The DOI matches its Crossref record; 64 of the 64 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Corticoamygdala Transfer of Socially Derived Information Gates Observational Learning
Open accessAbstract
Observational learning is a powerful survival tool allowing individuals to learn about threat-predictive stimuli without directly experiencing the pairing of the predictive cue and punishment. This ability has been linked to the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and the basolateral amygdala (BLA). To investigate how information is encoded and transmitted through this circuit, we performed electrophysiological recordings in mice observing a demonstrator mouse undergo associative fear conditioning and found that BLA-projecting ACC (ACC→BLA) neurons preferentially encode socially derived aversive cue information. Inhibition of ACC→BLA alters real-time amygdala representation of the aversive cue during observational conditioning. Selective inhibition of the ACC→BLA projection impaired acquisition, but not expression, of observational fear conditioning. We show that information derived from observation about the aversive value of the cue is transmitted from the ACC to the BLA and that this routing of information is critically instructive for observational fear conditioning. VIDEO ABSTRACT.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Projections from the ACC and insula to the BLA have been implicated in this form of emotional contagion.”
From Neural circuits regulating prosocial behaviors (2023) · cites this paper as [102]
In the citing paper
“Surprisingly this same manipulation did not influence the social transfer of fear, which was reduced by inhibition of ACC-to-BLA projections, as previously demonstrated [102].”
From Neural circuits regulating prosocial behaviors (2023) · cites this paper as [102]
In the citing paper
“Specifically, there is an increase in ACC activity in voles exposed to a stressed partner [93] and inhibition of ACC projections to the BLA prevents the acquisition of fear, as assessed by freezing, in observer mice [98,102,103].”
From Neural circuits regulating prosocial behaviors (2023) · cites this paper as [102]
In the citing paper
“Prior investigations in rodents and primates, for example, have provided evidence for the presence of neurons that encode information about other individuals, demonstrating changes in activity when the animals observe another’s appetitive or aversive experiences 1–11.”
From Reduced sociability and social agency encoding in adult Shank3-mutant mice are restored through gene re-expression in real time (2021) · cites this paper as [8]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Empathy: its ultimate and proximate bases
Preston, S. D., & de Waal, F. B. M. (2002) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x02000018 · Cited by 4,126
Contributions of anterior cingulate cortex to behaviour
Devinsky, O., Morrell, M. J., & Vogt, B. A. (1995) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/118.1.279 · Cited by 3,377
Imitation of Facial and Manual Gestures by Human Neonates
Meltzoff, A. N., & Moore, M. (1977) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.198.4312.75 · Cited by 3,277
Adolphs, R., Tranel, D., Damasio, H., & Damasio, A. (1994) · Nature · doi:10.1038/372669a0 · Cited by 2,360
Context-dependent computation by recurrent dynamics in prefrontal cortex
Mante, V., Sussillo, D., Shenoy, K. V., & Newsome, W. T. (2013) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature12742 · Cited by 1,910
Neural population dynamics during reaching
Churchland, M. M., Cunningham, J. P., Kaufman, M. T., Foster, J. D., Nuyujukian, P., Ryu, S. I., & Shenoy, K. V. (2012) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature11129 · Cited by 1,704
Input-specific control of reward and aversion in the ventral tegmental area
Lammel, S., Lim, B. K., Ran, C., Huang, K. W., Betley, M. J., Tye, K. M., Deisseroth, K., & Malenka, R. C. (2012) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature11527 · Cited by 1,300
Self-citationAmygdala circuitry mediating reversible and bidirectional control of anxiety
Tye, K. M., Prakash, R., Kim, S.-Y., Fenno, L. E., Grosenick, L., Zarabi, H., Thompson, K. R., Gradinaru, V., Ramakrishnan, C., & Deisseroth, K. (2011) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature09820 · Cited by 1,289
Self-citationPrefrontal cortex in the rat: Projections to subcortical autonomic, motor, and limbic centers
