Cited by 489EEG and Brain-Computer InterfacesEpilepsy research and treatmentECG Monitoring and Analysis

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The standardized EEG electrode array of the IFCN

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Seeck, Margitta, Koessler, Laurent, Bast, Thomas, Leijten, Frans, Michel, Christoph, Baumgartner, Christoph, He, Bin, Beniczky, Sándor·2017·Clinical Neurophysiology

DOI 10.1016/j.clinph.2017.06.254

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Abstract

Standardized EEG electrode positions are essential for both clinical applications and research. The aim of this guideline is to update and expand the unifying nomenclature and standardized positioning for EEG scalp electrodes. Electrode positions were based on 20% and 10% of standardized measurements from anatomical landmarks on the skull. However, standard recordings do not cover the anterior and basal temporal lobes, which is the most frequent source of epileptogenic activity. Here, we propose a basic array of 25 electrodes including the inferior temporal chain, which should be used for all standard clinical recordings. The nomenclature in the basic array is consistent with the 10-10-system. High-density scalp EEG arrays (64-256 electrodes) allow source imaging with even sub-lobar precision. This supplementary exam should be requested whenever necessary, e.g. search for epileptogenic activity in negative standard EEG or for presurgical evaluation. In the near future, nomenclature for high density electrodes arrays beyond the 10-10 system needs to be defined, to allow comparison and standardized recordings across centers. Contrary to the established belief that smaller heads needs less electrodes, in young children at least as many electrodes as in adults should be applied due to smaller skull thickness and the risk of spatial aliasing.

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Interictal electric source imaging with open‐source software and routine low‐density electroencephalography: A systematic comparison of four inverse methods in drug‐resistant epilepsy
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Artificial intelligence in clinical neurophysiology: IFCN handbook chapter
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Snapshot-Based Seizure Prediction in Pediatric EEG Using Deep Neural Networks
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Self-citation
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Authors: Seeck, M., Koessler, L., Bast, T., Leijten, F., Michel, C., Baumgartner, C., He, B., & Beniczky, S.
Affiliations: University Hospital of Geneva (CH)
Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (FR)
Diakonie Kork (DE)
University Medical Center Utrecht (NL)
University of Geneva (CH)
Sigmund Freud Privatuniversität Wien (AT)
University of Minnesota (US)
Aarhus University (DK)
Corresponding author: Seeck, Margitta
ORCID: Seeck, Margitta
Koessler, Laurent
Bast, Thomas
Leijten, Frans
Michel, Christoph
Baumgartner, Christoph
He, Bin
Beniczky, Sándor
Venue: Clinical Neurophysiology
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2017-10
Volume: 128
Issue: 10
Pages: 2070-2077
ISSN: 1388-2457 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2017.06.254
OpenAlex: W2735688622
Cited by: 489
References: 41
Citations by year: 2026: 47 · 2025: 79 · 2024: 59 · 2023: 70 · 2022: 66 · 2021: 54 · 2020: 46 · 2019: 41 · 2018: 23 · 2017: 3
FWCI: 3.46
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
www.elsevier.com/legal/tdmrep-license (tdm)
www.elsevier.com/open-access/userlicense/1.0/ (am, 345 d)
Locations: Clinical Neurophysiology (acceptedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Archive ouverte UNIGE (University of Geneva) (publishedVersion)
HAL (submittedVersion)
Utrecht University Repository (Utrecht University) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
University of Southern Denmark Research Portal (University of Southern Denmark) (submittedVersion)
Archive ouverte UNIGE (University of Geneva) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
Funders: Swiss National Science Foundation (140332)
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces
Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Epilepsy research and treatment
Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › ECG Monitoring and Analysis
Keywords: high-density EEG, epileptogenic activity, preoperative assessment, pediatric EEG, spatial aliasing, skull thickness, anatomical landmarks
MeSH terms: Age Factors, Brain, Electrodes, Electroencephalography, Humans, Scalp, Skull

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