ChatGPT-Enhanced Mobile Instant Messaging in Online Learning: Effects on Student Outcomes and Perceptions
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Huang observed moderate gains on the higher-order thinking skills (HOTS) scale (partial η2 = 0.22).
“Huang [57] observed moderate gains on the higherorder thinking skills (HOTS) scale (partial η 2 = 0.22), and Zhang [54] reported a statistically significant increase (Diff-in-Diff = 1.323, p < 0.01) in the HOTS 5-point Likert CT scale.”
From A Systematic Literature Review on the Pedagogical Implications and Impact of GenAI on Students' Critical Thinking (2026) · cites this paper as [57]
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Lee, H.-Y., Chen, P.-H., Lin, C.-J., Huang, Y.-M., & Wu, T.-T. (2025) · Education and Information Technologies · doi:10.1007/s10639-025-13733-z · Cited by 21 · see citing works
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“Huang [57] observed moderate gains on the higher-order thinking skills (HOTS) scale (partial η 2 = 0.22), and Zhang [54] reported a statistically significant increase (Diff-in-Diff = 1.323, p 0.01) in the HOTS 5-point Likert CT scale.”
InfluentialPérez-Jorge, D., González-Afonso, M. C., Santos-Álvarez, A. G., Plasencia-Carballo, Z., & Perdomo-López, C. D. L. Á. (2025) · Information · doi:10.3390/info16070540 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
- Authors
- Huang, Y.-M., Chen, P.-H., Lee, H.-Y., Sandnes, F. E., & Wu, T.-T.
- Affiliations
- National Cheng Kung University (TW)
- National Yunlin University of Science and Technology (TW)
- OsloMet – Oslo Metropolitan University (NO)
- Corresponding author
- Wu, Ting-Ting
- Venue
- Computers in Human Behavior
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2025-07
- Volume
- 168
- Pages
- 108659
- ISSN
- 0747-5632 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W4409203443
- Cited by
- 35
- References
- 111
- Citations by year
- 2026: 22 · 2025: 13
- FWCI
- 36.69
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- Computers in Human Behavior (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Science and Technology Council (NSTC 112-2410-H-006-053-MY3, 113-2410-H-224-036-MY3, 113-2622-H-224-003)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Information Systems › Artificial Intelligence in Education
- Social Sciences › Education › Online and Blended Learning
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › Intelligent Tutoring Systems and Adaptive Learning
- Keywords
- ChatGPT, mobile instant messaging, online learning, student engagement, higher-order thinking skills, critical thinking, problem solving, creativity, technology acceptance, graduate students, online forums, cognitive load
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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