Gabbott, P. L. A., Warner, T. A., Jays, P. R. L., Salway, P., & Busby, S. J. (2005) · Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.20738 · Cited by 1,227
Dimensionality reduction for large-scale neural recordings
Cunningham, J. P., & Yu, B. M. (2014) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn.3776 · Cited by 1,219
Truccolo, W., Eden, U. T., Fellows, M. R., Donoghue, J. P., & Brown, E. N. (2004) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.00697.2004 · Cited by 1,078
Self-citationAllman, J. M., Hakeem, A. Y., Erwin, J. M., Nimchinsky, E. A., & Hof, P. R. (2001) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2001.tb03476.x · Cited by 922
Quirk, G. J., Repa, J. C., & LeDoux, J. E. (1995) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/0896-6273(95)90092-6 · Cited by 808
Oxytocin-dependent consolation behavior in rodents
Burkett, J. P., Andari, E., Johnson, Z. V., Curry, D. C., de Waal, F. B. M., & Young, L. J. (2016) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aac4785 · Cited by 692
Molecular detection of pheromone signals in mammals: from genes to behaviour
Dulac, C. G., & Torello, A. T. (2003) · Nature reviews. Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn1140 · Cited by 662
Observational fear learning involves affective pain system and Cav1.2 Ca2+ channels in ACC
Jeon, D., Kim, S., Chetana, M., Jo, D., Ruley, H. E., Lin, S.-Y., Rabah, D., Kinet, J.-P., & Shin, H.-S. (2010) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn.2504 · Cited by 651
The Anterior Cingulate Gyrus and Social Cognition: Tracking the Motivation of Others
Apps, M. A. J., Rushworth, M. F. S., & Chang, S. W. C. (2016) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2016.04.018 · Cited by 559 · cited 2×
“…conditioning (Bissie`re et al., 2008; Buchanan and Powell, 1982; Steenland et al., 2012), the ACC is a large structure and different anatomical portions of the ACC may have different functions (Allman et al., 2001; Apps et al., 2016; Bussey et al., 1996; Devinsky et al., 1995; Jones et al., 2005).”
Long-range connectivity defines behavioral specificity of amygdala neurons
Senn, V., Wolff, S. B. E., Herry, C., Grenier, F., Ehrlich, I., Gründemann, J., Fadok, J. P., Müller, C., Letzkus, J. J., & Lüthi, A. (2014) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2013.11.006 · Cited by 522 · cited 2×
“…about the aversive cue is transmitted from the ACC to the BLA during observational conditioning, we used an intersectional viral strategy (Senn et al., 2014) to express channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2) in ACC neurons that monosynaptically project to the BLA (Figures 4A and 4B) (Burgos-Robles et…”
Evidence for mirror systems in emotions
Bastiaansen, J. A., Thioux, M., & Keysers, C. (2009) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.2009.0058 · Cited by 445
Divergent routing of positive and negative information from the amygdala during memory retrieval
Beyeler, A., Namburi, P., Glober, G. F., Simonnet, C., Calhoon, G. G., Conyers, G. F., Luck, R., Wildes, C. P., & Tye, K. M. (2016) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2016.03.004 · Cited by 412
Self-citationDecoding Neural Circuits that Control Compulsive Sucrose Seeking
Nieh, E. H., Matthews, G. A., Allsop, S. A., Presbrey, K. N., Leppla, C. A., Wichmann, R., Neve, R., Wildes, C. P., & Tye, K. M. (2015) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2015.01.003 · Cited by 402
Self-citationStress, social behavior, and resilience: Insights from rodents
Beery, A. K., & Kaufer, D. (2014) · Neurobiology of Stress · doi:10.1016/j.ynstr.2014.10.004 · Cited by 395
Estimating a State-Space Model from Point Process Observations
Smith, A. C., & Brown, E. N. (2003) · Neural Computation · doi:10.1162/089976603765202622 · Cited by 395
Self-citationLearning fears by observing others: the neural systems of social fear transmission
Olsson, A., Nearing, K. I., & Phelps, E. A. (2007) · Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience · doi:10.1093/scan/nsm005 · Cited by 349
Neuronal reference frames for social decisions in primate frontal cortex
Chang, S. W. C., Gariépy, J.-F., & Platt, M. L. (2013) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn.3287 · Cited by 336 · cited 1×
“…non-human primates, and humans, the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and the amygdala have been implicated in observational fear learning and social cognition (Adolphs et al., 1994; Chang et al., 2013, 2015; Haroush and Williams, 2015; Jeon et al., 2010; Kim et al., 2012; Olsson et al., 2007).”
Mechanisms involved in the observational conditioning of fear.
