Social Media as It Interfaces with Psychosocial Development and Mental Illness in Transitional Age Youth
Abstract
For transitional age individuals, social media (SM) is an integral component of connecting with others. There are 2 billion SM users worldwide. SM users may experience an increase in perceived social support and life satisfaction. Use of SM may facilitate forming connections among people with potentially stigmatizing mental disorders. However, epidemiologic studies suggest that increased SM use is associated with conditions such as depression, anxiety, and sleep disturbance. Future research should examine directionality of these associations and the role of contextual factors. It also will be useful to leverage SM to provide mental health care and surveillance of mental health concerns.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Primack and EscobarViera (2017) found that the number of social media accounts correlated with the level of anxiety, due to overwhelming demand.
“Primack and EscobarViera (2017) found that the number of social media accounts correlated with the level of anxiety, due to overwhelming demand.”
From A systematic review: the influence of social media on depression, anxiety and psychological distress in adolescents (2020) · cites this paper as Primack and EscobarViera (2017)
Cites
Users of the world, unite! The challenges and opportunities of Social Media
Kaplan, A. M., & Haenlein, M. (2010) · Business Horizons · doi:10.1016/j.bushor.2009.09.003 · Cited by 17,875 · see citing works
An Introduction to the Five‐Factor Model and Its Applications
McCrae, R. R., & John, O. P. (1992) · Journal of Personality · doi:10.1111/j.1467-6494.1992.tb00970.x · Cited by 6,835 · see citing works
A cognitive-behavioral model of pathological Internet use
Davis, R. A. (2001) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/s0747-5632(00)00041-8 · Cited by 3,010 · see citing works
Valenzuela, S., Park, N., & Kee, K. F. (2009) · Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication · doi:10.1111/j.1083-6101.2009.01474.x · Cited by 2,229 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Some studies suggest that SM users may experience an increase in social capital, perceived social support, and life satisfaction.(62,63) Similarly, use of SM may provide opportunities for keeping in touch with family and friends, as well as other social interactions that may increase social capital and alleviate menta…”
BackgroundAndreassen, C. S., Billieux, J., Griffiths, M. D., Kuss, D. J., Demetrovics, Z., Mazzoni, E., & Pallesen, S. (2016) · Psychology of Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1037/adb0000160 · Cited by 2,095 · cited 5× · see citing works
“However, others are concerned about the provision of mental health care using SM.”
BackgroundInfluentialThe Impact of Social Media on Children, Adolescents, and Families
O'Keeffe, G. S., Clarke-Pearson, K., & Council on Communications and Media (2011) · Pediatrics · doi:10.1542/peds.2011-0054 · Cited by 1,987 · see citing works
Who interacts on the Web?: The intersection of users’ personality and social media use
Correa, T., Hinsley, A. W., & de Zúñiga, H. G. (2010) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2009.09.003 · Cited by 1,915 · see citing works
Woods, H. C., & Scott, H. (2016) · Journal of Adolescence · doi:10.1016/j.adolescence.2016.05.008 · Cited by 1,302 · see citing works
Online and offline social networks: Use of social networking sites by emerging adults
Subrahmanyam, K., Reich, S. M., Waechter, N., & Espinoza, G. (2008) · Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.appdev.2008.07.003 · Cited by 1,284 · cited 1× · see citing works
“SM has become an integral component of how people worldwide connect with friends and family, share personal content, and obtain news and entertainment.(2,3) Use of SM is particularly prevalent among transitional age individuals, who are at critical junctures around developmental tasks such as identity development and…”
BackgroundCaplan, S. E. (2002) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/s0747-5632(02)00004-3 · Cited by 1,279 · see citing works
Chou, H.-T. G., & Edge, N. (2012) · Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking · doi:10.1089/cyber.2011.0324 · Cited by 1,166 · see citing works
Lin, L. Y., Sidani, J. E., Shensa, A., Radovic, A., Miller, E., Colditz, J. B., Hoffman, B. L., Giles, L. M., & Primack, B. A. (2016) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.22466 · Cited by 1,111 · see citing works
Self-citationSocial network activity and social well-being
Burke, M., Marlow, C., & Lento, T. (2010) · Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/1753326.1753613 · Cited by 1,109 · cited 1× · see citing works
“example, passive consumption of SM content, as opposed to active communication, has been associated with decrease in bonding and bridging social capital and increase in loneliness.(89) One explanation may be that exposure to highly idealized representa-”
BackgroundKata, A. (2012) · Vaccine · doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.11.112 · Cited by 1,094 · cited 1× · see citing works
“A high-profile example of this is the damage that was done by a prominent celebrity who prominently displayed unsubstantiated concerns regarding vaccines and autism.(44) Additionally, self-disclosures during acute crises of some mental disorders may lead to “oversharing,” with potential consequences, such as increased…”
BackgroundFacebook use, envy, and depression among college students: is facebooking depressing?
Tandoc, E. C., Ferrucci, P., & Duffy, M. (2015) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2014.10.053 · Cited by 781 · see citing works
Forest, A. L., & Wood, J. V. (2012) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/0956797611429709 · Cited by 547 · see citing works
The association between social media use and sleep disturbance among young adults
Levenson, J. C., Shensa, A., Sidani, J. E., Colditz, J. B., & Primack, B. A. (2016) · Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2016.01.001 · Cited by 447 · cited 2× · see citing works
“Researchers examined a nationally representative sample of young adults and found that increased SM use was independently associated with poor sleep.(74) Sleep disturbance was assessed using the brief PROMIS sleep disturbance measure.”
