K., & Downs, D. L. (1995) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.68.3.518 · Cited by 2,519
Cacioppo, J. T., Hughes, M. E., Waite, L. J., Hawkley, L. C., & Thisted, R. A. (2006) · Psychology and Aging · doi:10.1037/0882-7974.21.1.140 · Cited by 2,380
From circuits to behaviour in the amygdala
Janak, P. H., & Tye, K. M. (2015) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature14188 · Cited by 2,011 · cited 2×
“The BNST and the CeA have been implicated in diverse behavioral functions (Davis et al., 2010; Janak and Tye, 2015; Kim et al., 2013), and DA receptor signaling in these regions modulates synaptic transmission and activity (Kash et al., 2008; de la Mora et al., 2010).”
BackgroundSelf-citationSwanson, L. W. (1982) · Brain Research Bulletin · doi:10.1016/0361-9230(82)90145-9 · Cited by 1,718
Moy, S. S., Nadler, J. J., Perez, A., Barbaro, R. P., Johns, J. M., Magnuson, T. R., Piven, J., & Crawley, J. N. (2004) · Genes, Brain and Behavior · doi:10.1111/j.1601-1848.2004.00076.x · Cited by 1,522 · cited 1×
“We assessed social preference utilizing the three-chamber sociability task, in which time spent on the ‘‘social’’ side of the chamber (containing a juvenile mouse under a wire cup) is used as a measure of sociability (Moy et al., 2004; Silverman et al., 2010).”
MethodPhasic vs Sustained Fear in Rats and Humans: Role of the Extended Amygdala in Fear vs Anxiety
Davis, M., Walker, D. L., Miles, L., & Grillon, C. (2010) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/npp.2009.109 · Cited by 1,513 · cited 2×
“The BNST and the CeA have been implicated in diverse behavioral functions (Davis et al., 2010; Janak and Tye, 2015; Kim et al., 2013), and DA receptor signaling in these regions modulates synaptic transmission and activity (Kash et al., 2008; de la Mora et al., 2010).”
Background
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 201–300 of 397
Zhao, X., Chae, Y. C., Smith, D., Chen, V., DeFelipe, D., Sokol, J. W., Sadangi, A., & Tschida, K. (2024) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.94924.3 · Cited by 13
Deng, X., Xu, W., Liu, Y., Jing, H., Zhong, J., Sun, K., Zhou, R., Xu, L., Wu, X., Zhang, B., et al. (2025) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/s41593-025-01951-0 · Cited by 14
Kappa Opioid Signaling at the Crossroads of Chronic Pain and Opioid Addiction
Cahill, C. M., Lueptow, L. M., Kim, H., Shusharla, R., Bishop, A., & Evans, C. J. (2021) · Handbook of experimental pharmacology · doi:10.1007/164_2021_434 · Cited by 12
Melchior, J. R., Perez, R. E., Salimando, G. J., Luchsinger, J. R., Basu, A., & Winder, D. G. (2021) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.0284-21.2021 · Cited by 12
Individual differences in social attachment: A multi‐disciplinary perspective
Gustison, M. L., & Phelps, S. M. (2022) · Genes Brain & Behavior · doi:10.1111/gbb.12792 · Cited by 15
Grieb, Z. A., & Lonstein, J. S. (2021) · Journal of Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1111/jne.12926 · Cited by 12
Multiple dimensions of social motivation in adult female degus
Lidhar, N. K., Thakur, A., David, A.-J., Takehara‐Nishiuchi, K., & Insel, N. (2021) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0250219 · Cited by 13
A genetic screen for Drosophila social isolation mutants and analysis of sex pistol
Eddison, M. (2021) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-021-96871-x · Cited by 12
Seabrook, L. T., Peterson, C., Noble, D., Sobey, M., Tayyab, T., Kenney, T., Judge, A., Armstrong, M., Lin, S., & Borgland, S. L. (2023) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.0831-23.2023 · Cited by 15
