Ethinyl estradiol and 17β-estradiol in combined oral contraceptives: pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and risk assessment

Stanczyk, Frank Z.; Archer, David F.; Bhavnani, Bhagu R.

doi:10.1016/j.contraception.2012.12.011

Cited by 201Reproductive Health and ContraceptionEstrogen and related hormone effectsMenopause: Health Impacts and Treatments

Ethinyl estradiol and 17β-estradiol in combined oral contraceptives: pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and risk assessment

Stanczyk, Frank Z., Archer, David F., Bhavnani, Bhagu R.·2013·Contraception

DOI 10.1016/j.contraception.2012.12.011

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

The need to seek improved combined oral contraceptive (COC) efficacy, with fewer health risks and better acceptability, has been ongoing since the introduction of COCs more than 50 years ago. New progestin formulations combined with lower doses of ethinyl estradiol (EE), the predominant estrogenic component of COCs, have reduced the incidence of venous thromboembolism and other negative outcomes of COC treatment. Previous attempts to use endogenous 17β-estradiol (E₂) instead of EE were limited primarily by poor cycle control. The recent introduction of E₂-based formulations has renewed interest to determine if there are potential benefits of using E₂ in COCs. These formulations have been shown to have similar efficacy and cycle control as EE-based COCs. This review provides a brief summary of the pharmacology of EE and E₂, including metabolism, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, as well as adverse effects of these estrogens.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1016/j.contraception.2012.12.011

Cites

259 of 259 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

New combinations containing E2, its ester estradiol valerate (EV), and estetrol (E4) have proven effective in combined contraceptives.
“New combinations containing E2, its ester estradiol valerate (EV), and estetrol (E4) have proven effective in combined contraceptives.”
From Ethinylestradiol in combined hormonal contraceptive has a broader effect on serum proteome compared with estradiol valerate: a randomized controlled trial (2023) · cites this paper as Stanczyk et al., 2013
Natural estrogen-containing combined oral contraceptives induce good cycle control and provoke less marked changes in metabolic and endocrine parameters compared with ethinylestradiol.
“They induce good cycle control and provoke less marked changes in metabolic and endocrine parameters compared with EE”
From Ethinylestradiol in combined hormonal contraceptive has a broader effect on serum proteome compared with estradiol valerate: a randomized controlled trial (2023) · cites this paper as Stanczyk et al., 2013

