Dietary intake, body composition and metabolic parameters in women with polycystic ovary syndrome
Abstract
Background & aims Overweight polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) patients present exacerbation of clinical symptoms and increased risk for chronic diseases. The effects of inadequate dietary intake have been investigated in body weight gain in PCOS women. The aim of this study was to evaluate the dietary pattern and to analyze possible associations with the metabolism and body composition in PCOS women. Methods A case-control study was performed with thirty-nine women diagnosed with PCOS and thirty-five control women, matched by age and body mass index. A body composition assessment was performed by Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and food intake was assessed using the seven-day food record. The metabolic parameters evaluated were fasting glucose, insulin, Homeostasis Model Assessment-estimated Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) index and oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Results No significant differences were observed in dietary intake of women with or without PCOS. In the analysis of the associations between dietary intake, metabolic parameters and body composition, PCOS women showed an inverse correlation between dietetic fiber intake and HOMA-IR index (r = -0.365; p = 0.024). Also in PCOS group, dietary fiber intake presented an inverse correlation with total body fat (r = -0.401; p = 0.011), trunk fat (r = -0.388; p = 0.015), and android fat (r = -0.431; p = 0.006). PCOS women group had higher glucose 120', compared to those without PCOS (p = 0.015). Conclusion These results provide evidence that the adequate intake of dietary fiber contributes to more appropriate body composition and glucose metabolism in PCOS women and possibly toward the prevention of chronic non-communicable diseases.
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Observational studies that included BMI-matched controls still identified a higher prevalence of cardiometabolic risk factors in individuals with PCOS, irrespective of BMI.
“observational studies that included BMI-matched controls still identified a higher prevalence of cardiometabolic risk factors in individuals with PCOS, irrespective of BMI [10,21,28,29,30,31].”
From Moving beyond Weight: A Narrative Review of the Dietary and Lifestyle Management for Reducing Cardiometabolic Risk in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) (2023) · cites this paper as [28]
Individuals with PCOS have lower intakes of complex carbohydrates, fiber, unsaturated fatty acids, omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, vitamin A, folate, vitamin C, vitamin D, and magnesium compared to individuals without PCOS.
“Lower intakes of key nutrients associated with health, such as complex carbohydrates [21], fiber [11,21,23,25,28], unsaturated fatty acids [21], omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids [15,21], vitamin A, folate, vitamin C [11], vitamin D, and magnesium [39], have been reported for individuals with PCOS compared to individuals without.”
From Moving beyond Weight: A Narrative Review of the Dietary and Lifestyle Management for Reducing Cardiometabolic Risk in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) (2023) · cites this paper as [28]
Observational studies including individuals with PCOS with a healthy BMI still identified a higher prevalence of cardiometabolic risk factors between individuals with and without PCOS.
“observational studies that have included individuals with PCOS with a healthy BMI (18.5–24.9 kg/m2) still identified a higher prevalence of cardiometabolic risk factors between individuals with and without PCOS [10,11,21,22,23,25,28,30,31,33].”
From Moving beyond Weight: A Narrative Review of the Dietary and Lifestyle Management for Reducing Cardiometabolic Risk in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) (2023) · cites this paper as [28]
Individuals with PCOS have significantly higher glucose concentrations, post-load glucose, insulin concentrations, post-load insulin, and insulin resistance than individuals without PCOS.
“Individuals with PCOS have presented with significantly higher glucose concentrations [21], post-load glucose [10,20,28], insulin concentrations [10,15,20,21,22,24,29,30], post-load insulin [10,25,31], and insulin resistance [10,14,20,21,29] than individuals without PCOS.”
From Moving beyond Weight: A Narrative Review of the Dietary and Lifestyle Management for Reducing Cardiometabolic Risk in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) (2023) · cites this paper as [28]
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- Authors
- Cunha, N. B. D., Ribeiro, C. T., Silva, C. M., Rosa-e-Silva, A. C. J. D. S., & De-Souza, D. A.
- Affiliations
- Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (BR)
- Corresponding author
- Cunha, Nayara Bernardes da
- Ribeiro, Camila Toffoli
- Silva, Catarina Mendes
- De-Souza, Daurea Abadia
- Venue
- Clinical Nutrition
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2019-10
- Volume
- 38
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 2342-2348
- ISSN
- 0261-5614 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2899338406
- Cited by
- 22
- References
- 34
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 1
- FWCI
- 1.28
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- Clinical Nutrition (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Ovarian function and disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
- Keywords
- polycystic ovary syndrome, dietary fiber intake, body composition, insulin resistance, HOMA-IR, glucose metabolism, android fat, trunk fat, total body fat, overweight women, dietary habits
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Blood Glucose, Body Composition, Diet, Female, Humans, Polycystic Ovary Syndrome, Absorptiometry, Photon, Case-Control Studies, Young Adult
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