Adenosine A2A Receptors Link Astrocytic α1-Adrenergic Signaling to Wake-Promoting Dopamine Neurons
Petersen, N., McCann, K. E., Stavarache, M. A., Kim, L. Y., Weinshenker, D., & Winder, D. G. (2024) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2024.09.030 · Cited by 11
Honda, H., & Kita, T. (2021) · Health & Social Care in the Community · doi:10.1111/hsc.13610 · Cited by 12
Role of Calcr expressing neurons in the medial amygdala in social contact among females
Fukumitsu, K., Huang, A. J. Y., McHugh, T. J., & Kuroda, K. O. (2023) · Molecular Brain · doi:10.1186/s13041-023-00993-4 · Cited by 11
Allen, A., Heisler, E., & Kittelberger, J. M. (2023) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2023.114131 · Cited by 10
Petersen, C. L., Davis, S. E. D., Patel, B., & Hurley, L. M. (2021) · eNeuro · doi:10.1523/eneuro.0247-20.2021 · Cited by 11
Social Isolation Rearing Induces Neuropsychiatric Diseases: Updated Overview
Famitafreshi, H., & Karimian, M. (2018) · Complex Psychiatry · doi:10.1159/000495659 · Cited by 11
Pharmacology of the Bed Nucleus of the Stria Terminalis
Glangetas, C., & Georges, F. E. (2016) · Current Pharmacology Reports · doi:10.1007/s40495-016-0077-7 · Cited by 10
Effects of a social stimulus on gene expression in a mouse model of fragile X syndrome
Rogers, T. D., Anacker, A. M. J., Kerr, T. M., Forsberg, C. G., Wang, J., Zhang, B., & Veenstra-VanderWeele, J. M. (2017) · Molecular Autism · doi:10.1186/s13229-017-0148-6 · Cited by 11
Fee, A., McIlfatrick, S., & Ryan, A. A. (2021) · Ageing and Society · doi:10.1017/s0144686x21000854 · Cited by 12
Serotonin neurons integrate GABA and dopamine inputs to regulate meal initiation
Conde, K., Wong, H., Fang, S., Li, Y., Yu, M., Deng, Y., Liu, Q., Fang, X., Wang, M., Shi, Y., et al. (2024) · Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.metabol.2024.156099 · Cited by 9
Reward contingency gates selective cholinergic suppression of amygdala neurons
Kimchi, E. Y., Burgos-Robles, A., Matthews, G. A., Chakoma, T. L., Patarino, M., Weddington, J., Siciliano, C. A., Yang, W., Foutch, S., Simons, R., et al. (2023) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.89093 · Cited by 19
Self-citationAggression modulator: Understanding the multifaceted role of the dorsal raphe nucleus
Mitsui, K., & Takahashi, A. (2024) · BioEssays · doi:10.1002/bies.202300213 · Cited by 9
Viral vector strategies for investigating midbrain dopamine circuits underlying motivated behaviors
Pinto, D. F. C., & Lammel, S. (2017) · Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.pbb.2017.02.006 · Cited by 12
Török, B., Fodor, A., Klausz, B., Varga, J. M., & Zelena, D. (2021) · European Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174383 · Cited by 9
Aging reduces motivation through decreased Bdnf expression in the ventral tegmental area
Lei, H. C., Parker, K. E., Kuo, C., Yuede, C. M., McCall, J. G., & Imai, S. (2025) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41380-025-03253-0 · Cited by 9
Neural Contributions of the Hypothalamus to Parental Behaviour
Orikasa, C. (2021) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms22136998 · Cited by 8
Dorsal Raphe 5-HT Neurons Utilize, But Do Not Generate, Negative Aversive Prediction Errors
Walker, R. A., Suthard, R. L., Perison, T. N., Sheehan, N. M., Dwyer, C. C., Lee, J. K., Enabulele, E. K., Ray, M. H., & McDannald, M. A. (2022) · eNeuro · doi:10.1523/eneuro.0132-21.2022 · Cited by 11
Lv, Z., Zhang, Y., Zhang, L., Hou, W., Lin, M., Xun, Y., Ma, H., Li, Y., Li, Y., Tai, F., et al. (2022) · Brain Research Bulletin · doi:10.1016/j.brainresbull.2022.04.016 · Cited by 8
