Multianalyte profiling of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in liquid commercial products
Abstract
The chemical properties of poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) make them widespread for use in a number of industrial and commercial products to confer water and oil-repellency characteristics and to reduce surface tension e.g. in aqueous film-forming foams (AFFFs). Some PFASs, especially perfluoroctane sulfonate, and several perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids, are known to cause significant human and environmental negative impact. Our knowledge on the content of PFASs in products remains scarce due to limited information available, thus impeding any precise assessment of human exposure and environmental release upon use. This study aimed at analyzing a wide variety of liquid products (n = 194) likely to contain PFASs, including impregnating agents, lubricants, cleansers, polishes, AFFFs and other industrial products. By means of LC- and GC-MS/MS analytical techniques, 24 PFASs (from 41 targeted PFASs) were detected and quantified in 55% of samples. PFAS quantification and profiling was found to be consumer product specific. PFASs were mostly detected in AFFF (90%) and impregnating agents (60%) with mainly ionic and neutral species, respectively. In particular, the fluorotelomer alcohols 6:2, 8:2 and 10:2 FTOHs were detected in 40-50% of impregnating agents. Further investigation by Fast Atom Bombardment Mass Spectrometry (FAB-MS) on a set of AFFF samples allowed the characterization of 8 different PFAS classes as major components in these formulations. Results demonstrated that numerous and diversified PFAS are currently used in specific commercial products, implying significant human exposure and environmental release that necessitate further research concerning their toxicological impact.
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Landfills are one of the most significant environmental reservoirs of PFAS due to the disposal of PFAS-containing products.
“Landfills are one of the most significant environmental reservoirs of PFAS due to the disposal of PFAS-containing products (Chen et al., 2020; Favreau et al., 2017; Lang et al., 2016; Schaider et al., 2017; Schultes et al., 2018; US EPA, 2018; Wang et al., 2017) at the end of their service lives.”
From Evaluation of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in leachate, gas condensate, stormwater and groundwater at landfills (2023) · cites this paper as Favreau et al., 2017
PFSAs are primarily associated with AFFF, mist suppressants, and surface protection products.
“PFSAs are primarily associated with AFFF, mist suppressants, and surface protection products (Favreau et al., 2017).”
From Evaluation of a national data set for insights into sources, composition, and concentrations of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in U.S. drinking water (2018) · cites this paper as Favreau et al., 2017
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- Authors
- Favreau, P., Poncioni-Rothlisberger, C., Place, B. J., Bouchex-Bellomie, H., Weber, A., Tremp, J., Field, J. A., & Kohler, M.
- Affiliations
- Oregon State University (US)
- Federal Office for the Environment (CH)
- Corresponding author
- Favreau, Philippe
- Venue
- Chemosphere
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2017-03
- Volume
- 171
- Pages
- 491-501
- ISSN
- 0045-6535 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2567576840
- Cited by
- 116
- References
- 8
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 17 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 21 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 4
- FWCI
- 2.83
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Chemosphere (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Chemistry › Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances research
- Life Sciences › Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics › Pharmaceutical Science › Fluorine in Organic Chemistry
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Polymers and Plastics › Synthesis and properties of polymers
- Keywords
- per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances, PFAS, aqueous film-forming foam, fluorotelomer alcohols, perfluorinated carboxylic acids, consumer goods, human exposure, environmental release
- MeSH terms
- Carboxylic Acids, Chromatography, Liquid, Fluorocarbons, Household Products, Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry, Alkanesulfonic Acids, Tandem Mass Spectrometry, Lubricants
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