Handbook of Physiology.
Plum, F. (1960) · Archives of Neurology · doi:10.1001/archneur.1960.03840090124020 · Cited by 10,388 · see citing works
The Steroid and Thyroid Hormone Receptor Superfamily
Evans, R. M. (1988) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.3283939 · Cited by 7,442 · see citing works
International Union of Pharmacology: Approaches to the Nomenclature of Voltage-Gated Ion Channels
Catterall, W. A., Chandy, K. G., Clapham, D. E., Gutman, G. A., Hofmann, F., Harmar, A. J., Abernethy, D. R., & Spedding, M. (2003) · Pharmacological Reviews · doi:10.1124/pr.55.4.5 · Cited by 7,126 · see citing works
The nuclear receptor superfamily: the second decade
Mangelsdorf, D. J., Thummel, C., Beato, M., Herrlich, P., Schütz, G., Umesono, K., Blumberg, B., Kastner, P., Mark, M., Chambon, P., et al. (1995) · Cell · doi:10.1016/0092-8674(95)90199-x · Cited by 6,964 · see citing works
Cloning of a novel receptor expressed in rat prostate and ovary.
Kuiper, G. G. J. M., Enmark, E., Pelto‐Huikko, M., Nilsson, S., & Gustafsson, J.-Α. (1996) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.93.12.5925 · Cited by 4,792 · see citing works
Williams Textbook of Endocrinology
Melmed, S., & Polonsky, K. С. (2016) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/c2013-0-15980-6 · Cited by 3,716 · see citing works
Clinical gynecologic endocrinology and infertility
Fritz, M. A., & Speroff, L. (1983) · Cited by 2,104 · see citing works
ON THE TREATMENT OF INOPERABLE CASES OF CARCINOMA OF THE MAMMA: SUGGESTIONS FOR A NEW METHOD OF TREATMENT, WITH ILLUSTRATIVE CASES.
Beatson, G. (1896) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(01)72384-7 · Cited by 1,609 · see citing works
Aromatase Cytochrome P450, The Enzyme Responsible for Estrogen Biosynthesis*
SIMPSON, E. R., Mahendroo, M., Means, G., Kilgore, M. W., Hinshelwood, M. M., Graham-Lorence, S. E., Amarneh, B., Ito, Y., Fisher, C. R., Michael, M. D., et al. (1994) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/edrv-15-3-342 · Cited by 1,534 · see citing works
Regulation of ovarian follicular development in primates: facts and hypotheses
GOUGEON, A. (1996) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/edrv-17-2-121 · Cited by 1,497 · see citing works
U.S. Medical Eligibility Criteria for Contraceptive Use, 2016
Curtis, K. M., Tepper, N. K., Jatlaoui, T. C., Berry-Bibee, E., Horton, L. G., Zapata, L. B., Simmons, K. B., Pagano, H. P., Jamieson, D. J., & Whiteman, M. K. (2016) · MMWR. Recommendations and Reports · doi:10.15585/mmwr.rr6503a1 · Cited by 1,456 · see citing works
Breast cancer and hormonal contraceptives: collaborative reanalysis of individual data on 53 297 women with breast cancer and 100 239 women without breast cancer from 54 epidemiological studies
(1996) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(96)90806-5 · Cited by 1,435 · see citing works
The Neuroendocrine Control of the Menstrual Cycle
Knobil, E. (1980) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-571136-4.50008-5 · Cited by 1,285 · see citing works
ON THE TREATMENT OF INOPERABLE CASES OF CARCINOMA OF THE MAMMA: SUGGESTIONS FOR A NEW METHOD OF TREATMENT, WITH ILLUSTRATIVE CASES.1
Beatson, G. (1896) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(01)72307-0 · Cited by 1,283 · see citing works
Evidence of Estrogen Receptors in Normal Human Osteoblast-Like Cells
Eriksen, E. F., Colvard, D. S., Berg, N. J., Graham, M. L., Mann, K. G., Spelsberg, T. C., & Riggs, B. L. (1988) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.3388021 · Cited by 1,227 · see citing works
Sex‐hormone binding-globulin
ANDERSON, D. C. (1974) · Clinical Endocrinology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2265.1974.tb03298.x · Cited by 1,127 · see citing works
Medical-eligibility criteria for contraceptive use
Guillebaud, J. (2001) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(00)04615-8 · Cited by 1,095 · see citing works
The serum transport of steroid hormones
SIITERI, P. K., MURAI, J. T., RAYMOURE, W. J., KUHN, R. W., HAMMOND, G. L., & NISKER, J. A. (1982) · Proceedings of the 1981 Laurentian Hormone Conference · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-571138-8.50016-0 · Cited by 770 · see citing works
Dynamics of follicular growth in the human: a model from preliminary results
Gougeon, A. (1986) · Human Reproduction · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.humrep.a136365 · Cited by 741 · see citing works
Hormonal contraception and risk of venous thromboembolism: national follow-up study
Lidegaard, O., Lokkegaard, E., Svendsen, A. L., & Agger, C. (2009) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.b2890 · Cited by 709 · see citing works
Estrogen Improves Endothelium-Dependent, Flow-Mediated Vasodilation in Postmenopausal Women
Lieberman, E. H., Gerhard, M. D., Uehata, A., Walsh, B. W., Selwyn, A. P., Ganz, P., Yeung, A. C., & Creager, M. A. (1994) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-121-12-199412150-00005 · Cited by 701 · see citing works
STEROID-PROTEIN INTERACTIONS
Westphal, U. (1963) · doi:10.21236/ad0423987 · Cited by 675 · see citing works
The venous thrombotic risk of oral contraceptives, effects of oestrogen dose and progestogen type: results of the MEGA case-control study
Vlieg, A. V. H., Helmerhorst, F. M., Vandenbroucke, J. P., Doggen, C. J. M., & Rosendaal, F. R. (2009) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.b2921 · Cited by 661 · see citing works
Adipose tissue as a source of hormones
Siiteri, P. K. (1987) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/45.1.277 · Cited by 600 · see citing works
Cervical cancer and hormonal contraceptives: collaborative reanalysis of individual data for 16 573 women with cervical cancer and 35 509 women without cervical cancer from 24 epidemiological studies
Appleby, P. (2007) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(07)61684-5 · Cited by 595 · see citing works
Vascular Actions of Estrogens: Functional Implications
Miller, V. M., & DUCKLES, S. P. (2008) · Pharmacological Reviews · doi:10.1124/pr.107.08002 · Cited by 592 · see citing works
International Union of Pharmacology. LXIV. Estrogen Receptors
Dahlman-Wright, K., Cavailles, V., Fuqua, S. A., Jordan, V. C., Katzenellenbogen, J. A., Korach, K. S., Maggi, A., Muramatsu, M., Parker, M. G., & Gustafsson, J.-Å. (2006) · Pharmacological Reviews · doi:10.1124/pr.58.4.8 · Cited by 583 · see citing works
Oral Contraceptives and the Risk of Breast Cancer
Marchbanks, P. A., McDonald, J. A., Wilson, H. G., Folger, S. G., Mandel, M. G., Daling, J. R., Bernstein, L., Malone, K. E., Ursin, G., Strom, B. L., et al. (2002) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa013202 · Cited by 567 · see citing works
WOODPECKERS' TONGUES
Gordon, D. (1976) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(76)92329-1 · Cited by 553 · see citing works
Cumulative Risk of Breast Cancer to Age 70 Years According to Risk Factor Status: Data from the Nurses' Health Study
Colditz, G. A. (2000) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/152.10.950 · Cited by 487 · see citing works
The safety of a drospirenone-containing oral contraceptive: final results from the European Active Surveillance study on Oral Contraceptives based on 142,475 women-years of observation
Dinger, J. C., Heinemann, L. A. J., & Kühl-Habich, D. (2007) · Contraception · doi:10.1016/j.contraception.2006.12.019 · Cited by 472 · see citing works
Endocrine Regulation of the Growth Plate
Nilsson, O., Marino, R., Luca, F. D., Phillip, M., & Baron, J. (2005) · Hormone Research in Paediatrics · doi:10.1159/000088791 · Cited by 445 · see citing works
Transport of Protein-Bound Hormones into Tissues in Vivo *
Pardridge, W. M. (1981) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/edrv-2-1-103 · Cited by 442 · see citing works
Oral contraceptives and the risk of breast cancer*
(2003) · Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1097/00006250-200304000-00031 · Cited by 433 · see citing works
Menopause and Breast Cancer Risk 2
Trichopoulos, D., MacMahon, B., & Cole, P. A. (1972) · JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute · doi:10.1093/jnci/48.3.605 · Cited by 421 · see citing works
The effects of different formulations of oral contraceptive agents on lipid and carbohydrate metabolism
Godsland, I. F., Crook, D., Simpson, R., Proudler, T., Felton, C., Lees, B., Anyaoku, V., Devenport, M., & Wynn, V. (1990) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199011153232003 · Cited by 417 · see citing works
Catechol estrogen quinones as initiators of breast and other human cancers: Implications for biomarkers of susceptibility and cancer prevention
Cavalieri, E. L., Chakravarti, D., Guttenplan, J. B., Hart, E., Ingle, J. N., Jankowiak, R., Muti, P. C., Rogan, E. G., Russo, J., Santen, R. J., et al. (2006) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Reviews on Cancer · doi:10.1016/j.bbcan.2006.03.001 · Cited by 408 · see citing works
Female sex and oral contraceptive use accelerate nicotine metabolism
BENOWITZ, N., LESSOVSCHLAGGAR, C., SWAN, G., & JACOBIII, P. (2006) · Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/j.clpt.2006.01.008 · Cited by 407 · see citing works
Smoking and Mortality among Older Men and Women in Three Communities
LaCroix, A. Z., Lang, J. M., Scherr, P. A., Wallace, R. B., Cornoni‐Huntley, J. C., Berkman, L. F., Curb, J. D., Evans, D. A., & Hennekens, C. H. (1991) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199106063242303 · Cited by 396 · see citing works
Aromatization of Androgens by Muscle and Adipose Tissue in Vivo*
LONGCOPE, C., PRATT, J. H., STEPHEN, H. S., & FINEBERG, S. E. (1978) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem-46-1-146 · Cited by 392 · see citing works
McARDLE'S SYNDROME
Mellick, R. S., Mahler, R., & Hughes, B. P. (1962) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(62)92145-1 · Cited by 390 · see citing works
Estrogen receptor β
Lewandowski, S. A., Kalita, K. B., & Kaczmarek, L. (2002) · FEBS Letters · doi:10.1016/s0014-5793(02)03015-6 · Cited by 378 · see citing works
Oral contraceptives and the risk of breast cancer in BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers.
Narod, S., Dubé, M.-P., Klijn, J., Lubiński, J., Lynch, H., Ghadirian, P., Provencher, D., Heimdal, K., Møller, P., Robson, M., et al. (2002) · Journal of the National Cancer Institute · doi:10.1093/jnci/94.23.1773 · Cited by 375 · see citing works
The Reduction in Risk of Ovarian Cancer Associated with Oral-Contraceptive Use
The Cancer and Steroid Hormone Study of the Centers for Disease Control and the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development* (1987) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm198703123161102 · Cited by 367 · see citing works
Effect of Estrogen/Progestin Potency on Lipid/Lipoprotein Cholesterol
WAHL, P. W., Walden, C. E., Knopp, R. H., Hoover, J., Wallace, R. B., HEISS, G. M., & Rifkind, B. M. (1983) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm198304143081502 · Cited by 362 · see citing works
Oral Contraceptive Estrogen Dose and the Risk of Deep Venous Thromboembolic Disease
Gerstman, B. B., Piper, J. M., Tomita, D. K., Ferguson, W., Stadel, B. V., & Lundin, F. E. (1991) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a115799 · Cited by 349 · see citing works
Population-based study of risk of venous thromboembolism associated with various oral contraceptives
Farmer, R., Lawrenson, R., Thompson, C., Kennedy, J., & Hambleton, I. R. (1997) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(96)07496-x · Cited by 329 · see citing works
Prospective Study of Oral Contraceptives and Hypertension Among Women in the United States
Chasan-Taber, L., Willett, W. C., Manson, J. E., Spiegelman, D., Hunter, D. J., Curhan, G., Colditz, G. A., & Stampfer, M. J. (1996) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.94.3.483 · Cited by 328 · see citing works
AROMATIZATION OF ANDROSTENEDIONE BY THE DIENCEPHALON<sup>1</sup>
Naftolin, F., Ryan, K. J., & Petro, Z. (1971) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem-33-2-368 · Cited by 321 · see citing works
CONVERSION OF ANDROSTENEDIONE TO ESTRONE BY HUMAN FAT TISSUE
Schindler, A. E., Ebert, A., & Friedrich, E. (1972) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem-35-4-627 · Cited by 319 · see citing works
Combined oral contraceptive pills for treatment of acne
Arowojolu, A. O., Gallo, M. F., Lopez, L. M., & Grimes, D. A. (2012) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd004425.pub6 · Cited by 318 · see citing works
Comparison of pharmacodynamic properties of various estrogen formulations
Mashchak, C. A., Lobo, R. A., Dozono-Takano, R., Eggena, P., Nakamura, R. M., Brenner, P. F., & Mishell, D. R. (1982) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/0002-9378(82)90218-6 · Cited by 316 · see citing works
Risk factors for acute myocardial infarction in women: evidence from the Royal College of General Practitioners' oral contraception study.
Croft, P., & Hannaford, P. C. (1989) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.298.6667.165 · Cited by 316 · see citing works
Aromatization of Androgens by Human Abdominal and Breast Fat Tissue1
NIMROD, A., & RYAN, K. J. (1975) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem-40-3-367 · Cited by 314 · see citing works