Circuits underlying social function and dysfunction
Wang, Z., Yueh, H., Chau, M., Veenstra-VanderWeele, J. M., & O’Reilly, K. C. (2023) · Autism Research · doi:10.1002/aur.2978 · Cited by 9
Effect of nucleus accumbens lesions on socially motivated behaviour of young domestic chicks
Zachár, G., Tóth, A. S., Balogh, M., & Csillag, A. (2016) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1111/ejn.13402 · Cited by 8
Separable dorsal raphe dopamine projections mimic the facets of a loneliness-like statePreprint
Lee, C. R., Matthews, G. A., Lemieux, M., Wasserlein, E. M., Borio, M., Miranda, R. L., Keyes, L. R., Schneider, G. P., Jia, C., Tran, A., et al. (2025) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.105955 · Cited by 9
Self-citationMavrych, V., Mansour, G. K., Hajjar, A. W., & Bolgova, O. (2025) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms27010084 · Cited by 10
Boi, L., Johansson, Y., Tonini, R., Moratalla, R., Fisone, G., & Silberberg, G. (2023) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.90278 · Cited by 15
Acute isolation is associated with increased reward seeking and reward learning in human adolescents
Tomova, L., Towner, E., Thomas, K., Zhang, L., Palminteri, S., & Blakemore, S. (2025) · Communications Psychology · doi:10.1038/s44271-025-00306-6 · Cited by 6
Design and Control of a Miniature Quadruped Rat-inspired Robot
Wang, S., Shi, Q., Gao, J., Wang, Y., Meng, F., Li, C., Huang, Q., & Fukuda, T. (2019) · IEEE/ASME International Conference on Advanced Intelligent Mechatronics · doi:10.1109/aim.2019.8868662 · Cited by 7
Improve the spatial resolution of fiber photometry by μLED linear array for fluorescence detection
Li, Y., Zhan, L., Wang, Y., Chen, R., Yang, X., Wu, X., Wang, Y., Chen, H., Xu, C., & Pei, W. (2021) · Sensors and Actuators A Physical · doi:10.1016/j.sna.2021.112948 · Cited by 7
Impacts of sex differences on optogenetic, chemogenetic, and calcium imaging tools
Salazar, V. I. C., Perez, M. D., Robison, A., & Trainor, B. (2023) · Current Opinion in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/j.conb.2023.102817 · Cited by 6
Reward contingency gates selective cholinergic suppression of amygdala neurons
Kimchi, E. Y., Burgos-Robles, A., Matthews, G. A., Chakoma, T. L., Patarino, M., Weddington, J., Siciliano, C. A., Yang, W., Foutch, S., Simons, R., et al. (2024) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.89093.2 · Cited by 7
Self-citationCalcium Imaging in Drug Discovery for Psychiatric Disorders
Seshadri, S., Hoeppner, D. J., & Tajinda, K. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00713 · Cited by 7
Analytical and empirical measurement of fiber photometry signal volume in brain tissuePreprint
Pisanello, M., Pisano, F., Hyun, M., Maglie, E., Balena, A., Vittorio, M. D., Sabatini, B. L., & Pisanello, F. (2018) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1807.03023 · Cited by 7
Yin, Y., Hu, J., Wu, H., Yang, X., Qi, J., Huang, L., Luo, Z.-Y., Jin, S., Hu, N.-Y., Luo, Z.-C., et al. (2025) · Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B · doi:10.1016/j.apsb.2025.07.034 · Cited by 7
How dopamine guides our social world
Padilla-Coreano, N., & Martínez-Rivera, F. J. (2025) · Pharmacological Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.pharmr.2025.100085 · Cited by 6
Genetically encoded sensors for in vivo detection of neurochemicals relevant to depression
Zhao, Y., Wan, J., & Li, Y. (2024) · Journal of Neurochemistry · doi:10.1111/jnc.16046 · Cited by 6