Mineka, S., & Cook, M. (1993) · Journal of Experimental Psychology General · doi:10.1037/0096-3445.122.1.23 · Cited by 319
Amygdala inputs to prefrontal cortex guide behavior amid conflicting cues of reward and punishment
Burgos-Robles, A., Kimchi, E. Y., Izadmehr, E. M., Porzenheim, M. J., Ramos-Guasp, W. A., Nieh, E. H., Felix-Ortiz, A. C., Namburi, P., Leppla, C. A., Presbrey, K. N., et al. (2017) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn.4553 · Cited by 318
Self-citationMolecular organization of vomeronasal chemoreception
Isogai, Y., Si, S., Pont-Lezica, L., Tan, T., Kapoor, V., Murthy, V. N., & Dulac, C. (2011) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature10437 · Cited by 317
Emotional reactions of rats to the pain of others.
Church, R. M. (1959) · Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0043531 · Cited by 285
Rodent empathy and affective neuroscience
Panksepp, J. B., & Lahvis, G. P. (2011) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2011.05.013 · Cited by 224
Neurobiological Sequelae of Witnessing Stressful Events in Adult Mice
Warren, B. L., Vialou, V. F., Iñiguez, S. D., Alcantara, L. F., Wright, K. N., Feng, J., Kennedy, P. J., LaPlant, Q., Shen, L., Nestler, E. J., et al. (2013) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2012.06.006 · Cited by 222
Social Transmission of Fear in Rats: The Role of 22-kHz Ultrasonic Distress Vocalization
Kim, E. J., Kim, E. S., Covey, E., & Kim, J. J. (2010) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0015077 · Cited by 216
Empathy is moderated by genetic background in mice
Chen, Q., Panksepp, J. B., & Lahvis, G. P. (2009) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0004387 · Cited by 211
Neuronal Prediction of Opponent’s Behavior during Cooperative Social Interchange in Primates
Haroush, K., & Williams, Z. M. (2015) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2015.01.045 · Cited by 210
Experience modulates vicarious freezing in rats: a model for empathy
Atsak, P., Orre, M., Bakker, P., Cerliani, L., Roozendaal, B., Gazzola, V., Moita, M., & Keysers, C. (2011) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0021855 · Cited by 193
Neural Dynamics of Reaching following Incorrect or Absent Motor Preparation
Ames, K. C., Ryu, S. I., & Shenoy, K. V. (2014) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2013.11.003 · Cited by 172
The Rostral Anterior Cingulate Cortex Modulates the Efficiency of Amygdala-Dependent Fear Learning
Bissière, S., Plachta, N., Hoyer, D., McAllister, K. H., Olpe, H.-R., Grace, A. A., & Cryan, J. F. (2008) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2007.10.022 · Cited by 168
Oxytocin enhances observational fear in mice
Pisansky, M. T., Hanson, L. R., Gottesman, I. I., & Gewirtz, J. C. (2017) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-017-02279-5 · Cited by 167
A demonstration of observational learning in rats using a bidirectional control.
Heyes, C., & Gr, D. (1990) · PubMed · Cited by 166
Cingulate cortex: Its role in Pavlovian conditioning.
Buchanan, S. L., & Powell, D. A. (1982) · Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0077925 · Cited by 164
Topography of projections from the medial prefrontal cortex to the amygdala in the rat.
Cassell, M., & Wright, D. J. (1986) · Brain Research Bulletin · doi:10.1016/0361-9230(86)90237-6 · Cited by 161
Observational learning in chimpanzees and children studied through ‘ghost’ conditions
Hopper, L. M., Lambeth, S. P., Schapiro, S. J., & Whiten, A. (2008) · Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rspb.2007.1542 · Cited by 158
Neural mechanisms of social decision-making in the primate amygdala
Chang, S. W. C., Fagan, N. A., Toda, K., Utevsky, A. V., Pearson, J. M., & Platt, M. L. (2015) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1514761112 · Cited by 157 · cited 1×
“…non-human primates, and humans, the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and the amygdala have been implicated in observational fear learning and social cognition (Adolphs et al., 1994; Chang et al., 2013, 2015; Haroush and Williams, 2015; Jeon et al., 2010; Kim et al., 2012; Olsson et al., 2007).”