Association between the Current Use of Low-Dose Oral Contraceptives and Cardiovascular Arterial Disease: A Meta-Analysis
Baillargeon, J., McClish, D. K., Essah, P. A., & Nestler, J. E. (2005) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2004-1958 · Cited by 298 · see citing works
Risk of venous thrombosis: obesity and its joint effect with oral contraceptive use and prothrombotic mutations
Pomp, E. R., le Cessie, S., Rosendaal, F. R., & Doggen, C. J. M. (2007) · British Journal of Haematology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2141.2007.06780.x · Cited by 293 · see citing works
Estrogen Metabolism and Risk of Breast Cancer: A Prospective Study of the 2:16α-Hydroxyestrone Ratio in Premenopausal and Postmenopausal Women
Muti, P. C., Bradlow, H. L., Micheli, A., Krogh, V., Freudenheim, J. L., Schünemann, H. J., Stanulla, M., Yang, J., Sepkovic, D. W., Trevisan, M., et al. (2000) · Epidemiology · doi:10.1097/00001648-200011000-00004 · Cited by 266 · see citing works
U.S. Medical Eligibility Criteria for Contraceptive Use, 2010
Curtis, K. M., Tepper, N. K., & Marchbanks, P. A. (2011) · Journal of Women s Health · doi:10.1089/jwh.2011.2851 · Cited by 262 · see citing works
Oral contraceptives and venous thromboembolism: findings in a large prospective study.
Vessey, M. P., Mant, D., Smith, A., & Yeates, D. (1986) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.292.6519.526 · Cited by 257 · see citing works
Abnormal oxidative metabolism of estradiol in women with breast cancer.
Schneider, J., Kinne, D. W., Fracchia, A. A., Pierce, V. K., Anderson, K. E., Bradlow, H. L., & Fishman, J. (1982) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.79.9.3047 · Cited by 254 · see citing works
Biological Role of Estrogen and Estrogen Receptors
Nilsson, S. V., & Gustafsson, J.-Å. (2002) · Critical Reviews in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology · doi:10.1080/10409230290771438 · Cited by 244 · see citing works
Mortality among contraceptive pill users: cohort evidence from Royal College of General Practitioners' Oral Contraception Study
Hannaford, P. C., Iversen, L., Macfarlane, T. V., Elliott, A. M., Angus, V., & Lee, A. J. (2010) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.c927 · Cited by 240 · see citing works
Genotoxic metabolites of estradiol in breast: potential mechanism of estradiol induced carcinogenesis
Yue, W., Santen, R. J., Wang, J.-P., Li, Y., Verderame, M. F., Bocchinfuso, W. P., Korach, K. S., Devanesan, P. D., Todorović, R., Rogan, E. G., et al. (2003) · The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology · doi:10.1016/s0960-0760(03)00377-7 · Cited by 238 · see citing works
Effects of Ultralow-Dose Transdermal Estradiol on Bone Mineral Density: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Ettinger, B. B., Ensrud, K. E., Wallace, R. B., Johnson, K., Cummings, S. R., Yankov, V., Vittinghoff, E., & Grady, D. G. (2004) · Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1097/01.aog.0000137833.43248.79 · Cited by 237 · see citing works
Smoking increases the risk of venous thrombosis and acts synergistically with oral contraceptive use
Pomp, E. R., Rosendaal, F. R., & Doggen, C. J. M. (2007) · American Journal of Hematology · doi:10.1002/ajh.21059 · Cited by 236 · see citing works
Covalent binding of the endogenous estrogen 16 alpha-hydroxyestrone to estradiol receptor in human breast cancer cells: characterization and intranuclear localization.
Swaneck, G. E., & Fishman, J. H. (1988) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.85.21.7831 · Cited by 233 · see citing works
Steroidogenic Acute Regulatory Protein (StAR) Is A Sterol Transfer Protein
Kallen, C. B., Billheimer, J. T., Summers, S. A., Stayrook, S. E., Lewis, M., & Strauss, J. F. (1998) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.273.41.26285 · Cited by 217 · see citing works
(BROWNE FJ),+BROWNE FJ: FRANCIS JAMES BROWNE.
Si, J., & Willis, A. T. (1963) · PubMed · Cited by 216 · see citing works
Urinary estrogen metabolites and breast cancer: a case-control study.
Kabat, G. C., Chang, C., Sparano, J. A., Sepkovie, D. W., Hu, X. P., Khalil, A. I., Rosenblatt, R., & Bradlow, H. L. (1997) · PubMed · Cited by 211 · see citing works
Estradiol 16 alpha-hydroxylation in the mouse correlates with mammary tumor incidence and presence of murine mammary tumor virus: a possible model for the hormonal etiology of breast cancer in humans.
Bradlow, H. L., Hershcopf, R. J., Martucci, C. P., & Fishman, J. (1985) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.82.18.6295 · Cited by 204 · see citing works
Biliary excretion and intestinal metabolism of progesterone and estrogens in man
Adlercreutz, H., & Martin, F. (1980) · Journal of Steroid Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/0022-4731(80)90196-x · Cited by 200 · see citing works
Ultralow-Dose Micronized 17β-Estradiol and Bone Density and Bone Metabolism in Older Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Prestwood, K. M., Kenny, A. M., Kleppinger, A., & Kulldorff, M. (2003) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.290.8.1042 · Cited by 200 · see citing works
Monographs on Endocrinology
Dale, D. G. (2009) · Andrologia · doi:10.1111/j.1439-0272.1973.tb00879.x · Cited by 198 · see citing works
COMPARISON OF EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT COMBINED ORAL-CONTRACEPTIVE FORMULATIONS ON CARBOHYDRATE AND LIPID METABOLISM
Wynn, V., Godsland, I., Niththyananthan, R., ADAMS, P. W., Melrose, J., Oakley, N. W., & Seed, M. (1979) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(79)92949-0 · Cited by 196 · see citing works
First-time use of newer oral contraceptives and the risk of venous thromboembolism
Suissa, S., Blais, L., Spitzer, W. O., Cusson, J. R., Lewis, M., & Heinemann, L. A. J. (1997) · Contraception · doi:10.1016/s0010-7824(97)00119-4 · Cited by 192 · see citing works
2-Hydroxyestrone: the 'good' estrogen
Bradlow, H. L., Telang, N., Sepkovic, D. W., & Osborne, M. P. (1996) · Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1677/joe.0.150s259 · Cited by 189 · see citing works
Molecular pathology and mechanism of action of the steroidogenic acute regulatory protein, StARProceedings of Xth International Congress on Hormonal Steroids, Quebec, Canada, 17–21 June 1998.
Miller, W. L., & Strauss, J. F. (1999) · The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology · doi:10.1016/s0960-0760(98)00153-8 · Cited by 184 · see citing works
Studies on Phenolic Steroids in Human Subjects. II. The Metabolic Fate and Hepato-Biliary-Enteric Circulation of C14-Estrone and C14-Estradiol in Women1
Sandberg, A. A., & Slaunwhite, W. R. (1957) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci103524 · Cited by 184 · see citing works
Does oral contraceptive use increase the risk of breast cancer in women with BRCA1/BRCA2 mutations more than in other women?
Ursin, G., Henderson, B. E., Haile, R. W., Pike, M. C., Zhou, N., Diep, A. T., & Bernstein, L. (1997) · PubMed · Cited by 182 · see citing works
Concentration of Unconjugated Estrone and Estradiol in Peripheral Plasma in Nonpregnant Women Throughout the Menstrual Cycle, Castrate and Postmenopausal Women and in Men1
Baird, D. T., & Guevara, A. P. (1969) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem-29-2-149 · Cited by 176 · see citing works
Myocardial Infarction and Cigarette Smoking in Women Younger Than 50 Years of Age
Rosenberg, L. A. (1985) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.1985.03350440043028 · Cited by 174 · see citing works
Effect of ritonavir on the pharmacokinetics of ethinyl oestradiol in healthy female volunteers
Ouellet, D., Hsu, A., Qian, J. X., Locke, C. S., Eason, C. J., Cavanaugh, J. H., Leonard, J. M., & Granneman, G. R. (1998) · British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2125.1998.00749.x · Cited by 173 · see citing works
Metabolic clearance rates and interconversions of estrone and 17β-estradiol in normal males and females
Longcope, C., Layne, D. S., & Tait, J. F. (1968) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci105718 · Cited by 167 · see citing works
Ethinyl Estradiol, Not Progestogens, Reduces Lamotrigine Serum Concentrations
Reimers, A., Helde, G., & Brodtkorb, E. (2005) · Epilepsia · doi:10.1111/j.1528-1167.2005.10105.x · Cited by 165 · see citing works
Evaluation of a new generation of oral contraceptives. The Advisory Board for the New Progestins.
Speroff, L., & DeCherney, A. H. (1993) · PubMed · Cited by 164 · see citing works
The use of oral contraceptives and the occurrence of acute myocardial infarction in young women
Lewis, M. A., Heinemann, L. A. J., Spitzer, W. O., MacRae, K. D., & Bruppacher, R. (1997) · Contraception · doi:10.1016/s0010-7824(97)00118-2 · Cited by 163 · see citing works
Aromatization of Androstenedione by Cultured Human Fibroblasts
Schweikert, H. U., Milewich, L., & Wilson, J. D. (1976) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem-43-4-785 · Cited by 158 · see citing works
Breast cancer and hormonal contraceptives: further results
Calle, E. E., Heath, C. W., Miracle-McMahill, H. L., Coates, R., Liff, J., Franceschi, S., Talamini, R., Chantarakul, N., Koetsawang, S., Rachawat, D., et al. (1996) · Contraception · doi:10.1016/s0010-7824(15)30002-0 · Cited by 155 · see citing works
Steroid Formation by Isolated and Recombined Ovarian Granulosa and Thecal Cells
Ryan, K. J., Petro, Z., & Kaiser, J. (1968) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem-28-3-355 · Cited by 155 · see citing works
The G protein-coupled estrogen receptor GPER/GPR30 as a regulator of cardiovascular function
Meyer, M. R., Prossnitz, E. R., & Barton, M. (2011) · Vascular Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.vph.2011.06.003 · Cited by 153 · see citing works
Efficacy, cycle control, and side effects of low- and lower-dose oral contraceptives: a randomized trial of 20 μg and 35 μg estrogen preparations
Rosenberg, M. J., Meyers, A., & Roy, V. (1999) · Contraception · doi:10.1016/s0010-7824(99)00109-2 · Cited by 152 · see citing works
Human placental 3β-hydroxy-5-ene-steroid dehydrogenase and steroid 5→ 4-ene-isomerase: Purification from mitochondria and kinetic profiles, biophysical characterization of the purified mitochondrial and microsomal enzymes
Thomas, J. L., Myers, R. P., & Strickler, R. C. (1989) · Journal of Steroid Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/0022-4731(89)90296-3 · Cited by 148 · see citing works
Oral contraception and stroke. Evidence from the Royal College of General Practitioners' Oral Contraception Study.
Hannaford, P. C., Croft, P. R., & Kay, C. R. (1994) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/01.str.25.5.935 · Cited by 148 · see citing works
Bleeding pattern and cycle control with an estradiol-based oral contraceptive: a seven-cycle, randomized comparative trial of estradiol valerate/dienogest and ethinyl estradiol/levonorgestrel
Ahrendt, H.-J., Makalová, D., Parke, S., Mellinger, U., & Mansour, D. (2009) · Contraception · doi:10.1016/j.contraception.2009.03.018 · Cited by 147 · see citing works
RISK FACTORS FOR BENIGN BREAST DISEASE
Brinton, L. A., Vessey, M. P., Flavel, R., & Yeates, D. (1981) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a113089 · Cited by 145 · see citing works
The interconversion and aromatization of androgens by human adipose tissue
Perel, E., & KILLINGER, D. W. (1979) · Journal of Steroid Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/0022-4731(79)90514-4 · Cited by 144 · see citing works
STUDIES ON THE SECRETION AND INTERCONVERSION OF THE ANDROGENS.
VandeWiele, R. L., Pc, M., Gurpide, E., & Lieberman, S. (1963) · PubMed · Cited by 144 · see citing works
Drug interactions between oral contraceptives and antibiotics
DICKINSON, B. (2001) · Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/s0029-7844(01)01532-0 · Cited by 142 · see citing works
Localization of the Steroidogenic Acute Regulatory Protein in Human Tissues1
Pollack, S. E., Furth, E. E., Kallen, C. B., Arakane, F., Kiriakidou, M., Kozarsky, K., & Strauss, J. F. (1997) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem.82.12.4445 · Cited by 140 · see citing works
Metabolism of 17 α-ethynylestradiol in humans
Guengerich, F. P. (1990) · Life Sciences · doi:10.1016/0024-3205(90)90431-p · Cited by 138 · see citing works
Urinary 2-Hydroxyestrone/16 -Hydroxyestrone Ratio and Risk of Breast Cancer in Postmenopausal Women
Ursin, G., London, S. J., Stanczyk, F. Z., Gentzschein, E., Paganini‐Hill, A., Ross, R. K., & Pike, M. C. (1999) · JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute · doi:10.1093/jnci/91.12.1067 · Cited by 137 · see citing works
Self-citation
Contraceptives and cerebral thrombosis: a five-year national case-control study☆
Lidegaard, Ø., & Kreiner, S. (2002) · Contraception · doi:10.1016/s0010-7824(01)00306-7 · Cited by 136 · see citing works
Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Conjugated Equine Estrogens: Chemistry and Metabolism
Bhavnani, B. R. (1998) · Experimental Biology and Medicine · doi:10.3181/00379727-217-44199 · Cited by 136 · see citing works
Self-citation
The Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH) Threshold/Window Concept Examined by Different Interventions with Exogenous FSH during the Follicular Phase of the Normal Menstrual Cycle: Duration, Rather Than Magnitude, of FSH Increase Affects Follicle Development1
