Potential impact of internet addiction and protective psychosocial factors onto depression among Hong Kong Chinese adolescents – direct, mediation and moderation effects
Abstract
Background Internet addiction (IA) is a risk factor while some psychosocial factors can be protective against depression among adolescents. Mechanisms of IA onto depression in terms of mediations and moderations involving protective factors are unknown and were investigated in this study. Methods A representative cross-sectional study was conducted among Hong Kong Chinese secondary school students (n=9518). Results Among males and females, prevalence of depression at moderate or severe level (CES-D≥21) was 38.36% and 46.13%, and that of IA (CIAS>63) was 17.64% and 14.01%, respectively. Adjusted for socio-demographics, depression was positively associated with IA [males: adjusted odds ratio (AOR)=4.22, 95% CI=3.61-4.94; females: AOR=4.79, 95% CI=3.91-5.87] and negatively associated with psychosocial factors including self-esteem, positive affect, family support, and self-efficacy (males: AOR=0.76-0.94; females: AOR=0.72-0.92, p Conclusions The high IA prevalence contributes to increased risk of prevalent depression through its direct effect, mediation (reduced level of protective factors) and moderation (reduced magnitude of protective effects) effects. Understanding to mechanisms between IA and depression through protective factors is enhanced. Screening and interventions for IA and depression are warranted, and should cultivate protective factors, and unlink negative impact of IA onto levels and effects of protective factors.
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Wu et al. found that internet addiction correlates with depression in adolescents, exerting direct, mediated, and moderating effects on depression levels.
“Similarly, Wu et al. [58] found that internet addiction correlates with depression in adolescents, exerting direct, mediated, and moderating effects on depression levels.”
From Social media addiction: associations with attachment style, mental distress, and personality (2024) · cites this paper as Wu et al. [58]
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- Authors
- Wu, A. M. S., Li, J., Lau, J. T. F., Mo, P. K. H., & Lau, M. M. C.
- Affiliations
- University of Macau (MO)
- Chinese University of Hong Kong (HK)
- Corresponding author
- Lau, Joseph T.F.
- Venue
- Comprehensive Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2016-10
- Volume
- 70
- Pages
- 41-52
- ISSN
- 0010-440X (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2423343965
- Cited by
- 47
- References
- 85
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 1
- FWCI
- 12.39
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Comprehensive Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Health and Health Services Research Fund
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Impact of Technology on Adolescents
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Sexuality, Behavior, and Technology
- Keywords
- internet addiction, adolescent depression, self-esteem, self-efficacy, family support, positive affect, mediation, moderation, sex differences, Hong Kong Chinese adolescents, high school students
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adolescent Behavior, Cross-Sectional Studies, Depression, Female, Hong Kong, Humans, Male, Surveys and Questionnaires, Risk Factors, Sex Factors, Prevalence, Behavior, Addictive, Internet, Asian People, Protective Factors
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