Cited by 866Genomics and Chromatin DynamicsDNA Repair MechanismsNuclear Structure and Function

DNA loop extrusion by human cohesin

Davidson, Iain F., Bauer, Benedikt, Goetz, Daniela, Tang, Wen, Wutz, Gordana, Peters, Jan-Michael·2019·Science

Abstract

Eukaryotic genomes are folded into loops and topologically associating domains, which contribute to chromatin structure, gene regulation, and gene recombination. These structures depend on cohesin, a ring-shaped DNA-entrapping adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) complex that has been proposed to form loops by extrusion. Such an activity has been observed for condensin, which forms loops in mitosis, but not for cohesin. Using biochemical reconstitution, we found that single human cohesin complexes form DNA loops symmetrically at rates up to 2.1 kilo-base pairs per second. Loop formation and maintenance depend on cohesin's ATPase activity and on NIPBL-MAU2, but not on topological entrapment of DNA by cohesin. During loop formation, cohesin and NIPBL-MAU2 reside at the base of loops, which indicates that they generate loops by extrusion. Our results show that cohesin and NIPBL-MAU2 form an active holoenzyme that interacts with DNA either pseudo-topologically or non-topologically to extrude genomic interphase DNA into loops.

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Crossref · 10.1126/science.aaz3418

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Authors
Davidson, I. F., Bauer, B., Goetz, D., Tang, W., Wutz, G., & Peters, J.-M.
Affiliations
Research Institute of Molecular Pathology (AT)
Corresponding author
Peters, Jan-Michael
Venue
Science
Published
2019-12-13
Volume
366
Issue
6471
Pages
1338-1345
ISSN
  • 0036-8075 (ISSN-L)
  • 1095-9203
OpenAlex
W2991248607
Cited by
863
References
46
Citations by year
2026: 117 · 2025: 126 · 2024: 109 · 2023: 121 · 2022: 123 · 2021: 148 · 2020: 113 · 2019: 5 · 2014: 1
FWCI
32.36
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Science (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • Boehringer Ingelheim
  • European Molecular Biology Organization (Long-term Fellowship)
  • H2020 European Research Council (693949)
  • Human Frontier Science Program (Long-term Fellowship)
  • Austrian Research Promotion Agency (FFG-852936)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Genomics and Chromatin Dynamics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › DNA Repair Mechanisms
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Nuclear Structure and Function
Keywords
cohesin, DNA loop extrusion, topologically associating domains, chromatin folding, interphase chromatin, holoenzyme, condensin
MeSH terms
Cohesins, Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone, DNA, DNA-Binding Proteins, Proton-Translocating ATPases, HeLa Cells, Humans, Nucleic Acid Conformation, Cell Cycle Proteins, Holoenzymes

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