Schipper, I., Hop, W. C. J., & Fauser, B. C. J. M. (1998) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem.83.4.4710 · Cited by 136 · see citing works
Aromatization of Androstenedione by Isolated Human Hairs
SCHWEIKERT, H. U., MILEWICH, L., & WILSON, J. D. (1975) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem-40-3-413 · Cited by 135 · see citing works
Oral Contraceptive Use and Risk of Early-Onset Breast Cancer in Carriers and Noncarriers of BRCA1 and BRCA2 Mutations
Milne, R. L., Knight, J. A., John, E. M., Dite, G. S., Balbuena, R., Ziogas, A., Andrulis, I. L., West, D. W., Li, F. P., Southey, M. C., et al. (2005) · Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention · doi:10.1158/1055-9965.epi-04-0376 · Cited by 135 · see citing works
20 µg versus >20 µg estrogen combined oral contraceptives for contraception
Gallo, M. F., Nanda, K., Grimes, D. A., Lopez, L. M., & Schulz, K. F. (2013) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd003989.pub5 · Cited by 133 · see citing works
Mortality among oral contraceptive users: 20 year follow up of women in a cohort study.
Vessey, M. P., VILLARD‐MACKINTOSH, L., McPherson, K., & Yeates, D. (1989) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.299.6714.1487 · Cited by 132 · see citing works
Oral contraceptive efficacy and antibiotic interaction: A myth debunked
Archer, J. S., & Archer, D. F. (2002) · Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology · doi:10.1067/mjd.2002.120448 · Cited by 132 · see citing works
Self-citation
Effects of a monophasic combined oral contraceptive containing nomegestrol acetate and 17β-oestradiol compared with one containing levonorgestrel and ethinylestradiol on haemostasis, lipids and carbohydrate metabolism
Ågren, U. M., Anttila, M., Mäenpää-Liukko, K., Rantala, M.-L., Rautiainen, H., Sommer, W. F., & Mommers, E. (2011) · The European Journal of Contraception & Reproductive Health Care · doi:10.3109/13625187.2011.604450 · Cited by 130 · see citing works
Plasma Precursors of Estrogen
MacDonald, P. C., Edman, C. D., Kerber, I. J., & Siiteri, P. K. (2010) · Gynecologic Investigation · doi:10.1159/000301332 · Cited by 129 · see citing works
Estrogens, bone loss and preservation
Christiansen, C., & Lindsay, R. (1990) · Osteoporosis International · doi:10.1007/bf01880410 · Cited by 126 · see citing works
Steroid absorption and enterohepatic recycling
Adlercreutz, H., Martin, F., Järvenpää, P., & Fotsis, T. (1979) · Contraception · doi:10.1016/0010-7824(79)90094-5 · Cited by 126 · see citing works
Oral contraceptive use and the risk of early-onset breast cancer in carriers and noncarriers of BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations
Gillanders, W. E., & Simon, P. O. (2005) · The Women s Oncology Review · doi:10.1080/14733400500235731 · Cited by 123 · see citing works
The role of lipoproteins in the regulation of progesterone secretion by the human corpus luteum
Carr, B. R., MacDonald, P. C., & Simpson, E. R. (1982) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/s0015-0282(16)46511-8 · Cited by 122 · see citing works
Estrogen Carcinogenesis in Hamster Tissues: A Critical Review*
Li, J. J., & Li, S. A. (1990) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/edrv-11-4-524 · Cited by 120 · see citing works
The use of hormonal contraception among women taking anticonvulsant therapy
Gaffield, M. E., Culwell, K. R., & Lee, C. R. (2010) · Contraception · doi:10.1016/j.contraception.2010.06.013 · Cited by 112 · see citing works
Effect of low-dose oral contraceptives on androgenic markers and acne
Thorneycroft, I. H., Stanczyk, F. Z., Bradshaw, K. D., Ballagh, S. A., Nichols, M. D. N., & Weber, M. E. (1999) · Contraception · doi:10.1016/s0010-7824(99)00093-1 · Cited by 112 · see citing works
Self-citation
Localization of the Steroidogenic Acute Regulatory Protein in Human Tissues
Pollack, S. E. (1997) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.82.12.4243 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
Metabolic and Haemostatic Effects of Estradiol Valerate/Dienogest, a Novel Oral Contraceptive: A Randomized, Open-Label, Single-Centre Study
Junge, W., Mellinger, U., Parke, S., & Serrani, M. (2011) · Clinical Drug Investigation · doi:10.2165/11590220-000000000-00000 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Steroid Prehormones
Baird, D. T., Horton, R., Longcope, C., & Tait, J. F. (1968) · Perspectives in biology and medicine · doi:10.1353/pbm.1968.0053 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Efficacy and tolerability of a monophasic combined oral contraceptive containing nomegestrol acetate and 17β-oestradiol in a 24/4 regimen, in comparison to an oral contraceptive containing ethinylestradiol and drospirenone in a 21/7 regimen
Mansour, D., Verhoeven, C., Sommer, W., Weisberg, E., Taneepanichskul, S., Melis, G. B., Poromaa, I. S., & Korver, T. (2011) · The European Journal of Contraception & Reproductive Health Care · doi:10.3109/13625187.2011.614029 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Hormonal contraception and risk of endometrial cancer: a systematic review
Mueck, A. O., Seeger, H., & Rabe, T. (2010) · Endocrine Related Cancer · doi:10.1677/erc-10-0076 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Haemostatic effects of a new combined oral contraceptive, nomegestrol acetate/17β-estradiol, compared with those of levonorgestrel/ethinyl estradiol
Alhenc‐Gelas, M., Thomas, J.-L., Bachelot‐Loza, C., Remones, V., Ali, F. D., Aiach, M., Scarabin, P., & Gaussem, P. (2011) · Thrombosis and Haemostasis · doi:10.1160/th10-05-0327 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
THE EPIDEMIOLOGY OF BENIGN BREAST DISEASE
Ernster, V. L. (1981) · Epidemiologic Reviews · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.epirev.a036233 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
The role of progesterone in menstrual migraine
Somerville, B. W. (1971) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.21.8.853 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
Pharmacokinetic and pharmacological features of oestradiol valerate
Düsterberg, B., & Nishino, Y. (1982) · Maturitas · doi:10.1016/0378-5122(82)90064-0 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Newer Oral Contraceptives and the Risk of Venous Thromboembolism
Walker, A. M. (1998) · Contraception · doi:10.1016/s0010-7824(98)00014-6 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
The Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH) Threshold/Window Concept Examined by Different Interventions with Exogenous FSH during the Follicular Phase of the Normal Menstrual Cycle: Duration, Rather Than Magnitude, of FSH Increase Affects Follicle Development
Schipper, I. (1998) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.83.4.1292 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Epidemiology and endocrinology of benign breast disease
Wang, D. Y., & Fentiman, I. S. (1985) · Breast Cancer Research and Treatment · doi:10.1007/bf01806008 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Age Moderates the Short-Term Effects of Transdermal 17β-Estradiol on Endothelium-Dependent Vascular Function in Postmenopausal Women
Sherwood, A., Bower, J. K., McFetridge-Durdle, J., Blumenthal, J. A., Newby, L. K., & Hinderliter, A. L. (2007) · Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology · doi:10.1161/atvbaha.107.145383 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Oral Contraceptives and Myocardial Infarction
Radford, D. J., & Oliver, M. F. (1973) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.3.5877.428 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Oral contraceptives, clotting factors, and thrombosis
Meade, T. W. (1982) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/s0002-9378(16)32484-x · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Effects of newer oral contraceptives on the inhibition of coagulation and fibrinolysis in relation to dosage and type of steroid
Jespersen, J., Petersen, K. R., & Skouby, S. O. (1990) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/0002-9378(90)90590-4 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Bias in the Evaluation of Low-Magnitude Associations: An Empirical Perspective
Shapiro, S. (2000) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a010135 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Free and Protein-Bound Plasma Estradiol-17β During the Menstrual Cycle
Wu, C.-H., Motohashi, T., Abdel-Rahman, H., Flickinger, G. L., & MIKHAIL, G. (1976) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem-43-2-436 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
A Prospective Study of Oral Contraceptives and NIDDM Among U.S. Women
Chasan‐Taber, L., Willett, W. C., Stampfer, M. J., Hunter, D. J., Colditz, G. A., Spiegelman, D. L., & Manson, J. E. (1997) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.20.3.330 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Smoking, Estradiol Metabolism and Hormone Replacement Therapy
Mueck, A. O., & Seeger, H. (2005) · Current Medicinal Chemistry - Cardiovascular & Hematological Agents · doi:10.2174/1568016052773270 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Efficacy and safety of a novel oral contraceptive based on oestradiol (oestradiol valerate/dienogest): A Phase III trial
Palacios, S., Wildt, L., Parke, S., Machlitt, A., Römer, T., & Bitzer, J. (2009) · European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology · doi:10.1016/j.ejogrb.2009.11.001 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Nomegestrol acetate, a novel progestogen for oral contraception
Mueck, A. O., & Sitruk-Ware, R. L. (2011) · Steroids · doi:10.1016/j.steroids.2011.02.002 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
The Physiology and Pathology of the Female Reproductive Axis
Bulun, S. E., Adashi, E. Y., & Bulun, S. E. (2007) · Time to knit · doi:10.1016/b978-1-4160-2911-3.50018-2 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
The effects of seven monophasic oral contraceptive regimens on hemostatic variables: conclusions from a large randomized multicenter study
(2003) · Contraception · doi:10.1016/s0010-7824(02)00476-6 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Recurrent use of newer oral contraceptives and the risk of venous thromboembolism
Suissa, S. (2000) · Human Reproduction · doi:10.1093/humrep/15.4.817 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Hormonal contraception and mental health: results of a population-based study
Toffol, E., Heikinheimo, O., Koponen, P., Luoto, R. M., & Partonen, T. (2011) · Human Reproduction · doi:10.1093/humrep/der269 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Ovulation inhibition with four variations of a four-phasic estradiol valerate/dienogest combined oral contraceptive: results of two prospective, randomized, open-label studies
Endrikat, J., Parke, S., Trummer, D., Schmidt, W., Duijkers, I. J. M., & Klipping, C. (2008) · Contraception · doi:10.1016/j.contraception.2008.05.004 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
The metabolism of estradiol; oral compared to intravenous administration
Longcope, C., Gorbach, S. L., Goldin, B. R., Woods, M. N., Dwyer, J. T., & Warram, J. H. (1985) · Journal of Steroid Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/0022-4731(85)90068-8 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
A randomized controlled trial of four doses of transdermal estradiol for preventing postmenopausal bone loss
Weiss, S. (1999) · Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/s0029-7844(99)00313-0 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
A dose-ranging trial of a matrix transdermal 17β-estradiol for the prevention of bone loss in early postmenopausal women
Delmas, P. D., Pornel, B., Felsenberg, D., Garnero, P., Hardy, P., Pilate, C., & Dain, M. (1999) · Bone · doi:10.1016/s8756-3282(99)00076-9 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Obesity, insulin, sex steroids and ovulation
Nestler, J. E. (2000) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/sj.ijo.0801282 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Coronary atherosclerosis and myocardial infarction in young women — role of oral contraceptives
Engel, H. J., ENGEL, E., & Lichtlen, P. R. (1983) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.eurheartj.a061365 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Oral contraceptives and individual variability of circulating levels of ethinyl estradiol and progestins
Goldzieher, J. W., & Stanczyk, F. Z. (2008) · Contraception · doi:10.1016/j.contraception.2008.02.020 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Self-citation
The Saga of the Ring B Unsaturated Equine Estrogens*
Bhavnani, B. R. (1988) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/edrv-9-4-396 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Self-citation
Smoking, Estradiol Metabolism and Hormone Replacement Therapy
Mueck, A. O., & Seeger, H. (2011) · Arzneimittelforschung · doi:10.1055/s-0031-1297063 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Clinical aspects of the relationship between oral contraceptives, abnormalities in carbohydrate metabolism, and the development of cardiovascular disease