Dynamic Analyses of Information Encoding in Neural Ensembles
Barbieri, R., Frank, L. M., Nguyen, D. P., Quirk, M. C., Solo, V., Wilson, M. A., & Brown, E. N. (2004) · Neural Computation · doi:10.1162/089976604322742038 · Cited by 154
Self-citationHultman, R. C., Mague, S. D., Li, Q., Katz, B. M., Michel, N., Lin, L., Wang, J., David, L. K., Blount, C., Chandy, R., et al. (2016) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2016.05.038 · Cited by 144
Maren, S. (2000) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1046/j.1460-9568.2000.00281.x · Cited by 139
Jones, B. F., Groenewegen, H. J., & Witter, M. P. (2005) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2005.01.063 · Cited by 132
Fear conditioning by-proxy: Social transmission of fear during memory retrieval
Bruchey, A. K., Jones, C. E., & Monfils, M.-H. (2010) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2010.04.047 · Cited by 128
Bussey, T. J., Muir, J. L., Everitt, B. J., & Robbins, T. W. (1996) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/s0166-4328(97)81107-2 · Cited by 126
Analysis of Between-Trial and Within-Trial Neural Spiking Dynamics
Czanner, G., Eden, U. T., Wirth, S., Yanike, M., SUZUKI, W. A., & Brown, E. N. (2008) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.00343.2007 · Cited by 118
Self-citationLateralization of observational fear learning at the cortical but not thalamic level in mice
Kim, S., Mátyás, F., Lee, S., Acsády, L., & Shin, H. (2012) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1213903109 · Cited by 101
An intra-amygdala circuit specifically regulates social fear learning
Twining, R. C., Vantrease, J. E., Love, S., Padival, M., & Rosenkranz, J. A. (2017) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn.4481 · Cited by 93 · cited 3×
“…fear learning; the ability to learn about novel stimuli in the environment that are predictive of aversive consequences without directly experiencing them (Bruchey et al., 2010; Guzma´n et al., 2009; Jeon et al., 2010; Kim et al., 2012; Twining et al., 2017; Yusufishaq and Rosenkranz, 2013).”
Empathic Fear Responses in Mice Are Triggered by Recognition of a Shared Experience
Sanders, J., Mayford, M., & Jeste, D. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0074609 · Cited by 90 · cited 1×
“Prior experience with punishments from an imperceptible source may equip animals with the added advantage of not only being able to identify predictive cues, but to also avoid the source of the aversive event (Masuda and Aou, 2009; Mineka and Cook, 1993; Sanders et al., 2013).”
Silence resulting from the cessation of movement signals danger
Pereira, A. G., Cruz, A., Lima, S. Q., & Moita, M. A. (2012) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cub.2012.06.015 · Cited by 88
Fear and affiliation in domesticated male rats.
Taylor, G. T. (1981) · Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0077817 · Cited by 86
Social modeling of conditioned fear in mice by non-fearful conspecifics
Guzmán, Y. F., Tronson, N. C., Guedea, A., Huh, K. H., Gao, C., & Radulovic, J. (2009) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2009.02.024 · Cited by 85
Post-weaning social isolation impairs observational fear conditioning
Yusufishaq, S., & Rosenkranz, J. A. (2013) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2012.12.050 · Cited by 80
Steenland, H. W., Li, X., & Zhuo, M. (2012) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.5566-11.2012 · Cited by 55
Sensitization of fear learning to mild unconditional stimuli in male and female rats.
Poulos, A. M., Zhuravka, I., Long, V., Gannam, C., & Fanselow, M. S. (2015) · Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.1037/bne0000033 · Cited by 49
Altruistic behavior in the albino rat
Greene, J. T. (1969) · Psychonomic Science · doi:10.3758/bf03336420 · Cited by 41
Behavioral and Neurophysiological Analyses of Dynamic Learning Processes
SUZUKI, W. A., & Brown, E. N. (2005) · Behavioral and Cognitive Neuroscience Reviews · doi:10.1177/1534582305280030 · Cited by 33
Self-citationSocial Transmission of Avoidance Behavior under Situational Change in Learned and Unlearned Rats
Masuda, A., & Aou, S. (2009) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0006794 · Cited by 33
State-Space Algorithms for Estimating Spike Rate Functions
Smith, A. C., Scalon, J. D., Wirth, S., Yanike, M., SUZUKI, W. A., & Brown, E. N. (2009) · Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience · doi:10.1155/2010/426539 · Cited by 28
Self-citationEffects of negative mood on performance: reduced capacity or changed processing strategy?
