Respiratory sinus arrhythmia: a transdiagnostic biomarker of emotion dysregulation and psychopathology
Open accessAbstract
In the past two decades, respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA)-an index of parasympathetic nervous system (PNS)-mediated cardiac control-has emerged as a reliable peripheral biomarker of emotion regulation (ER). Reduced RSA and excessive RSA reactivity (i.e., withdrawal) to emotional challenge are observed consistently among individuals with poor ER capabilities, including those with various forms of internalizing and externalizing psychopathology, and those with specific psychopathological syndromes, including anxiety, phobias, attention problems, autism, callousness, conduct disorder, depression, non-suicidal self-injury, panic disorder, and trait hostility. Emerging evidence suggests that low RSA and excessive RSA reactivity index poor ER because they are downstream peripheral markers of prefrontal cortex (PFC) dysfunction. Poorly modulated inhibitory efferent pathways from the medial PFC to the PNS result in reduced RSA and excessive RSA reactivity. According to this perspective, RSA is a non-invasive proxy for poor executive control over behavior, which characterizes most forms of psychopathology.
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Heart rate variability as a transdiagnostic biomarker of psychopathology
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“…with lower resting RSA and blunted or excessive RSA reactivity demonstrate poorer emotion regulation and higher incidence of psychopathology (e.g., Beauchaine, 2015), whereas individuals with higher resting RSA report greater subjective well-being supported by adaptive regulation (e.g., Geisler…”
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Developmental patterns of respiratory sinus arrhythmia from toddlerhood to adolescence.
Dollar, J. M., Calkins, S. D., Berry, N. T., Perry, N. B., Keane, S. P., Shanahan, L., & Wideman, L. (2020) · Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1037/dev0000894 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Smith, T. W., Deits‐Lebehn, C., Williams, P. G., Baucom, B. R. W., & Uchino, B. N. (2020) · Social and Personality Psychology Compass · doi:10.1111/spc3.12516 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Lin, B., Kaliush, P. R., Conradt, E. D., Terrell, S., Neff, D., Allen, A. K., Smid, M. C., Monk, C. E., & Crowell, S. E. (2019) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579419000336 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
“Emotion dysregulation is a multilevel construct that is commonly assessed through self-report measures and parasympathetic (PNS) activity of the autonomic nervous system (Beauchaine, 2015b).”
BackgroundInfluentialBiological and perceived stress in motor functional neurological disorders
Apazoglou, K., Mazzola, V., Wegrzyk, J., Frasca Polara, G., & Aybek, S. (2017) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2017.08.023 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
“, 2011) suggesting decreased emotion regulation (Beauchaine, 2015) and increased emotional reactivity, factors that may affect the stress response.”
Grossman, P. (2023) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2023.108739 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
“…e.g. from associations with cancer and heart disease, on the one hand, to psychiatric and behavioral disorders, on the other hand (Benichou et al., 2018; Giese-Davis et al., 2015; La Rovere et al., 1998; Beauchaine, 2015; Campbell & Wisco; Cheng et al., 2020; Clamor et al., 2016; Kemp et al. 2012).”
BackgroundInfluentialReview on Neural Correlates of Emotion Regulation and Music: Implications for Emotion Dysregulation
Hou, J.-C., Song, B., Chen, A. C., Sun, C.-G., Zhou, J.-X., Zhu, H.-D., & Beauchaine, T. P. (2017) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00501 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
“…from studies that report on effects of music–evoked emotions, arranging our review across levels of neural functions, beginning with subcortical functions involved in emotion generation, and ending with cortical functions involved in ER (see Beauchaine, 2015b; Beauchaine and Zisner, in press).”
BackgroundInfluentialSelf-citationPhysiological mechanisms of prosociality
Miller, J. G. (2017) · Current Opinion in Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.copsyc.2017.08.018 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Iacono, W. G., Malone, S. M., & Vrieze, S. I. (2016) · International Journal of Psychophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2016.07.516 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Conradt, E. D., Crowell, S. E., & Lester, B. M. (2018) · Neurobiology of Stress · doi:10.1016/j.ynstr.2018.08.005 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
“…that includes a lack of awareness and acceptance of emotions, an inability to control behaviors when experiencing distress, a lack of access to adaptive strategies for regulating emotion, and an unwillingness to experience emotional distress (Beauchaine, 2015; Leventhal and Zvolensky, 2015).”