GASPARD, U. J., & Lefèbvre, P. J. (1990) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/0002-9378(90)90578-u · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Pharmacology of the contraceptive steroids
Hobkirk, R. (1994) · Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1016/1043-2760(94)90064-7 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Pharmacology of the Contraceptive Steroids
Goldzieher, J. W., & Fotherby, K. (1994) · The Endocrinologist · doi:10.1097/00019616-199411000-00011 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Studies on phenolic steroids in human subjects
Slaunwhite, W. R., & Sandberg, A. A. (1956) · Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics · doi:10.1016/0003-9861(56)90065-0 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
METABOLISM OF ETHYNYLOESTRADIOL IN MAN
REED, M. J., Fotherby, K., & Steele, S. J. (1972) · Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1677/joe.0.0550351 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Safety Evaluation of Modern Oral Contraceptives
Crook, D., & Godsland, I. F. (1998) · Contraception · doi:10.1016/s0010-7824(98)00018-3 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
The molecular determinants of estrogen receptor pharmacology
McDonnell, D. P. (2004) · Maturitas · doi:10.1016/j.maturitas.2004.03.006 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Oral contraceptives and benign breast disease: an update of findings in a large cohort study
Vessey, M. P., & Yeates, D. (2007) · Contraception · doi:10.1016/j.contraception.2007.08.011 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Comparison of a 24-day and a 21-day pill regimen for the novel combined oral contraceptive, nomegestrol acetate and 17 -estradiol (NOMAC/E2): a double-blind, randomized study
Christin‐Maître, S., Serfaty, D., Chabbert‐Buffet, N., Ochsenbein, E., Chassard, D., & Thomas, J. (2011) · Human Reproduction · doi:10.1093/humrep/der058 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Pharmacology of contraceptive steroids: A brief review
Goldzieher, J. W. (1989) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/s0002-9378(89)80010-9 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
A cohort study of oral contraceptive use and risk of benign breast disease
Rohan, T. E., & Miller, A. B. (1999) · International Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-0215(19990719)82:2 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Efficacy, Safety, and Tolerability of a Monophasic Oral Contraceptive Containing Nomegestrol Acetate and 17β-Estradiol
Westhoff, C. L., Kaunitz, A. M., Korver, T., Sommer, W., Bahamondes, L. G., Darney, P. D., & Verhoeven, C. (2012) · Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1097/aog.0b013e318250c3a0 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Effect of four combined oral contraceptives on blood pressure in the pill-free interval
Nichols, M., Robinson, G., Bounds, W., Newman, B., & Guillebaud, J. (1993) · Contraception · doi:10.1016/0010-7824(93)90034-5 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
An open label, comparative study of the effects of a dose-reduced oral contraceptive containing 20 μg ethinyl estradiol and 100 μg levonorgestrel on hemostatic, lipids, and carbohydrate metabolism variables
Endrikat, J., Klipping, C., Cronin, M., Gerlinger, C., Ruebig, A., Schmidt, W., & Düsterberg, B. (2002) · Contraception · doi:10.1016/s0010-7824(01)00316-x · Cited by 57 · see citing works
A 1-year randomized study to evaluate the effects of a dose reduction in oral contraceptives on lipids and carbohydrate metabolism: 20 μg ethinyl estradiol combined with 100 μg levonorgestrel
Skouby, S. O., Endrikat, J., Düsterberg, B., Schmidt, W., Gerlinger, C., Wessel, J., Goldstein, H., & Jespersen, J. (2005) · Contraception · doi:10.1016/j.contraception.2004.08.017 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Review of clinical experience with estradiol in combined oral contraceptives
Fruzzetti, F., & Bitzer, J. (2009) · Contraception · doi:10.1016/j.contraception.2009.08.010 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Oral Contraceptives and Venous Thromboembolism
Reid, R. L., Westhoff, C. L., Mansour, D., de Vries, C., Verhaeghe, J., Boschitsch, E., Gompel, A., Birkhäuser, M., Křepelka, P., Ďulíček, P., et al. (2010) · Journal of Family Planning and Reproductive Health Care · doi:10.1783/147118910791749425 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Pharmacokinetics of estradiol, free and total estrone, in young women following single intravenous and oral administration of 17 beta-estradiol.
Kuhnz, W., Gansau, C., & Mahler, M. (1993) · PubMed · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Risk of venous thromboembolism among users of oral contraceptives: a review of two recently published studies
Shapiro, S., & Dinger, J. (2010) · Journal of Family Planning and Reproductive Health Care · doi:10.1783/147118910790291037 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Reproductive Dysfunction in Women With Epilepsy: Antiepileptic Drug Effects on Sex-Steroid Hormones
Morrell, M. J., Flynn, K. L., Seale, C. G., Doñe, S., Paulson, A. J., Flaster, E. R., & Ferin, M. (2001) · CNS Spectrums · doi:10.1017/s1092852900001528 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Fate of Ingested Radiolabeled Ethynylestradiol and Its 3-Cyclopentyl Ether in Patients with Bile Fistulas
Cargill, D. I., Steinetz, B. G., Gosnell, E. R., BEACH, V. L., MELI, A., Fujimoto, G. I., & REYNOLDS, B. M. (1969) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem-29-8-1051 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
A pilot study of urinary estrogen metabolites (16alpha-OHE1 and 2-OHE1) in postmenopausal women with and without breast cancer.
Ursin, G., London, S. J., Stanczyk, F. Z., Gentzschein, E., Paganini‐Hill, A., Ross, R. K., & Pike, M. C. (1997) · Environmental Health Perspectives · doi:10.1289/ehp.97105s3601 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Self-citation
Steroidogenic factor 1 (SF-1) is essential for ovarian development and function
Hanley, N. A., Ikeda, Y., Luo, X., & Parker, K. L. (2000) · Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/s0303-7207(99)00237-3 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Bio-availability and pharmacokinetics of cyproterone acetate-14C and ethinyloestradiol-3H after oral administration as a coated tablet (SH B 209 AB)
Speck, U., Wendt, H., Schulze, P. E., & Jentsch, D. (1976) · Contraception · doi:10.1016/0010-7824(76)90083-4 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Structure Activity Relationships and Differential Interactions and Functional Activity of Various Equine Estrogens Mediated via Estrogen Receptors (ERs) ERα and ERβ
Bhavnani, B. R., Tam, S., & Lu, X. (2008) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/en.2008-0304 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Self-citation
Interaction of histones with estrogens. Covalent adduct formation with 16.alpha.-hydroxyestrone
Yu, S. C., & Fishman, J. (1985) · Biochemistry · doi:10.1021/bi00348a027 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Do urinary estrogen metabolites reflect the differences in breast cancer risk between Singapore Chinese and United States African-American and white women?
Ursin, G., Wilson, M. L., Henderson, B. E., Kolonel, L. N., Monroe, K. R., Lee, H. P., Seow, A., Yu, M. C., Stanczyk, F. Z., & Gentzschein, E. (2001) · PubMed · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Self-citation
Biogenesis of Estrogens by the Human Ovary
Ryan, K. J., & Smith, O. W. (1961) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(18)64294-2 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Haemostasis profile in smoking and nonsmoking women taking low-dose oral contraceptives
Fruzzetti, F., Ricci, C., & Fiorett, P. (1994) · Contraception · doi:10.1016/0010-7824(94)90099-x · Cited by 49 · see citing works
The Risks of Venous Thromboembolic Disease Among German Women Using Oral Contraceptives: A Database Study
Farmer, R. D. T., Todd, J. ‐., Lewis, M. A., MacRae, K. D., & Williams, T. J. (1998) · Contraception · doi:10.1016/s0010-7824(98)00002-x · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Protein binding of the contraceptive steroids gestodene, 3-keto-desogestrel and ethinylestradiol in human serum
Kuhnz, W., Pfeffer, M., & Al-Yacoub, G. (1990) · Journal of Steroid Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/0022-4731(90)90290-9 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Pharmacokinetics of three bioequivalent norethindrone/mestranol-50ug and three norethindrone/ethinyl estradiol-35ug oc formulations: Are “low-dose” pills really lower?
Brody, S. A., Turkes, A., & Goldzieher, J. W. (1989) · Contraception · doi:10.1016/0010-7824(89)90092-9 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Lipid and lipoprotein changes associated with oral contraceptive use: a randomized clinical trial.
Rt, B., Jc, R., Kruszon‐Moran, D., Kimball, A. W., Kwiterovich, P. O., & Rg, B. (1988) · PubMed · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Effects of oral contraceptives on vascular endothelium in premenopausal women
John, S., Jacobi, J., Schlaich, M. P., Delles, C., & Schmieder, R. E. (2000) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1067/mob.2000.105739 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Effects of a monophasic combined oral contraceptive containing nomegestrol acetate and 17β-oestradiol on ovarian function in comparison to a monophasic combined oral contraceptive containing drospirenone and ethinylestradiol
Duijkers, I. J. M., Klipping, C., Grob, P. R., & Korver, T. (2010) · The European Journal of Contraception & Reproductive Health Care · doi:10.3109/13625187.2010.504313 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Antibiotics and oral contraceptive failure — a case-crossover study
Toh, S., Mitchell, A. A., Anderka, M., den Berg, L. T. W. D. J., & Hernández–Dı́az, S. (2010) · Contraception · doi:10.1016/j.contraception.2010.08.020 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Combined oral contraceptives and liver disease
Hannaford, P. C., Kay, C. R., Vessey, M. P., Painter, R., & Mant, J. (1997) · Contraception · doi:10.1016/s0010-7824(97)00023-1 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
The carcinogenic activity of ethinyl estrogens is determined by both their hormonal characteristics and their conversion to catechol metabolites.
Zhu, B. T., Roy, D., & Liehr, J. G. (1993) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/endo.132.2.8381068 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Pharmacokinetics of Exogenous Natural and Synthetic Estrogens and Antiestrogens
Kuhnz, W., Blode, H., & Zimmermann, H. (1993) · Handbook of experimental pharmacology · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-60107-1_15 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
The effects of smoking on estradiol metabolism.
Tansavatdi, K., McClain, B. P., & Herrington, D. M. (2004) · PubMed · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Lipid and lipoprotein changes in women taking low-dose, triphasic oral contraceptives: A controlled, comparative, 12-month clinical trial
Notelovitz, M., FELDMAN, E. B., Gillespy, M., & Gudat, J. (1989) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/s0002-9378(89)80012-2 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
17α-Ethinyl Estradiol is More Potent than Estradiol in Receptor Interactions with Isolated Hepatic Parenchymal Cells*
Dickson, R. B., & Eisenfeld, A. J. (1981) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/endo-108-4-1511 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Oral Contraceptives and the Risk of Death From Breast Cancer
Wingo, P. A., Austin, H. D., Marchbanks, P. A., Whiteman, M. K., Hsia, J., Mandel, M. G., Peterson, H. B., & Ory, H. W. (2007) · Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1097/01.aog.0000284446.22251.6e · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Oral contraceptives and coronary heart disease: Modulation of glucose tolerance and plasma lipid risk factors by progestins
Crook, D., Godsland, I. F., & Wynn, V. (1988) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/0002-9378(88)90199-8 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Non-contraceptive benefits of oral contraceptives
Huber, J. C., Bentz, E.-K., Ott, J., & Tempfer, C. M. (2008) · Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1517/14656566.9.13.2317 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
A randomized, double-blind study of two combined oral contraceptives containing the same progestogen, but different estrogens
Task Force on Oral Contraceptives, Koetsawang, S., Mandlekar, A., Krishna, U. R., Purandare, V. N., Deshpande, C. K., Chew, S. C., Fong, R., Ratnam, S. S., Kovács, L., et al. (1980) · Contraception · doi:10.1016/0010-7824(80)90010-4 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Oral contraceptive use and glucose metabolism in a national sample of women in the United States
Troisi, R. J., Cowie, C. C., & Harris, M. I. (2000) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1067/mob.2000.105909 · Cited by 41 · see citing works