MethodResultSelf-citation“Facebook Depression?” Social Networking Site Use and Depression in Older Adolescents
Jelenchick, L. A., Eickhoff, J. C., & Moreno, M. A. (2013) · Journal of Adolescent Health · doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2012.05.008 · Cited by 445 · see citing works
Sagioglou, C., & Greitemeyer, T. (2014) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2014.03.003 · Cited by 387 · cited 2× · see citing works
“It is also possible that the feeling of “time wasted” by engaging in activities of little meaning on SM negatively influencesmood.(88)Moreover, in a nationally representative survey that assessed general health among college-age students, Internet use and computer games have consistently been identified among the top…”
BackgroundPassive and Active Social Media Use and Depressive Symptoms Among United States Adults
Escobar-Viera, C. G., Shensa, A., Bowman, N. D., Sidani, J. E., Knight, J., James, A. E., & Primack, B. A. (2018) · Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking · doi:10.1089/cyber.2017.0668 · Cited by 351 · see citing works
Self-citationThe Emerging Neuroscience of Social Media
Meshi, D., Tamir, D. I., & Heekeren, H. R. (2015) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2015.09.004 · Cited by 322 · see citing works
Envy on Facebook: a hidden threat to users' life satisfaction?
Krasnova, H., Wenninger, H., Widjaja, T., & Buxmann, P. (2013) · University of Bern · doi:10.7892/boris.47080 · Cited by 290 · cited 1× · see citing works
“tions of peers on SM elicits feelings of envy and the distorted belief that others lead happier and/or more successful lives.(90,91) Consequently, these envious feelings may”
BackgroundEffects of internet use on health and depression: a longitudinal study
Bessière, K., Pressman, S., Kiesler, S., & Kraut, R. (2010) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/jmir.1149 · Cited by 270 · see citing works
Impact of Social Media on the Health of Children and Young People
Richards, D., Caldwell, P. H., & Go, H. (2015) · Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health · doi:10.1111/jpc.13023 · Cited by 247 · see citing works
The Association between Social Media Use and Eating Concerns among US Young Adults
Sidani, J. E., Shensa, A., Hoffman, B., Hanmer, J., & Primack, B. A. (2016) · Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics · doi:10.1016/j.jand.2016.03.021 · Cited by 228 · see citing works
Self-citationLee-Won, R. J., Herzog, L., & Park, S. G. (2015) · Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking · doi:10.1089/cyber.2015.0002 · Cited by 205 · see citing works
Media use among adolescents with autism spectrum disorder
Kuo, M. H., Orsmond, G. I., Coster, W. J., & Cohn, E. S. (2014) · Autism · doi:10.1177/1362361313497832 · Cited by 147 · see citing works
Park, J., Lee, D. S., Shablack, H., Verduyn, P., Deldin, P., Ybarra, O., Jonides, J., & Kross, E. (2016) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2016.01.048 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
Jeri-Yabar, A., Sanchez-Carbonel, A., Tito, K., Ramirez-delCastillo, J., Torres-Alcantara, A., Denegri, D., & Carreazo, Y. (2019) · International Journal of Social Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/0020764018814270 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Keles, B., McCrae, N., & Grealish, A. (2020) · International Journal of Adolescence and Youth · doi:10.1080/02673843.2019.1590851 · Cited by 1,909 · see citing works
Twenge, J. M., Martin, G. N., & Spitzberg, B. H. (2019) · Psychology of Popular Media Culture · doi:10.1037/ppm0000203 · Cited by 703 · see citing works
Adolescents’ Intense and Problematic Social Media Use and Their Well-Being in 29 Countries
Boer, M., van den Eijnden, R. J. J. M., Boniel-Nissim, M., Wong, S.-L., Inchley, J. C., Badura, P., Craig, W. M., Gobina, I., Kleszczewska, D., Klanšček, H. J., et al. (2020) · Journal of Adolescent Health · doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2020.02.014 · Cited by 434 · see citing works
“Research suggests that intense SMU is linked to lower mental [2,7,8], school [9], and social well-being [1] of adolescents.”
BackgroundResultInfluentialBoer, M., Stevens, G. W. J. M., Finkenauer, C., de Looze, M. E., & van den Eijnden, R. J. J. M. (2021) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2020.106645 · Cited by 335 · see citing works
Social media and depression symptoms: a meta-analysis
Cunningham, S., Hudson, C. C., & Harkness, K. (2021) · Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology · doi:10.1007/s10802-020-00715-7 · Cited by 308 · see citing works
Brunborg, G. S., & Burdzovic Andreas, J. (2019) · Journal of Adolescence · doi:10.1016/j.adolescence.2019.06.013 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
MacKinnon, K. R., Kia, H., & Lacombe-Duncan, A. (2021) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/30315 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Salari, N., Zarei, H., Rasoulpoor, S., Ghasemi, H., Hosseinian-Far, A., & Mohammadi, M. (2025) · Public Health in Practice · doi:10.1016/j.puhip.2025.100584 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
“Social networks are a group of Internet-based application networks that allow users to interact, and share information, ideas, personal messages, and other textual, visual, and audio contents [44,45].”
- Authors
- Primack, B. A., & Escobar-Viera, C. G.
- Affiliations
- University of Pittsburgh (US)
- Corresponding author
- Primack, Brian A.
- Venue
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2017-04
- Volume
- 26
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 217-233
- ISSN
- 1056-4993 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2596619856
- Cited by
- 71
- References
- 29
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 4
- FWCI
- 1.63
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Impact of Technology on Adolescents
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Mental Health via Writing
- Social Sciences › Education › Child Development and Digital Technology
- Keywords
- social media use, transitional age youth, psychosocial development, mental illness, depression, anxiety, sleep disorders, social support, life satisfaction, stigma, mental health surveillance, digital mental health
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Mental Disorders, Humans, Human Development, Young Adult, Social Media
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review