Regulation of stress-induced sleep perturbations by dorsal raphe VGLUT3 neurons in male mice
Henderson, F. J., Dumas, S., Gangarossa, G., Bernard, V., Pujol, M., Poirel, O., Pietrancosta, N., Mestikawy, S. E., Daumas, S., & Fabre, V. (2024) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114411 · Cited by 8
Metal-organic framework mimetic enzymes: Exploring new horizons in brain chemistry
Liu, C., Wang, Y., Bao, Y., & Lin, Y. (2024) · Chinese Chemical Letters · doi:10.1016/j.cclet.2024.110652 · Cited by 6
Dorsal raphe GABA-ergic neurons regulate the susceptibility to social transfer of pain in mice
Ai, L., Han, Y., Ge, T., Sha, S., Zhai, X., Ji, R., Zhou, Y., Chen, D., Xie, A., Zhang, W., et al. (2025) · Acta Pharmacologica Sinica · doi:10.1038/s41401-025-01494-x · Cited by 6
Social isolation as a laboratory model of depression
Ünal, G. (2021) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-824289-6.00005-2 · Cited by 6
Fukumitsu, K., & Kuroda, K. O. (2023) · Neuroscience Research · doi:10.1016/j.neures.2023.04.001 · Cited by 7
Increased social interaction in Shank2-deficient mice following acute social isolation
Choi, J. E., & Kaang, B. (2023) · Molecular Brain · doi:10.1186/s13041-023-01025-x · Cited by 6
Zhao, F., & Behnisch, T. (2023) · Biomedicines · doi:10.3390/biomedicines11071996 · Cited by 6
Song, B.-L., Zhou, J., Jiang, Y., Li, L., & Liu, Y.-J. (2023) · Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2023.109735 · Cited by 5
Motion evaluation of a modified multi-link robotic rat
Li, C., Shi, Q., Li, K., Zou, M., Ishii, H., Takanishi, A., Huang, Q., & Fukuda, T. (2017) · IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS) · doi:10.1109/iros.2017.8206053 · Cited by 6
Sun, G., Song, Z., Peng, X., Chen, P., Song, Y., Qin, X., Hua, R., & Zhang, Y. (2021) · Journal of Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1177/0269881120985183 · Cited by 6
Lin, S., Du, Y., Xia, Y., Xie, Y., Xiao, L., & Wang, G. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.950910 · Cited by 7
For neuroscience, social history matters
George, A., Padilla-Coreano, N., & Opendak, M. M. (2023) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/s41386-023-01566-8 · Cited by 5
Acute stress induces long-lasting alterations in the dopaminergic system of female micePreprint
Wichmann, R., Weele, C. M. V., Yosafat, A. S., Schut, E. H. S., Verharen, J. P. H., Sridharma, S., Siciliano, C. A., Izadmehr, E. M., Farris, K. M., Wildes, C. P., et al. (2017) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/168492 · Cited by 6
Self-citationAl-Kachak, A., Fulton, S. L., Salvo, G. D., Chan, J. C., Farrelly, L. A., Lepack, A. E., Bastle, R. M., Kong, L., Cathomas, F., Newman, E. L., et al. (2023) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2023.05.04.539464 · Cited by 6
Dorsal raphe neurons signal integrated value during multi-attribute decision-makingPreprint
Feng, Y.-Y., Bromberg-Martin, E. S., & Monosov, I. E. (2023) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2023.08.17.553745 · Cited by 6
Familiarity Gates Socially Transmitted Aggression via the Medial Amygdala
Adjei, M. P., Qasem, E., Aaflaq, S., Jacobs, J. T., Skinner, S., Summa, F., Spotanski, C., Thompson, R., Aholt, M. L., Lineberry, T., et al. (2025) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.1018-25.2025 · Cited by 5
Evidence for the involvement of a fronto-striatal pathway in the processing of social reward
Lin, K., & Coutellier, L. D. (2025) · Progress in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/j.pneurobio.2025.102834 · Cited by 6
Neural control of sex differences in affiliative and prosocial behaviors