Flagged first, then by citations

9 of the 268 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.

Sorted by citations

HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis in transgender women: a subgroup analysis of the iPrEx trial
Deutsch, M. B., Glidden, D. V., Sevelius, J. M., Keatley, J. G., McMahan, V., Guanira, J. V., Kallas, E. G., Chariyalertsak, S., & Grant, R. M. (2015) · The Lancet HIV · doi:10.1016/s2352-3018(15)00206-4 · Cited by 272 · see citing works
Estrogen and thrombosis: a bench to bedside review
Abou-Ismail, M. Y., Citla Sridhar, D., & Nayak, L. (2020) · Thrombosis Research · doi:10.1016/j.thromres.2020.05.008 · Cited by 261 · see citing works
Ethinyl Estradiol and Other Human Pharmaceutical Estrogens in the Aquatic Environment: A Review of Recent Risk Assessment Data
Laurenson, J. P., Bloom, R. A., Page, S., & Sadrieh, N. K. (2014) · The AAPS Journal · doi:10.1208/s12248-014-9561-3 · Cited by 153 · see citing works
ACOG Practice Bulletin No. 206: Use of Hormonal Contraception in Women With Coexisting Medical Conditions
(2019) · Obstetrics & Gynecology · doi:10.1097/aog.0000000000003072 · Cited by 147 · see citing works
A brief guide to the menstrual cycle and oral contraceptive use for researchers in behavioral endocrinology
Hampson, E. (2020) · Hormones and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.yhbeh.2019.104655 · Cited by 136 · see citing works
Estrogen- and progesterone-mediated structural neuroplasticity in women: evidence from neuroimaging
Catenaccio, E., Mu, W., & Lipton, M. L. (2016) · Brain Structure and Function · doi:10.1007/s00429-016-1197-x · Cited by 115 · see citing works
The history of endocrine-disrupting chemicals
Darbre, P. D. (2019) · Current Opinion in Endocrine and Metabolic Research · doi:10.1016/j.coemr.2019.06.007 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Estrogens in municipal wastewater and receiving waters in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, China: Occurrence and risk assessment of mixtures
Lei, K., Lin, C., Zhu, Y. B., Chen, W., Pan, H., Sun, Z., Sweetman, A. J., Zhang, Q., & He, M. (2019) · Journal of Hazardous Materials · doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121891 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Impact of Hormone Therapy on Laboratory Values in Transgender Patients
SoRelle, J. A., Jiao, R., Gao, E., Veazey, J., Frame, I., Quinn, A. M., Day, P., Pagels, P., Gimpel, N., & Patel, K. (2019) · Clinical Chemistry · doi:10.1373/clinchem.2018.292730 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
A prospective, randomized, pharmacodynamic study of quick-starting a desogestrel progestin-only pill following ulipristal acetate for emergency contraception
Brache, V., Cochón, L., Duijkers, I. J. M., Lévy, D., Kapp, N., Monteil, C., Abitbol, J., & Klipping, C. (2015) · Human Reproduction · doi:10.1093/humrep/dev241 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Mini-review: Recent progress in the development of MoSe2 based chemical sensors and biosensors
Jiang, F., Zhao, W., & Zhang, J. (2020) · Microelectronic Engineering · doi:10.1016/j.mee.2020.111279 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Advances in Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy Detection of Endocrine Disruptors
Zamfir, L.-G., Puiu, M., & Bala, C. (2020) · Sensors · doi:10.3390/s20226443 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Pharmaco- and toxicokinetics of selected exogenous and endogenous estrogens: A review of the data and identification of knowledge gaps
Mattison, D. R., Karyakina, N. A., Goodman, M. G., & LaKind, J. S. (2014) · Critical Reviews in Toxicology · doi:10.3109/10408444.2014.930813 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Clinical drug‐drug interaction assessment of ivacaftor as a potential inhibitor of cytochrome P450 and P‐glycoprotein
Robertson, S. M. C., Luo, X., Dubey, N., Li, C., Chavan, A. B., Gilmartin, G. S., Higgins, M. D., & Mahnke, L. A. (2014) · The Journal of Clinical Pharmacology · doi:10.1002/jcph.377 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Effect of sex, menstrual cycle phase, and monophasic oral contraceptive pill use on local and central arterial stiffness in young adults
Priest, S. E., Shenouda, N., & MacDonald, M. J. (2018) · American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00039.2018 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Oral contraceptives in the central nervous system: Basic pharmacology, methodological considerations, and current state of the field.
Hampson, E. (2022) · Frontiers in neuroendocrinology (Print) · doi:10.1016/j.yfrne.2022.101040 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Novel restricted access material combined to molecularly imprinted polymer for selective magnetic solid-phase extraction of estrogens from human urine
de Oliveira, H. L., Pires, B. C., Teixeira, L. S., Dinali, L. A. F., Simões, N. S., Borges, W. D. S., & Borges, K. B. (2019) · Microchemical Journal · doi:10.1016/j.microc.2019.104043 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Hormonal replacement therapy in adolescents and young women with chemo- or radio-induced premature ovarian insufficiency: Practical recommendations
Cattoni, A., Parissone, F., Porcari, I., Molinari, S., Masera, N., Franchi, M. P., Cesaro, S., Gaudino, R., Passoni, P., & Balduzzi, A. (2020) · Blood Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.blre.2020.100730 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
A novel estetrol-containing combined oral contraceptive: European expert panel review
Gemzell‐Danielsson, K., Cagnacci, A., Chabbert‐Buffet, N., Douxfils, J., Foidart, J., Kubba, A., Lete, I., Mansour, D., Neulen, J., Neves, J., et al. (2022) · The European Journal of Contraception & Reproductive Health Care · doi:10.1080/13625187.2022.2093850 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Haemostatic and metabolic impact of estradiol pills and drospirenone-containing ethinylestradiol pills vs. levonorgestrel-containing ethinylestradiol pills: A literature review
Lete, I., Chabbert‐Buffet, N., Jamin, C., Lello, S., Lobo, P., Nappi, R. E., & Pintiaux, A. (2015) · The European Journal of Contraception & Reproductive Health Care · doi:10.3109/13625187.2015.1050091 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Sex difference or hormonal difference in mental rotation? The influence of ovarian milieu.
Peragine, D., Simeon-Spezzaferro, C., Brown, A., Gervais, N. J., Hampson, E., & Einstein, G. (2019) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2019.104488 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Voltammetric determination of 17β-estradiol in different matrices using a screen-printed sensor modified with CuPc, Printex 6L carbon and Nafion film
Wong, A., Santos, A. M., Fava, E. L., Fatibello‐Filho, O., & Sotomayor, M. D. P. T. (2019) · Microchemical Journal · doi:10.1016/j.microc.2019.03.052 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Comparative analysis of the effects of nomegestrol acetate/17 β-estradiol and drospirenone/ethinylestradiol on premenstrual and menstrual symptoms and dysmenorrhea
Witjes, H., Creinin, M. D., Poromaa, I. S., Nguyen, A. M., & Korver, T. (2015) · The European Journal of Contraception & Reproductive Health Care · doi:10.3109/13625187.2015.1016154 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Regulation of sex differences in risk-based decision making by gonadal hormones: Insights from rodent models
Orsini, C. A., Truckenbrod, L. M., & Wheeler, A.-R. (2022) · Behavioural Processes · doi:10.1016/j.beproc.2022.104663 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Effects of glyphosate-based herbicide-contaminated diets on reproductive organ toxicity and hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis hormones in weaned piglets
Fu, H., Gao, F., Wang, X., Tan, P., Qiu, S., Shi, B., & Shan, A. (2020) · Environmental Pollution · doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115596 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
What Are Endocrine Disrupters and Where Are They Found?
Darbre, P. D. (2015) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-801139-3.00001-6 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Natural and synthetic estrogens specifically alter nicotine demand and cue-induced nicotine seeking in female rats
Maher, E. E., Overby, P. F., Bull, A., Beckmann, J. S., Leyrer‐Jackson, J. M., Koebele, S. V., Bimonte‐Nelson, H. A., & Gipson, C. D. (2021) · Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2021.108756 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Cytochrome P450 Enzymes: A Review on Drug Metabolizing Enzyme Inhibition Studies in Drug Discovery and Development
Gajula, S. N. R., Pillai, M. S., Samanthula, G., & Sonti, R. (2021) · Bioanalysis · doi:10.4155/bio-2021-0132 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Insights into the Behavior of Triple-Negative MDA-MB-231 Breast Carcinoma Cells Following the Treatment with 17β-Ethinylestradiol and Levonorgestrel
Simu, S., Marcovici, I., Dobrescu, A., Malita, D. C., Dehelean, C. A., Coricovac, D. E., Olaru, F., Drăghici, G. A., & Navolan, D. B. (2021) · Molecules · doi:10.3390/molecules26092776 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Aptamer-based electrochemical assay of 17β-estradiol using a glassy carbon electrode modified with copper sulfide nanosheets and gold nanoparticles, and applying enzyme-based signal amplification
Huang, K., Liu, Y., & Zhang, J. (2014) · Microchimica Acta · doi:10.1007/s00604-014-1352-0 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Oral contraceptives and cognition: a systematic review.
Gurvich, C., Nicholls, I., Lavale, A., & Kulkarni, J. (2022) · Frontiers in neuroendocrinology (Print) · doi:10.1016/j.yfrne.2022.101052 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Spatially Explicit Large-Scale Environmental Risk Assessment of Pharmaceuticals in Surface Water in China
Zhu, Y. B., Snape, J., Jones, K. C., & Sweetman, A. J. (2019) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/acs.est.8b07054 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
How temperature rise will influence the toxic impacts of 17 α-ethinylestradiol in Mytilus galloprovincialis?
Lopes, J., Coppola, F., Soares, A. M. V. M., Meucci, V., Pretti, C., Polese, G., & Freitas, R. (2021) · Environmental Research · doi:10.1016/j.envres.2021.112279 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Pharmacokinetics of the first combination 17β-estradiol/progesterone capsule in clinical development for menopausal hormone therapy
Pickar, J. H., Bon, C., Amadio, J. M., Mirkin, S., & Bernick, B. A. (2015) · Menopause The Journal of The North American Menopause Society · doi:10.1097/gme.0000000000000467 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
No Interacting Influence of Lavender Oil Preparation Silexan on Oral Contraception Using an Ethinyl Estradiol/Levonorgestrel Combination
Heger-Mahn, D., Pabst, G., Dienel, A., Schläfke, S., & Klipping, C. (2014) · Drugs in R&D · doi:10.1007/s40268-014-0065-5 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Regulation of cognitive function by androgens and estrogens
Hampson, E. (2018) · Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.cobeha.2018.03.002 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Estrogen Continuation and Venous Thromboembolism in Penile Inversion Vaginoplasty
Nolan, I. T., Haley, C. A., Morrison, S. D., Pannucci, C. J., & Satterwhite, T. S. (2020) · The Journal of Sexual Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.jsxm.2020.10.018 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Modeling hormonal contraception in female rats: a framework for studies in behavioral neurobiology.
Lacasse, J. M., Gomez-Perales, E., & Brake, W. (2022) · Frontiers in neuroendocrinology (Print) · doi:10.1016/j.yfrne.2022.101020 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Mechanistic model of hormonal contraception
Wright, A. A., Fayad, G. N., Selgrade, J. F., & Olufsen, M. S. (2020) · PLOS Computational Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1007848 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Covalent small-molecule inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 Mpro: Insights into their design, classification, biological activity, and binding interactions
Shawky, A. M., Almalki, F. A., Alzahrani, H. A., Abdalla, A. N., Youssif, B. G. M., Ibrahim, N. A., Gamal, M., El-Sherief, H. A. M., Abdel‐Fattah, M. M., Hefny, A. A., et al. (2024) · European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116704 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Mixture effects of levonorgestrel and ethinylestradiol: Estrogenic biomarkers and hormone receptor mRNA expression during sexual programming
Säfholm, M., Jansson, E., Fick, J. B., & Berg, C. (2015) · Aquatic Toxicology · doi:10.1016/j.aquatox.2015.02.004 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Hormonal contraceptives, stress, and the brain: The critical need for animal models.
Tronson, N., & Schuh, K. M. (2022) · Frontiers in neuroendocrinology (Print) · doi:10.1016/j.yfrne.2022.101035 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Combined Oral Contraceptives As Victims of Drug Interactions
Li, L., Yang, X., Tran, D. C., Seo, S. K., & Lu, Y. (2023) · Drug Metabolism and Disposition · doi:10.1124/dmd.122.000854 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
The benefits of estetrol addition to drospirenone for contraception
Foidart, J. M., Gemzell‐Danielsson, K., Kubba, A., Douxfils, J., Creinin, M. D., & GASPARD, U. J. (2023) · AJOG Global Reports · doi:10.1016/j.xagr.2023.100266 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Developmental exposure to Ethinylestradiol affects transgenerationally sexual behavior and neuroendocrine networks in male mice
Derouiche, L., Keller, M., Duittoz, A. H., & Pillon, D. (2015) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep17457 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Downregulation of testosterone production through luteinizing hormone receptor regulation in male rats exposed to 17α-ethynylestradiol
Lin, P., Kuo, T.-H., Chen, C.-C., Jian, C.-Y., Chen, C.-W., Wang, K.-L., Kuo, Y.-C., Shen, H.-Y., Hsia, S., Wang, P. S., et al. (2020) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-020-58125-0 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
One-carbon metabolism during the menstrual cycle and pregnancy
Kim, R., Nijhout, H. F., & Reed, M. C. (2021) · PLoS Computational Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1009708 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Estradiol Valerate vs Ethinylestradiol in Combined Oral Contraceptives: Effects on the Pituitary-Ovarian Axis
Haverinen, A., Luiro, K., Kangasniemi, M. H., Piltonen, T., Hustad, S., Heikinheimo, O., & Tapanainen, J. S. (2022) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/clinem/dgac150 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Molybdenum diselenide nanosheets wraping carbon aerogel nanospheres as an advanced material for supercapacitor and electrochemical sensing
He, B. (2017) · Electrochimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.electacta.2017.10.105 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Developmental Exposure to Ethinylestradiol Affects Reproductive Physiology, the GnRH Neuroendocrine Network and Behaviors in Female Mouse
Derouiche, L., Keller, M., Martini, M., Duittoz, A. H., & Pillon, D. (2015) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2015.00463 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Estrogens and human brain networks: A systematic review of structural and functional neuroimaging studies
Ruehr, L., Hoffmann, K., May, E., Münch, M. L., Schlögl, H., & Sacher, J. (2024) · Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.yfrne.2024.101174 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Beyond Birth Control: The Neuroscience of Hormonal Contraceptives