Hesse, F. W., & Spies, K. (1996) · European Journal of Social Psychology · doi:10.1002/(sici)1099-0992(199601)26:1 · Cited by 21
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Oxytocin, Neural Plasticity, and Social Behavior
Froemke, R. C., & Young, L. J. (2021) · Annual Review of Neuroscience · doi:10.1146/annurev-neuro-102320-102847 · Cited by 480
“This interesting observational form of social transmission depends on anterior cingulate input to amygdala (Allsop et al. 2018).”
BackgroundCorrelated neural activity and encoding of behavior across brains of socially interacting animals
Kingsbury, L., Huang, S., Wang, J., Gu, K., Golshani, P., Wu, Y. E., & Hong, W. (2019) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2019.05.022 · Cited by 380
Anterior cingulate inputs to nucleus accumbens control the social transfer of pain and analgesia
Smith, M. L., Asada, N., & Malenka, R. C. (2021) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.abe3040 · Cited by 368
Prefrontal cortex, amygdala, and threat processing: implications for PTSD
Alexandra Kredlow, M., Fenster, R. J., Laurent, E. S., Ressler, K. J., & Phelps, E. A. (2022) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/s41386-021-01155-7 · Cited by 346
“For the purposes of this review, we will focus on rodent PL and IL, although recent work has implicated dACC in observational threat pathways, which may be relevant to PTSD from witnessed trauma [25].”
Anterior cingulate cortex dysfunction underlies social deficits in Shank3 mutant mice
Guo, B., Chen, J., Chen, Q., Ren, K., Feng, D., Mao, H., Yao, H., Yang, J., Liu, H., Liu, Y., et al. (2019) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/s41593-019-0445-9 · Cited by 287
Metadata
- Authors
- Allsop, S. A., Wichmann, R., Mills, F., Burgos-Robles, A., Chang, C.-J., Felix-Ortiz, A. C., Vienne, A., Beyeler, A., Izadmehr, E. M., Glober, G., Cum, M. I., Stergiadou, J., Anandalingam, K. K., Farris, K., Namburi, P., Leppla, C. A., Weddington, J. C., Nieh, E. H., Smith, A. C., Ba, D., Brown, E. N., & Tye, K. M.
- Affiliations
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (US)
- University of Arizona (US)
- Harvard University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Tye, Kay M.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Cell
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2018-05
- Volume
- 173
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 1329-1342.e18
- ISSN
- 0092-8674 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC6345560
- OpenAlex
- W2799513798
- Cited by
- 288
- References
- 64
- Citations by year
- 2026: 26 · 2025: 30 · 2024: 42 · 2023: 37 · 2022: 33 · 2021: 43 · 2020: 28 · 2019: 26 · 2018: 23
- FWCI
- 17.72
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
- www.elsevier.com/legal/tdmrep-license (tdm)
- www.elsevier.com/open-access/userlicense/1.0/ (vor, 395 d)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-017 (stm-asf)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-037 (stm-asf)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-012 (stm-asf)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-029 (stm-asf)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-004 (stm-asf)
- Locations
- Cell (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- DSpace@MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Funders
- JPB Foundation
- PIIF
- PNDRF
- JFDP
- Whitehall Foundation
- Klingenstein Foundation
- NARSAD Young Investigator Award
- Alfred P. Sloan Foundation
- New York Stem Cell Foundation
- McKnight Foundation
- Whitehead Career Development Chair
- NIMH (R01-MH102441-01)
- NIA (RF1-AG047661-01)
- NIH (DP2-DK-102256-01, DP1-AT009925, 1-R01-AG-050548-01, DP1-OD003646, R01-GM104948)
- Jeffrey and Nancy Halis Fellowship
- Henry E. Singleton Fund
- NLM
- Simons Center for the Social Brain
- Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research
- NARSAD
- Brain & Behavior Research Foundation
- National Research Service (5T32GM007484-38)
- Canadian Institutes of Health
- Swiss National Science Foundation
- NSF Graduate Research Fellowships (T32 GM007484)
- Training Program in the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory
- Singleton
- Leventhal
- Whitaker
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural dynamics and brain function
- Keywords
- observational learning, fear conditioning, anterior cingulate cortex, basolateral amygdala, social learning, mice
- MeSH terms
- Amygdala, Animals, Behavior, Animal, Cerebral Cortex, Conditioning, Classical, Fear, Learning, Light, Male, Memory, Neural Pathways, Neurons, Prefrontal Cortex, Mice, Electrophysiological Phenomena, Optogenetics, Basolateral Nuclear Complex
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