Mikulovic, S., & Lenschow, C. (2025) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2025.106039 · Cited by 5
Chronic Ethanol Exposure Modulates Periaqueductal Gray to Extended Amygdala Dopamine Circuit
Pati, D., Downs, A. M., McElligott, Z. A., & Kash, T. L. (2022) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.1219-22.2022 · Cited by 5
The impact of Covid-19 on how core and peripheral service satisfaction impacts customer satisfaction
Kübler, R. V., & Seggie, S. H. (2024) · Journal of business research · doi:10.1016/j.jbusres.2024.114784 · Cited by 5
Luna-Padilla, J. A., Cortés, J. A. G., Villalva-Sánchez, Á. F., & Betancourt, J. T. S. (2022) · Psicología y Salud · doi:10.25009/pys.v32i2.2751 · Cited by 4
Stress History Modulates Corticotropin-Releasing Factor Neurons to Establish Resilience
Haynes, S. E., Lacagnina, A. F., Seo, H. S., Fang, L., Yang, X., Afzal, M. F., Morel, C., Menigoz, A., Rajan, K., Clem, R. L., et al. (2025) · Biological Psychiatry Global Open Science · doi:10.1016/j.bpsgos.2025.100656 · Cited by 5
Mansy, M. M., Kim, H., & Oweiss, K. G. (2019) · International IEEE/EMBS Conference on Neural Engineering · doi:10.1109/ner.2019.8717005 · Cited by 5
Costa, A., Monti, J. M., & Torterolo, P. (2020) · Journal of Chemical Neuroanatomy · doi:10.1016/j.jchemneu.2020.101769 · Cited by 5
Rahn, A., Bennett, C., Lykins, A. D., & Jones, T. M. (2018) · RUNE (Research UNE) · Cited by 5
Overlapping representations of food and social stimuli in VTA dopamine neuronsPreprint
Willmore, L., Minerva, A. R., Engelhard, B., Murugan, M., McMannon, B., Oak, N., Thiberge, S. Y., Peña, C. J., & Witten, I. B. (2023) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2023.05.17.541104 · Cited by 5
Mutlu, A. K., Serneels, B., Wiest, C., Trinh, A.-T., Bardenhewer, R., Palumbo, F., Frisvold, O. B., Aukrust, I. K. F., Ostenrath, A. M., & Yaksi, E. (2025) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2025.03.06.641626 · Cited by 5
Integration of medical care and elderly care: Chinese experience and outcomes of older adults
Zhang, C., Lei, X., & Chen, Y. (2025) · China Economic Review · doi:10.1016/j.chieco.2025.102641 · Cited by 4
Castro-Vildosola, J., Bryan, C.-A., Tajamal, N., Jonnalagadda, S. A., Kasturi, A., Tilly, J., García, I., Kumar, R., Fried, N. T., Hala, T. J., et al. (2024) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2024.12.001 · Cited by 6
Zhai, J., Zhang, X., Wang, X., Xu, Z., Yao, X., Zhang, Y., Fan, L., Wu, L., & Wang, J. (2025) · Communications Biology · doi:10.1038/s42003-025-08417-w · Cited by 4
Unveiling the enigma of anxiety disorders and depression: from pathogenesis to treatment
Pan, H., Xia, T., Zhang, Y., Zhang, H., Xu, M., Guo, J., Liu, Y., Bai, X.-Y., Liu, Q., Liu, W.-Z., et al. (2025) · Science China Life Sciences · doi:10.1007/s11427-025-3024-y · Cited by 5
Jo, Y. S., Kong, M.-S., Sethi, E., Pyeon, G. H., & Zweifel, L. S. (2026) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2522768123 · Cited by 7
Neurobiology and neuropharmacology of zebrafish social behavior
Apukhtin, K. V., Riga, V. D., Kotova, M. M., Galstyan, D. S., Yang, L., Cui, J., Lim, L. W., de Abreu, M. S., & Kalueff, A. V. (2026) · Journal of Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1177/02698811251413496 · Cited by 4
Enhanced social motivation in briefly isolated male rats
Toyoshima, M., & Yamada, K. (2023) · IBRO Neuroscience Reports · doi:10.1016/j.ibneur.2023.08.2195 · Cited by 5
Zhang, P., Yan, J., Jiao, W., Li, Y., & Sun, C. (2023) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2023.10.080 · Cited by 4
