Jpx RNA regulates CTCF anchor site selection and formation of chromosome loops
Open accessAbstract
Chromosome loops shift dynamically during development, homeostasis, and disease. CCCTC-binding factor (CTCF) is known to anchor loops and construct 3D genomes, but how anchor sites are selected is not yet understood. Here, we unveil Jpx RNA as a determinant of anchor selectivity. Jpx RNA targets thousands of genomic sites, preferentially binding promoters of active genes. Depleting Jpx RNA causes ectopic CTCF binding, massive shifts in chromosome looping, and downregulation of >700 Jpx target genes. Without Jpx, thousands of lost loops are replaced by de novo loops anchored by ectopic CTCF sites. Although Jpx controls CTCF binding on a genome-wide basis, it acts selectively at the subset of developmentally sensitive CTCF sites. Specifically, Jpx targets low-affinity CTCF motifs and displaces CTCF protein through competitive inhibition. We conclude that Jpx acts as a CTCF release factor and shapes the 3D genome by regulating anchor site usage.
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Binding of CTCF to the recognition motives on DNA can be regulated through DNA methylation and other ways.
“Binding of CTCF to the recognition motives on DNA can be regulated through DNA methylation and other ways (for example, through competition with other proteins and even with non-coding RNAs such as Jpx (just proximal to XIST) [94]).”
From Enhancer Function in the 3D Genome (2023) · cites this paper as [94]
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Detection of Long Non-Coding RNA Localization by RNA Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (FISH)
Shin, H., & Oh, H. J. (2026) · Methods in molecular biology · doi:10.1007/978-1-0716-5352-4_11
Self-citationThapa, C., Oh, E. K., Sirkin, D., Lahey, J., de León-Guerrerro, S. D., McCarroll, A., Gowda, P., Zhang, H.-W., Barishman, A., Peyton, L., et al. (2026) · Stem Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.stemcr.2026.103120
- Authors
- Oh, H. J., Aguilar, R., Kesner, B., Lee, H.-G., Kriz, A. J., Chu, H.-P., & Lee, J. T.
- Affiliations
- Harvard University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Lee, Jeannie T.
- Venue
- Cell
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2021-12
- Volume
- 184
- Issue
- 25
- Pages
- 6157-6173.e24
- ISSN
- 0092-8674 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC8671370
- OpenAlex
- W3215208697
- Cited by
- 84
- References
- 98
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 24 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 17 · 2022: 16
- FWCI
- 4.08
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
- www.elsevier.com/legal/tdmrep-license (tdm)
- www.elsevier.com/open-access/userlicense/1.0/ (vor, 373 d)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-017 (stm-asf)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-037 (stm-asf)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-012 (stm-asf)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-029 (stm-asf)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-004 (stm-asf)
- Locations
- Cell (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (R37-GM58839)
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute
- National Research Foundation of Korea
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Genomics and Chromatin Dynamics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cancer Research › Cancer-related molecular mechanisms research
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Chromosomal and Genetic Variations
- Keywords
- CTCF, chromatin looping, 3D genome organization, RNA-protein interactions, competitive inhibition, developmental gene regulation
- MeSH terms
- CCCTC-Binding Factor, Animals, Binding Sites, Cell Line, Chromosomes, Protein Binding, Mice, Embryonic Stem Cells, RNA, Long Noncoding
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