Cited by 220Genetics, Aging, and Longevity in Model OrganismsAutophagy in Disease and TherapyMitochondrial Function and Pathology

Mitochondrial Permeability Uncouples Elevated Autophagy and Lifespan Extension

Open access
Zhou, Ben, Kreuzer, Johannes, Kumsta, Caroline, Wu, Lianfeng, Kamer, Kimberli J., Cedillo, Lucydalila, Zhang, Yuyao, Li, Sainan +8 more·2019·Cell

Abstract

Autophagy is required in diverse paradigms of lifespan extension, leading to the prevailing notion that autophagy is beneficial for longevity. However, why autophagy is harmful in certain contexts remains unexplained. Here, we show that mitochondrial permeability defines the impact of autophagy on aging. Elevated autophagy unexpectedly shortens lifespan in C. elegans lacking serum/glucocorticoid regulated kinase-1 (sgk-1) because of increased mitochondrial permeability. In sgk-1 mutants, reducing levels of autophagy or mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) opening restores normal lifespan. Remarkably, low mitochondrial permeability is required across all paradigms examined of autophagy-dependent lifespan extension. Genetically induced mPTP opening blocks autophagy-dependent lifespan extension resulting from caloric restriction or loss of germline stem cells. Mitochondrial permeability similarly transforms autophagy into a destructive force in mammals, as liver-specific Sgk knockout mice demonstrate marked enhancement of hepatocyte autophagy, mPTP opening, and death with ischemia/reperfusion injury. Targeting mitochondrial permeability may maximize benefits of autophagy in aging.

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Crossref · 10.1016/j.cell.2019.02.013

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  • Knocking down p38 or SGK1 in macrophages using AAV reduces IL-4-induced M2 macrophage polarization in vitro.

    “Knocking down p38 or SGK1 in macrophages using Adeno-Associated Virus (AAV) can reduce IL-4-induced M2 macrophage polarization in vitro”

    From Serum/glucocorticoid regulated kinase 1 (SGK1) in neurological disorders: pain or gain (2024) · cites this paper as Zhou et al., 2019

    The Results section on SGK-1 and autophagy reports SGK1 knockout in hepatocytes, not macrophages. Searches for p38, AAV, IL-4, and M2 polarization found no passage in our copy addressing the claimed macrophage experiment. (LLM, conf=0.78)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
  • The protective effect of autophagy depends on mTORC2/SGK1 inhibition of mPTP.

    “However, the protective effect of autophagy depends on mTORC2/SKG1 inhibition of mPTP.”
  • Increased activity of mPTP in aging turns autophagy/mitophagy into a destructive process leading to cell aging and death.

    “The increased activity of mPTP in aging turns autophagy/mitophagy into a destructive process leading to cell aging and death.”
  • SGK1/VDAC1 co-immunoprecipitates with nearly all other protein candidates for the mPTP channel (ANT1, ANT3, ATP synthase peptides OSCP and subunit delta, SPG-7 and PiC) but no other mitochondrial proteins.

    “A recent study demonstrated the co-immunoprecipitation of SGK1/VDAC1 with nearly all other protein candidates for the mPTP channel, i.e., ANT1, ANT3, two peptides of ATP synthase (OSCP and subunit delta), SPG-7 and PiC, but no other mitochondrial proteins [27].”
  • Genetic or pharmacological inhibition of mPTP increased the lifespan in these mutants.

    “In addition, genetic or pharmacological inhibition of mPTP increased the lifespan in these mutants.”

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Research works printed but not linked: 1

  1. Di Cristofano A (2017). SGK1: The Dark Side of PI3K Signaling. Curr Top Dev Biol 123, 49– 71. 28236975 PMC5658788

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Authors
Zhou, B., Kreuzer, J., Kumsta, C., Wu, L., Kamer, K. J., Cedillo, L., Zhang, Y., Li, S., Kacergis, M. C., Webster, C. M., Fejes-Toth, G., Naray-Fejes-Toth, A., Das, S., Hansen, M., Haas, W., & Soukas, A. A.
Affiliations
  • Broad Institute (US)
  • Massachusetts General Hospital (US)
  • Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute (US)
Corresponding author
Soukas, Alexander A.
Venue
Cell
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2019-04
Volume
177
Issue
2
Pages
299-314.e16
ISSN
0092-8674 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2922624791
Cited by
220
References
59
Citations by year
2026: 21 · 2025: 39 · 2024: 29 · 2023: 35 · 2022: 23 · 2021: 32 · 2020: 26 · 2019: 15
FWCI
8.73
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Cell (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders
  • NIH (P40OD010440, K08DK087941, R01DK101522, R01AG038664, R21AG058038)
  • NIDDK (P30DK040561, P30DK057521)
  • Ellison Medical Foundation New Scholar in Aging Award
  • Howard M. Goodman Fellowship
  • Charles H. Hood Foundation Child Health Research Award
  • Weissman Family MGH Research Scholar Award
  • Glenn Award for Research in Biological Mechanisms of Aging
  • The Ellison Medical Foundation/AFAR
  • MGH ECOR
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Aging › Genetics, Aging, and Longevity in Model Organisms
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Autophagy in Disease and Therapy
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Mitochondrial Function and Pathology
Keywords
autophagy, lifespan extension, mitochondrial permeability, mitochondrial permeability transition pore, SGK1, aging, caloric restriction, germline stem cells, ischemia-reperfusion injury, longevity
MeSH terms
Mitochondrial Permeability Transition Pore, Aging, Animals, Autophagy, Humans, Longevity, Male, Mitochondria, Permeability, Signal Transduction, Reperfusion Injury, Caenorhabditis elegans, Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases, Mice, Knockout, Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins, Caloric Restriction, Mitochondrial Membrane Transport Proteins, Mitochondrial Membranes, Mice, HEK293 Cells, Primary Cell Culture

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