Comparative Perspectives on Neuropeptide Function and Social Isolation
Asahina, K., & Zelikowsky, M. (2025) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2025.01.019 · Cited by 4
Zhang, L., Meng, S., Huang, E., Di, T., Ding, Z., Huang, S., Chen, W., Zhang, J., Zhao, S., Yuwen, T., et al. (2024) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41398-024-02895-y · Cited by 4
Lewis, S. (2016) · Nature reviews. Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn.2016.26 · Cited by 4
Dorsal raphe oxytocin receptors regulate the neurobehavioral consequences of social touchPreprint
Grieb, Z. A., Ford, E. G., Manfredsson, F. P., & Lonstein, J. S. (2019) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/850271 · Cited by 4
Wnuk, H. K., Orden, K. A. V., & Wang, K. H. (2025) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2025.106451 · Cited by 5
Tabaka, O., Lawal, S. A., Triana, R. D. R., Hou, M., Fraser, A., Gallagher, A., Ruiz, K. S. A., Marmarcz, M., Dickinson, M., Oliveira, M. M., et al. (2025) · Communications Biology · doi:10.1038/s42003-025-09193-3 · Cited by 3
Gigli, V., Castellano, P., Ghezzi, V., Ang, Y., Schettino, M., Pizzagalli, D. A., & Ottaviani, C. (2024) · Biological Psychiatry Global Open Science · doi:10.1016/j.bpsgos.2024.100369 · Cited by 4
Khairuddin, S., Lim, W. L., Aquili, L., Tsui, K. C., Tse, A. C.-K., Jayalath, S., Varma, R., Sharp, T., Benazzouz, A., Steinbusch, H. W. M., et al. (2023) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells12111449 · Cited by 3
Sagan, O., & Jones, D. W. (2024) · Journal of Psychosocial Studies · doi:10.1332/14786737y2024d000000014 · Cited by 3
A 3D-Printed Dummy for Training Distal Phalanx Amputation in Mice
Heuser, M., Gonzalez-Uarquin, F., Nuber, M., Brockmann, M. A., Baumgart, J., & Baumgart, N. (2024) · Animals · doi:10.3390/ani14081253 · Cited by 3
Effects of short-term isolation on social behaviors in prairie voles
Madrid, J. E., Pranic, N. M., Chu, S., Bergstrom, J. J. D., Singh, R., Rabinovich, J., Lopez, K. A., Ophir, A. G., & Tschida, K. (2024) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0313172 · Cited by 4
Suspected Lonely Mouse Syndrome as a Cage Effect in a Drug Safety Study
Ye, X., Itzoe, M. S. M., Sarabia-Estrada, R., DeTolla, L. J., Tyler, B., & Guarnieri, M. (2018) · Journal of Veterinary Medicine · doi:10.1155/2018/9562803 · Cited by 3
The Self-Domesticated Animal and Its Study
Bunge, M. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-68421-5_18 · Cited by 3
Defining circuit-specific roles for G protein-coupled receptors in aversive learning
Gowrishankar, R., & Bruchas, M. R. (2019) · Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.cobeha.2019.01.002 · Cited by 3
Reward contingency gates selective cholinergic suppression of amygdala neuronsPreprint
Kimchi, E. Y., Burgos-Robles, A., Matthews, G. A., Chakoma, T. L., Patarino, M., Weddington, J., Siciliano, C. A., Yang, W., Foutch, S., Simons, R., et al. (2022) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2022.02.04.479188 · Cited by 3
Self-citationKin, K., Gaini, R., & Niwa, M. (2021) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-819641-0.00090-6 · Cited by 3
Lim, H., Zhang, Y., Peters, C., Straub, T., Mayer, J. L., & Klein, R. (2023) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2023.10.17.562740 · Cited by 3
Modulation of social valence by insular cortex activity during acute social isolation in mice
Hiyoshi, K., Matsushita, D., & Watabe, A. M. (2025) · Molecular Brain · doi:10.1186/s13041-025-01236-4 · Cited by 2
