The Association between Social Media Use and Eating Concerns among US Young Adults
Open accessAbstract
Background The etiology of eating concerns is multifactorial, and exposure to media messages is considered to be a contributor. Although traditional media, such as television and magazines, have been examined extensively in relation to eating concerns risk, the influence of social media has received relatively less attention.Objective To examine the association between social media use and eating concerns in a large, nationally representative sample of young adults.Design Cross-sectional survey.Participants/setting Participants were 1,765 young adults aged 19 to 32 years who were randomly selected from a national probability-based online nonvolunteer panel.Outcome measures An eating concerns scale was adapted from two validated measures: the SCOFF Questionnaire and the Eating Disorder Screen for Primary Care. Social media use (including Facebook, Twitter, Google+, YouTube, LinkedIn, Instagram, Pinterest, Tumblr, Vine, Snapchat, and Reddit) was assessed using both volume (time per day) and frequency (visits per week).Statistical analyses To examine associations between eating concerns and social media use, ordered logistic regression was used, controlling for all covariates.Results Compared with those in the lowest quartile, participants in the highest quartiles for social media volume and frequency had significantly greater odds of having eating concerns (adjusted odds ratio 2.18, 95% CI 1.50 to 3.17 and adjusted odds ratio 2.55, 95% CI 1.72 to 3.78, respectively). There were significant positive overall linear associations between the social media use variables and eating concerns (P<0.001).Conclusions The results from this study indicate a strong and consistent association between social media use and eating concerns in a nationally representative sample of young adults aged 19 to 32 years. This association was apparent whether social media use was measured as volume or frequency. Further research should assess the temporality of these associations. It would also be useful to examine more closely the influence of specific characteristics of social media use, including content-related and contextual features.
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Previous research evidence highlights an association between highly-visual social media use and disordered eating among adolescents.
“The findings also align with previous research evidence highlighting the association between highly-visual social media use and disordered eating among adolescents (Rodgers et al., 2020;Sidani et al., 2016).”
From Relation Between Social Media Use and Body Image Concerns and Disordered Eating in Adolescence: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (2026) · cites this paper as Sidani et al., 2016
The Multivariable Analyses report an association between greater overall social media use and eating concerns. The Discussion describes visually oriented platforms as a possible source of relevant images, but the study did not isolate highly visual use; its sample was ages 19–32, and the Discussion says the results cannot be generalized to other age groups. It therefore does not establish the claimed association among adolescents. (LLM, conf=0.89)
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- Authors
- Sidani, J. E., Shensa, A., Hoffman, B., Hanmer, J., & Primack, B. A.
- Affiliations
- University of Pittsburgh (US)
- Corresponding author
- Sidani, Jaime E.
- Venue
- Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2016-09
- Volume
- 116
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 1465-1472
- ISSN
- 2212-2672 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC5003636
- OpenAlex
- W2346486083
- Cited by
- 228
- References
- 36
- Citations by year
- 2026: 24 · 2025: 26 · 2024: 26 · 2023: 36 · 2022: 35 · 2021: 32 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 1
- FWCI
- 16.05
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- D-Scholarship@Pitt (University of Pittsburgh) (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- National Cancer Institute (R01CA140150)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Eating Disorders and Behaviors
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Nutrition, Health and Food Behavior
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Impact of Technology on Adolescents
- Keywords
- social media use, eating concerns, young adults, eating disorders, media exposure, SCOFF questionnaire, eating disorder risk
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Feeding and Eating Disorders, Cross-Sectional Studies, Eating, Female, Humans, Male, Surveys and Questionnaires, United States, Logistic Models, Odds Ratio, Young Adult, Social Media
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