A new approach for the in vitro identification of the cytotoxicity of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles
Abstract
Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) are increasingly used in medical applications, such as targeting delivery and imaging. In the future, patients are more likely to be exposed to pharmaceutical products containing such particles. The study of toxicity of SPIONs has become of great importance in recent years, although the published data in this arena is limited. The aim of the present work is to investigate the cytotoxicity of SPIONs and the effect of the particles on the cell medium components. For this purpose, uncoated and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) coated SPIONs with narrow size distribution were synthesized via a well-known coprecipitation method. The mouse fibroblast cell line L929 was exposed to SPIONs to probe the toxicity of magnetic nanoparticles during the bio application. Changes to the cell medium caused by SPIONs were analyzed with zeta potential measurements, ultraviolet visible spectroscopy (UV/vis) and the 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. It is observed that gas vesicles are formed in SPION-treated cells. Toxicity is conventionally explained by changes in the DMEM's pH and composition due to the tendency of SPIONs to interact with biomolecules. A new procedure is proposed to examine the in vitro toxicity of nanoparticles in a more rigorous manner, which gives an improvement in the relationship between in vivo and in vitro toxicity studies.
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In vitro, upon prolonged incubation, surface-coated SPION are typically nontoxic at iron concentrations up to 10 μg/ml, while slight cytotoxicity is seen at 100 μg/ml.
“In vitro, upon prolonged incubation, surface-coated SPION are typically nontoxic at iron concentration up to and 10 μg/ml, while slight cytotoxicity is seen at 100 μg/ml.”
From Iron oxide nanoparticles: Diagnostic, therapeutic and theranostic applications (2019) · cites this paper as [122]
SPION toxicity depends on dosing, exposure time, nature of the coating material, hydrodynamic diameter of the particle and SPION-protein interactions.
“In general, SPION toxicity depends on a variety of factors, including - besides dosing and exposure time - also the nature of the coating material, the hydrodynamic diameter of the particle and SPION-protein interactions [119–122].”
From Iron oxide nanoparticles: Diagnostic, therapeutic and theranostic applications (2019) · cites this paper as [122]
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- Authors
- Mahmoudi, M., Simchi, A., Imani, M., Shokrgozar, M. A., Milani, A. S., Häfeli, U. O., & Stroeve, P.
- Affiliations
- Sharif University of Technology (IR)
- Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute (IR)
- Pasteur Institute of Iran (IR)
- University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus (CA)
- University of British Columbia (CA)
- University of California, Davis (US)
- Corresponding author
- Mahmoudi, Morteza
- Simchi, Abdolreza
- Shokrgozar, Mohammad A.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Colloids and Surfaces B Biointerfaces
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2010-01
- Volume
- 75
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 300-309
- ISSN
- 0927-7765 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2001154198
- Cited by
- 294
- References
- 52
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 18 · 2020: 22 · 2019: 22 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 25 · 2016: 23 · 2015: 23 · 2014: 25 · 2013: 18 · 2012: 26
- FWCI
- 12.62
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Colloids and Surfaces B Biointerfaces (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Characterization and Applications of Magnetic Nanoparticles
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Materials Chemistry › Nanoparticles: synthesis and applications
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Biomaterials › Nanoparticle-Based Drug Delivery
- Keywords
- superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles, nanoparticle cytotoxicity, polyvinyl alcohol coating, L929 fibroblasts, gas vesicles, zeta potential, MTT assay, co-precipitation synthesis, magnetic nanoparticles
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Cell Line, Cell Survival, Cells, Cultured, Culture Media, Dextrans, Fibroblasts, Magnetics, Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet, X-Ray Diffraction, Cell Death, Toxicity Tests, Mice, Ferrosoferric Oxide, Nanoparticles, Magnetite Nanoparticles
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