BackgroundInfluentialFanti, K. A., Eisenbarth, H., Goble, P., Demetriou, C., Kyranides, M. N., Goodwin, D., Zhang, J., Bobak, B., & Cortese, S. (2019) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.02.016 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
“Low resting RSA (i.e., low vagal tone) and greater RSA withdrawal, reflected in reduced RSA reactivity to a stressor, is associated with maladaptive parasympathetic activity, poor emotion regulation, and increased risk of fight or flight responding (Beauchaine et al., 2001; Beauchaine, 2015).”
Neighborhood environments influence emotion and physiological reactivity
Hackman, D. A., Robert, S., Grübel, J., Weibel, R. P., Anagnostou, E., Hölscher, C., & Schinazi, V. R. (2019) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-019-45876-8 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Southward, M. W., Sauer-Zavala, S. E., & Cheavens, J. S. (2021) · Clinical Psychology Science and Practice · doi:10.1037/cps0000003 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Ostlund, B. D., Vlisides‐Henry, R. D., Crowell, S. E., Raby, K. L., Terrell, S., Brown, M. A., Tinajero, R., Shakiba, N., Monk, C. E., Shakib, J. H., et al. (2019) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579419000440 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
“…(RSA) is frequently used as a noninvasive index of inhibitory cardiac control by the vagus nerve, and is considered a reliable biomarker of emotion dysregulation (Beauchaine, 2001, 2015b; Beauchaine & Thayer, 2015; Porges, 2007; reviewed in Balzarotti, Biassoni, Colombob, & Ciceri, 2017).”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialThomson, N. D., Aboutanos, M. B., Kiehl, K. A., Neumann, C. S., Galusha, C., & Fanti, K. A. (2018) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/psyp.13276 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Sex Differences in the Impact of Racial Discrimination on Mental Health Among Black Americans
Brownlow, B. N., Sosoo, E. E., Long, R. N., Hoggard, L. S., Burford, T. I., & Hill, L. K. (2019) · Current Psychiatry Reports · doi:10.1007/s11920-019-1098-9 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Cross system autonomic balance and regulation: Associations with depression and anxiety symptoms
Stone, L. B., McCormack, C. C., & Bylsma, L. M. (2020) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/psyp.13636 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
“…PNS control has been interpreted to reflect greater conservation of resources, allowing for more flexible range of response (Porges, 2007), including greater emotion regulation capacity (Balzarotti, Biassoni, Colombo, & Ciceri, 2017; Beauchaine, 2015; Pace-Schott et al., 2019; Thayer & Lane, 2000).”
BackgroundInfluentialIs emotion regulation associated with cancer-related psychological symptoms?
Guimond, A.-J., Ivers, H., & Savard, J. (2019) · Psychology & Health · doi:10.1080/08870446.2018.1514462 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
“the central autonomic network (Porges, 2007; Thayer & Lane, 2009), a low HF-HRV has been conceptualized as a physiological, transdiagnostic marker of emotional dysregulation (Beauchaine, 2015; Thayer & Lane, 2009).”
BackgroundEmotion socialization by parents and friends: Links with adolescent emotional adjustment
Miller‐Slough, R. L., & Dunsmore, J. C. (2020) · Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.appdev.2020.101197 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Hastings, P. D., Kahle, S. S., Fleming, C. B., Lohr, M. J., Katz, L. F., & Oxford, M. L. (2018) · Developmental Science · doi:10.1111/desc.12725 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
“…childhood maltreatment may predict both lower baseline PNS activity and stronger withdrawal of parasympathetic influence in response to challenges, parallel to the pattern that Beauchaine (2015) contends is typical of individuals with poor emotion regulation and multiple forms of psychopathology.”
BackgroundInfluentialHill, L. K., & Hoggard, L. S. (2018) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579418001268 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
“…role of autonomic nervous system functioning in physical health has been well established, growing evidence suggests that activity of the parasympa-L thetic branch also may serve as an important, global index of mental health (Beauchaine, 2015; Beauchaine & Thayer, 2015; Kemp & Quintana, 2013).”
