In situ remediation method for enhanced sorption of perfluoro-alkyl substances onto Ottawa sand
Abstract
Perfluoro-alkyl substances (PFAS) have drawn increased concern in recent years. Due to resistance to many remediation methods and potential for long-range transport, there is need for continued in situ remediation technique development. One such method is enhanced sorption onto aquifer material, thereby sequestering a plume and preventing long-range migration. Batch tests and column studies were carried out to evaluate the ability of polydiallyldimethylammonium chloride (PDM) and polyamine (PA) to enhance the adsorption of six PFAS onto Ottawa sand. At a dosage of 2,000 mg/L of either PDM or PA, results show increases of adsorption of the tested PFAS in all batches by factors of 3.6–45. Column studies showed retention capacity increasing up to six times for perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and 10 times for perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS). Normalizing partitioning coefficients from batch tests to fraction of organic carbon suggest that an interaction other than PFAS associating with organic matter may be the main driving force behind sorption enhancement. These results suggest that this method shows promise for in situ remediation of PFAS-contaminated groundwater.
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Only two prior studies directly compared Kd values from both column and batch experiments.
“Only two of these studies conducted both column and batch experiments and directly compared the measured Kd values.”
From Column versus batch methods for measuring PFOS and PFOA sorption to geomedia (2021) · cites this paper as Aly et al. (2018)
Aly et al. (2018) found batch Kd values for PFOS and PFOA on quartz sand were about 10 times lower than column-derived Kd values.
“Aly et al. (2018) quantified sorption of PFOS and PFOA for a quartz sand. The Kd values obtained from the batch experiment were approximately 10-times smaller than the values determined from the column experiments.”
From Column versus batch methods for measuring PFOS and PFOA sorption to geomedia (2021) · cites this paper as Aly et al. (2018)
Prior PFAS column-batch comparison studies used only one influent concentration, limiting comparisons and leaving unclear whether results would differ with different input concentrations.
“The column experiments in all of the prior comparison studies cited above employed only one influent concentration. Thus, the comparisons between column and batch measurements were limited, and it is not clear if the comparisons would differ for column experiments conducted with different input concentrations.”
From Column versus batch methods for measuring PFOS and PFOA sorption to geomedia (2021) · cites this paper as Aly et al. (2018)
Over the past 15 years, nearly 100 studies examined PFAS sorption by geomedia and geomedia constituents; most used batch methods, while very few used column methods.
“Over the past 15 years, close to 100 studies have investigated the sorption of PFAS by geomedia and specific constituents of geomedia. Of these, the vast majority have used batch methods to quantify sorption, with only a very few employing column methods”
From Column versus batch methods for measuring PFOS and PFOA sorption to geomedia (2021) · cites this paper as Aly et al., 2018
The equivalent-Kd values calculated for PFOS and PFOA using the isotherm regression reported herein for 0.1 mg/L are 0.23 L/kg and 0.13 L/kg, respectively, which are larger than the values reported by Aly et al. (2018).
“These values are smaller than the equivalent-Kd values of 0.23 L/kg and 0.13 L/kg calculated for PFOS and PFOA, respectively, using the isotherm regression reported herein for 0.1 mg/L (the concentration employed in the Aly study).”
From Column versus batch methods for measuring PFOS and PFOA sorption to geomedia (2021) · cites this paper as Aly et al. (2018)
The smaller Kd values reported by Aly et al. (2018) compared to this study reflect the nonlinearity determined in the present study as well as differences in the properties of the quartz sands, wherein the sand used in this study has a greater organic carbon content than the sand used by Aly et al.
“The smaller Kd values reported by Aly et al. (2018) compared to this study reflect the nonlinearity determined in the present study as well as differences in the properties of the quartz sands, wherein the sand used in this study has a greater organic carbon content than the sand used by Aly et al.”
From Column versus batch methods for measuring PFOS and PFOA sorption to geomedia (2021) · cites this paper as Aly et al. (2018)
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Jenness, G. R., Schutt, T. C., & Shukla, M. (2026) · Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics · doi:10.1039/d6cp01649a
- Authors
- Aly, Y. H., Liu, C., McInnis, D. P., Lyon, B. A., Hatton, J., McCarty, M., Arnold, W. A., Pennell, K. D., & Simcik, M. F.
- Affiliations
- University of Minnesota (US)
- Tufts University (US)
- CH2M (United States) (US)
- Corresponding author
- Simcik, Matt F.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Journal of Environmental Engineering
- Published
- 2018-09
- Volume
- 144
- Issue
- 9
- ISSN
- 0733-9372 (ISSN-L)
- 1943-7870
- OpenAlex
- W2826231799
- Cited by
- 52
- References
- 43
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 4
- FWCI
- 1.83
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Environmental Engineering (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Chemistry › Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances research
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Environmental remediation with nanomaterials
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Water Science and Technology › Fluoride Effects and Removal
- Keywords
- perfluorinated compounds, PFAS, in situ remediation, Ottawa sand, poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride), polyamines, adsorption enhancement, perfluorooctanoic acid, PFOS, groundwater contamination, partition coefficient, organic carbon, column studies
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