Lacasse, J. M., Heller, C., Kheloui, S., Ismail, N., Raval, A. P., Schuh, K. M., Tronson, N. C., & Leuner, B. (2024) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.1235-24.2024 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Experts' view on the role of oestrogens in combined oral contraceptives: emphasis on oestetrol (E4)
Creinin, M. D., Cagnacci, A., Spaczyński, R., Stute, P., Chabbert‐Buffet, N., Korver, T., & Simoncini, T. (2024) · Frontiers in Global Women s Health · doi:10.3389/fgwh.2024.1395863 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Ethinylestradiol and Levonorgestrel as Active Agents in Normal Skin, and Pathological Conditions Induced by UVB Exposure: In Vitro and In Ovo Assessments
Coricovac, D. E., Watz, C. G., Nica, C., Pînzaru, I., Simu, S., Stoian, D. L., Şoica, C., Proks, M., Avram, Ș., Navolan, D. B., et al. (2018) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms19113600 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Ethinylestradiol in combined hormonal contraceptive has a broader effect on serum proteome compared with estradiol valerate: a randomized controlled trial
Kangasniemi, M. H., Arffman, R. K., Joenväärä, S., Haverinen, A., Luiro, K., Tohmola, T., Renkonen, R., Heikinheimo, O., Tapanainen, J. S., & Piltonen, T. T. (2023) · Human Reproduction · doi:10.1093/humrep/deac250 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Effects of estradiol- and ethinylestradiol-based contraceptives on adrenal steroids: a randomized trial
Kangasniemi, M. H., Arffman, R. K., Haverinen, A., Luiro, K., Hustad, S., Heikinheimo, O., Tapanainen, J. S., & Piltonen, T. T. (2022) · Contraception · doi:10.1016/j.contraception.2022.08.009 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Combined oral contraceptives containing estradiol valerate vs ethinylestradiol on coagulation: A randomized clinical trial
Haverinen, A., Luiro, K., Szántó, T., Kangasniemi, M. H., Hiltunen, L. M., Sainio, S., Piltonen, T., Lassila, R., Tapanainen, J. S., & Heikinheimo, O. (2022) · Acta Obstetricia Et Gynecologica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/aogs.14428 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Pharmacologic Considerations for Preexposure Prophylaxis in Transgender Women
Anderson, P. L., Reirden, D. H., & Castillo‐Mancilla, J. (2016) · JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes · doi:10.1097/qai.0000000000001105 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Exposure to endocrine disruptors 17alpha-ethinylestradiol and estradiol influences cytochrome P450 1A1-mediated genotoxicity of benzo[a]pyrene and expression of this enzyme in rats
Stiborová, M., Dračínská, H., Bořek-Dohalská, L., Klusoňová, Z., Holecová, J., Martínková, M., Schmeiser, H. H., & Arlt, V. M. (2018) · Toxicology · doi:10.1016/j.tox.2018.04.001 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Oral Contraceptives Modulate the Relationship Between Resting Brain Activity, Amygdala Connectivity and Emotion Recognition – A Resting State fMRI Study
Menting-Henry, S., Hidalgo-Lopez, E., Aichhorn, M., Kronbichler, M., Kerschbaum, H., & Pletzer, B. (2022) · Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2022.775796 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Effect-directed analysis of estrogenic chemicals in sediments from an electronic-waste recycling area
Ma, Q., Yang, X., Guo, Y., Wang, Y., Liu, Y., Zhang, S., Xie, H. Q., Xiang, T., Li, Z., Nie, T., et al. (2022) · Environmental Pollution · doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119369 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
The primary health care of transgender adults
Aitken, S. (2017) · Sexual Health · doi:10.1071/sh17048 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Effects of oral contraceptives on spatial cognition depend on pharmacological properties and phase of the contraceptive cycle
Hampson, E., Morley, E. E., Evans, K. L., & Fleury, C. (2022) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2022.888510 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Morphologic alterations of the fear circuitry: the role of sex hormones and oral contraceptives
Brouillard, A., Davignon, L., Turcotte, A.-M., & Marin, M. (2023) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2023.1228504 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Oestrogens in oral contraception: considerations for tailoring prescription to women’s needs
Fruzzetti, F., Fidecicchi, T., & Gambacciani, M. (2024) · The European Journal of Contraception & Reproductive Health Care · doi:10.1080/13625187.2024.2334350 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Responses in reproductive organs, steroid hormones and CYP450 enzymes in female Mongolian gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus) over time after quinestrol treatment
Su, Q., Chen, Y., Qin, J., Wang, T.-L., Wang, D., & Liu, Q. (2017) · Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology · doi:10.1016/j.pestbp.2017.08.008 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Risk–Benefit Assessment of Ethinylestradiol Using a Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Modeling Approach
Ezuruike, U. F., Humphries, H., Dickins, M., Neuhoff, S., Gardner, I. B., & Yeo, K. R. (2018) · Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1002/cpt.1085 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Methods and considerations for the use of hormonal contraceptives in rat models of neurobehavior.
Hilz, E. N. (2022) · Frontiers in neuroendocrinology (Print) · doi:10.1016/j.yfrne.2022.101011 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Evaluation of the toxic effect of endocrine disruptor Bisphenol A (BPA) in the acute and chronic toxicity tests with Pomacea lineata gastropod
de Andrade, A. L. C., Soares, P. R. L., da Silva, S. C. B. L., da Silva, M. C. G., Santos, T. P., Cadena, M. R. S., Soares, P. C., & Cadena, P. G. (2017) · Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C Toxicology & Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.cbpc.2017.04.002 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Factors Associated With Serum Estradiol Levels Among Postmenopausal Women Using Hormone Therapy
Sriprasert, I., Kono, N., Karim, R., Hodis, H. N., Stanczyk, F. Z., Shoupe, D., & Mack, W. J. (2020) · Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1097/aog.0000000000004006 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Self-citation
A Multi-Center, Open-Label, Pharmacokinetic Drug Interaction Study of Erenumab and a Combined Oral Contraceptive in Healthy Females
Xu, Y., Gabriel, K., Wang, Y., Zhou, Y., Eisele, O., Vutikullird, A., Mikol, D. D., & Lee, E. W. (2019) · CNS Drugs · doi:10.1007/s40263-019-00626-2 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Neonatal exposure to 17α-ethynyl estradiol (EE) disrupts follicle development and reproductive hormone profiles in female rats
Zhang, H., Taya, K., Nagaoka, K., Yoshida, M., & Watanabe, G. (2017) · Toxicology Letters · doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2017.05.014 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
The not-so-bitter pill: Effects of combined oral contraceptives on peripheral physiological indicators of emotional reactivity
Armbruster, D., Kirschbaum, C., & Strobel, A. (2017) · Hormones and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.yhbeh.2017.06.009 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Widespread Surveillance of Emerging Contaminants in the Yamuna River Basin: Evaluation of Surface Water, Sediments, Groundwater, and Aquatic Plants
Biswas, P., Vellanki, B. P., Ravichandran, M. K., Kazmi, A. A., & Philip, L. (2024) · ACS ES&T Water · doi:10.1021/acsestwater.3c00627 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Isolation and characterization of bacteria from activated sludge capable of degrading 17α-ethinylestradiol, a contaminant of high environmental concern
Palma, T. L., Shylova, A., & Costa, M. C. (2021) · Microbiology · doi:10.1099/mic.0.001038 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Combined effects of the contraceptive hormones, ethinyl estradiol and levonorgestrel, on the use of place and response memory in gonadally-intact female rats
Lacasse, J. M., Boulos, V., Fisher, C., Hamilton, S., Heron, M., Cionnaith, C. E. M., Peronace, V., Tito, N., & Brake, W. G. (2022) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2022.105974 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Regulation of human endothelial cell migration by oral contraceptive estrogen receptor ligands
Dama, A., Baggio, C., Trevisi, L., Bolego, C., & Cignarella, A. (2023) · European Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.175591 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Sex, age, and sex hormones affect recall of words in a directed forgetting paradigm
Kerschbaum, H., Hofbauer, I., Gföllner, A., Ebner, B., Bresgen, N., & Bäuml, K. (2017) · Journal of Neuroscience Research · doi:10.1002/jnr.23973 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Weak Bases‐Mediated Modified Favorskii Reaction‐Type Direct Alkynylation/(E)‐Alkenylation: A Unified Rapid Access to α,β‐Unsaturated Ketones and Propargyl Alcohols
Tiwari, M. K., Yadav, L., Shyamlal, B. R. K., & Chaudhary, S. (2019) · Asian Journal of Organic Chemistry · doi:10.1002/ajoc.201900601 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Hormonal Contraception: Systemic Estrogen and Progestin Preparations.
Verma, N., Cwiak, C. A., & Kaunitz, A. M. (2021) · PubMed · doi:10.1097/grf.0000000000000634 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Reconsidering Hormone Replacement Therapy: Current Insights on Utilisation in Premenopausal and Menopausal Women: An Overview
Yanachkova, V. E., Vasileva‐Slaveva, M., Kostov, S. G., & Yordanov, A. D. (2025) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm14207156 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
17β-Oestradiol Protects from Hepatitis C Virus Infection through Induction of Type I Interferon
Barbaglia, M. N., Harris, J. M., Smirnov, A., Burlone, M. E., Rigamonti, C., Pirisi, M., Minisini, R., & Magri, A. (2022) · Viruses · doi:10.3390/v14081806 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
A review of adsorbents engineered from biological materials developed to remediate estrogen pollution in the environment
Bell, T., Tavares, J. R., & Dumont, M. (2025) · Journal of environmental chemical engineering · doi:10.1016/j.jece.2024.115274 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Disorders of Puberty: Pharmacotherapeutic Strategies for Management
Zacharin, M. (2019) · Handbook of experimental pharmacology · doi:10.1007/164_2019_208 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
A safety evaluation of current medications for adult women with the polycystic ovarian syndrome not pursuing pregnancy
Luque‐Ramírez, M., Ortiz-Flores, A. E., Nattero‐Chávez, L., & Escobar-Morreale, H. F. (2020) · Expert Opinion on Drug Safety · doi:10.1080/14740338.2020.1839409 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Estradiol/nomegestrol acetate as a first-line and rescue therapy for the treatment of ovarian and deep infiltrating endometriosis
Mariani, L. L., Novara, L., Mancarella, M., Fuso, L., Casula, E., & Biglia, N. (2021) · Gynecological Endocrinology · doi:10.1080/09513590.2021.1903420 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Aortic waveform responses to insulin in late versus early chronotype with metabolic syndrome
Remchak, M. E., Heiston, E. M., Ballantyne, A. C., Dotson, B. L., & Malin, S. K. (2022) · Physiological Reports · doi:10.14814/phy2.15473 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Weak associations between personality and contraceptive choice
Pletzer, B. A., Lang, C., Derntl, B., & Grikšienė, R. (2022) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2022.898487 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Bone impact after two years of low-dose oral contraceptive use during adolescence
Orsolini, L. R., Goldberg, T. B. L., Caldeirão, T. D., da Silva, C. C., Rizzo, A. D. C. B., Biason, T. P., Teixeira, A. S., & Nunes, H. R. D. C. (2023) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0285885 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Novel insights on premature progesterone elevation: a mini-review
Vázquez, A. C., Escobosa, C., Cortés-Algara, A. L., & Moreno-García, J. D. (2021) · JBRA · doi:10.5935/1518-0557.20210096 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Synthetic contraceptive hormones occlude the ability of nicotine to reduce ethanol consumption in ovary-intact female rats
Maher, E. E., White, A. M., Craig, A. J., Khatri, S., Kendrick, P. T., Matocha, M. E., Bondy, E. O., Pallem, N., Breakfield, G. W., Botkins, M., et al. (2023) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2023.110983 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
The impact of oral hormonal contraception on metformin action on hypothalamic‐pituitary‐thyroid axis activity in women with diabetes and prediabetes: A pilot study
Krysiak, R. G., Kowalcze, K. E., Wolnowska, M., & Okopień, B. (2020) · Journal of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics · doi:10.1111/jcpt.13105 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
An evaluation of relugolix/estradiol/norethindrone acetate for the treatment of heavy menstrual bleeding associated with uterine fibroids in premenopausal women
Ali, M. K., Chen, H.-Y., Chiang, Y., Badary, O. A., Hsia, S., & Al-Hendy, A. A. (2022) · Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1080/14656566.2022.2030705 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Assessment of the impact of chemical pollution on endangered migratory fish in two major rivers of France, including spawning grounds
Bellier, B., Bancel, S., Rochard, É., Cachot, J., Geffard, O., & Villeneuve, B. (2024) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172748 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
The squat jump and sprint force–velocity profiles of elite female football players are not influenced by the menstrual cycle phases and oral contraceptive use
Bouvier, J., Igonin, P.-H., Boithias, M., Fouré, A., Belli, A., Boisseau, N., & Martin, C. (2025) · European Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1007/s00421-025-05723-3 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Comparison of estrogens and selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) used for menopausal hormone therapy
Stanczyk, F. Z., Yang, J. L., Bennink, H. J. T. C., Sriprasert, I., Winer, S. A., Foidart, J., & Archer, D. F. (2025) · Menopause The Journal of The North American Menopause Society · doi:10.1097/gme.0000000000002547 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Self-citation
Simultaneous voltammetric determination of female hormones using different carbonaceous electrodes in a non-aqueous environment
Klikarová, J., Chromá, M., & Sýs, M. (2023) · Microchemical Journal · doi:10.1016/j.microc.2023.109219 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
A survey of bonobo (Pan paniscus) oral contraceptive pill use in North American zoos
Agnew, M. K., Asa, C. S., Clyde, V. L., Keller, D. L., & Meinelt, A. (2016) · Zoo Biology · doi:10.1002/zoo.21310 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Dietary Intake of 17α-Ethinylestradiol Promotes HCC Progression in Humanized Male Mice Expressing Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin
Lee, S. R., Jeong, S. H., Heo, J. H., Jo, S. L., Ko, J., Kwun, H., & Hong, E. (2021) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms222212557 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Nomegestrol acetate/17-beta estradiol: a review of efficacy, safety, and patient acceptability
Akintomide, H., & Panicker, S. (2015) · Open Access Journal of Contraception · doi:10.2147/oajc.s61942 · Cited by 9 · see citing works