García-Verdugo, M., Rodríguez-Martín, P., Gustincich, S., Lanciego, J. L., Murer, M. G., Jercog, P. E., & Moratalla, R. (2025) · Neurobiology of Disease · doi:10.1016/j.nbd.2025.107173 · Cited by 2
He, S., Zhou, C., Jin, Y., Gu, Y., Wen, W., Zhang, X., Wang, S., & Wu, Z. Y. (2025) · Biosensors and Bioelectronics · doi:10.1016/j.bios.2025.118313 · Cited by 2
Sun, Z., Sun, S., Li, S., He, X., Wang, Y., Wang, S., Wang, M., Wang, C., Hao, X., Cheng, P., et al. (2026) · Applied Surface Science · doi:10.1016/j.apsusc.2026.166310 · Cited by 2
Wang, T., & Wöhr, M. (2026) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2026.106747 · Cited by 2
Roberta, C., Schluessel, V., Hofmann, H. A., & Hofmann, M. H. (2023) · Journal of Chemical Neuroanatomy · doi:10.1016/j.jchemneu.2023.102342 · Cited by 2
Metadata
- Authors
- Matthews, G. A., Nieh, E. H., Vander Weele, C. M., Halbert, S. A., Pradhan, R. V., Yosafat, A. S., Glober, G. F., Izadmehr, E. M., Thomas, R. E., Lacy, G. D., Wildes, C. P., Ungless, M. A., & Tye, K. M.
- Affiliations
- Hammersmith Hospital (GB)
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (US)
- Corresponding author
- Ungless, Mark A.
- Tye, Kay M.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Cell
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2016-02
- Volume
- 164
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 617-631
- ISSN
- 0092-8674 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4752823
- OpenAlex
- W2269038554
- Semantic Scholar
- 1adbaade5ef3bde98d2bb90790ddf3f098fbafb7
- Cited by
- 402
- References
- 73
- Citations by year
- 2026: 30 · 2025: 47 · 2024: 46 · 2023: 48 · 2022: 36 · 2021: 56 · 2020: 30 · 2019: 34 · 2018: 33 · 2017: 25 · 2016: 17
- FWCI
- 20.38
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Cell (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DSpace@MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- Spiral (Imperial College London) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Elsevier eBooks
- Funders
- JPB Foundation
- PIIF
- PNDRF
- JFDP
- Whitehall Foundation
- Klingenstein Foundation
- NARSAD Young Investigator Award
- Alfred P Sloan Foundation
- New York Stem Cell Foundation
- McKnight Foundation
- Whitehead Career Development Chair
- NIMH (R01-MH102441-01)
- NIA (RF1-AG047661-01)
- NIH (DP2-DK-102256-01)
- U.K. Medical Research Council (MC-A654-5QB70)
- The Royal Society
- Simons Center
- NSF Graduate Research Program Fellowship
- Integrative Neuronal Systems Fellowship
- NIGMS (T32 GM007484)
- NSF
- Undergraduate Research Opportunities Program at MIT
- MIT Summer Research Program
- Northeastern Cooperative Education Program
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Neuroendocrine regulation and behavior
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Keywords
- dorsal raphe nucleus, dopaminergic neurons, social isolation, loneliness, social reward, social preferences, place avoidance, social rank, synaptic plasticity, calcium imaging, optogenetic stimulation, negative emotions
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Dopamine, Loneliness, Male, Reward, Synapses, Ventral Tegmental Area, Patch-Clamp Techniques, Glutamic Acid, Mice, Dopaminergic Neurons, Optogenetics, Dorsal Raphe Nucleus, In Vitro Techniques
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
A language model drew the claims from the paper on 2026-10-09, under version 3 of the claim definition (model deepseek-v4.1-flash, prompt extract-v3).
A second model labelled each claim on 2026-10-09 (model jev-1.13-20260917, definition revision gold-guideline-v0.2).
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