Comparison of estrogenic components used for hormonal contraception
Stanczyk, F. Z., Winer, S. A., Foidart, J., & Archer, D. F. (2023) · Contraception · doi:10.1016/j.contraception.2023.110310 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Self-citation
Estetrol‐based combined oral contraceptives: A systematic review of clinical outcomes
Råberg, M., Vad, I. R., Axelsdóttir, K. H., & Løkkegaard, E. (2026) · Acta Obstetricia Et Gynecologica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/aogs.70203
Review of clinical experience with estradiol in combined oral contraceptives
Fruzzetti, F., & Bitzer, J. (2009) · Contraception · doi:10.1016/j.contraception.2009.08.010 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Estradiol valerate vs. ethinylestradiol in combined oral contraception : effects on metabolism, reproductive hormones and blood coagulation
Haverinen, A. (2022) · Työväentutkimus Vuosikirja
Oestrogen component of COCs: have we finally found a replacement for ethinyl estradiol?
Voedisch, A. J., & Fok, W. K. (2021) · Current Opinion in Obstetrics & Gynecology · doi:10.1097/gco.0000000000000751 · Cited by 11 · see citing works

Authors: Stanczyk, F. Z., Archer, D. F., & Bhavnani, B. R.
Affiliations: University of Southern California (US)
Eastern Virginia Medical School (US)
St. Michael's Hospital (CA)
ORCID: Stanczyk, Frank Z.
Archer, David F.
Venue: Contraception
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2013-06
Volume: 87
Issue: 6
Pages: 706-727
ISSN: 0010-7824 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.contraception.2012.12.011
OpenAlex: W2072831812
Cited by: 201
References: 268
Citations by year: 2026: 14 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 29 · 2023: 18 · 2022: 25 · 2021: 25 · 2020: 16 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 2
FWCI: 1.29
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
www.elsevier.com/legal/tdmrep-license (tdm)
Locations: Contraception (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Reproductive Health and Contraception
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Estrogen and related hormone effects
Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Menopause: Health Impacts and Treatments
Keywords: ethinyl estradiol, estradiol, combined oral contraceptives, estrogen metabolism, endogenous estradiol, venous thromboembolism, cycle control, contraceptive efficacy, risk assessment
MeSH terms: Contraceptives, Oral, Combined, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Drug Interactions, Estradiol, Estrogens, Ethinyl Estradiol, Female, Humans, Menstrual Cycle, Progestins, Progesterone, Risk Assessment

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Ethinyl estradiol and 17β-estradiol in combined oral contraceptives: pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and risk assessment

Abstract

Integrity signals

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Cites

Cited by

Related

Record

About these checks