BackgroundYang, H., Wang, Z., Elhai, J. D., & Montag, C. (2022) · Journal of Behavioral Addictions · doi:10.1556/2006.2022.00038 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Auricular transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation modulates the heart-evoked potential
Poppa, T., Benschop, L., Horczak, P., Vanderhasselt, M., Carrette, E., Bechara, A., Baeken, C., & Vonck, K. E. J. (2021) · Brain stimulation · doi:10.1016/j.brs.2021.12.004 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Developmental origins of infant stress reactivity profiles: A multi‐system approach
Rash, J. A., Thomas, J. C., Campbell, T. S., Letourneau, N. L., Granger, D. A., Giesbrecht, G. F., & the APrON Study Team (2016) · Developmental Psychobiology · doi:10.1002/dev.21403 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Zhang, H., Spinrad, T. L., Eisenberg, N., Luo, Y., & Wang, Z. (2017) · International Journal of Psychophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2017.08.002 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
“…lower baseline RSA or RSA suppression (i.e., increases or low decreases in RSA) have been associated with psychopathology and other indices of maladjustment, such as emotion dysregulation, externalizing and internalizing problems (Beauchaine, 2015; Davis et al., 2016; Eisenberg et al., 2012).”
BackgroundInfluentialTabachnick, A. R., Raby, K. L., Goldstein, A., Zajac, L. A., & Dozier, M. (2019) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2019.01.006 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
“…with competent emotion regulation (Perry & Calkins, 2018), excessive reactivity has also been linked to dysregulation and psychopathology (Beauchaine, 2015; Boyce et al., 2001), especially in samples exposed to adversity (Calkins, Graziano, & Keane, 2007; Obradović, Bush, Stamperdahl,…”
BackgroundA unifying conceptual framework of factors associated to cardiac vagal control
Laborde, S., Mosley, E., & Mertgen, A. (2018) · Heliyon · doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2018.e01002 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
“, withdrawal) have been consistently observed in a wider range of emotion regulation related disorders (Beauchaine, 2015).”
BackgroundFamily Financial Stress and Adolescent Sexual Risk-Taking: The Role of Self-Regulation
Crandall, A., Magnusson, B. M., Novilla, M. L. B., Novilla, L. K. B., & Dyer, W. J. (2016) · Journal of Youth and Adolescence · doi:10.1007/s10964-016-0543-x · Cited by 48 · see citing works
“Changes in RSA have been associated with performance on executive function tasks (a reflection of prefrontal activity) as well as the disruption in self-regulatory skills (observed in pathological mental states) (Beauchaine 2015), both of which are components of self-regulation.”
BackgroundEarly life predictors of callous‐unemotional and psychopathic traits
Glenn, A. L. (2018) · Infant Mental Health Journal · doi:10.1002/imhj.21757 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
“to adapt to environmental stressors (Beauchaine, 2015; Fabes & Eisenberg, 1997).”
BackgroundIntrinsic and Extrinsic Predictors of Emotion Regulation in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Fenning, R. M., Baker, J. K., & Moffitt, J. (2018) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-018-3647-1 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
“1 3 sinus arrhythmia (RSA) is an index of parasympathetic activity that has emerged as a potential biomarker of poor regulation across diagnostic groups (Beauchaine 2015) and has been linked with emotion recognition, social functioning, and internalizing and externalizing symptoms in children with ASD (Bal et al.”
BackgroundTenenbaum, R. B., Musser, E. D., Morris, S. S. J., Ward, A. R., Raiker, J. S., Coles, E. K., & Pelham, W. E. (2018) · Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology · doi:10.1007/s10802-018-0466-y · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Poli, A., Cappellini, F., Sala, J., & Miccoli, M. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1164527 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
“, 2021a, 2022c) and has been proposed as a transdiagnostic biomarker of stress vulnerability across psychopathologies (Beauchaine, 2015; Beauchaine and Bell, 2020).”
BackgroundBody-Centered Interventions for Psychopathological Conditions: A Review
Tarsha, M. S., Park, S., & Tortora, S. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02907 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
“Increasing vagus nerve stimulation, also known as the tenth Cranial Nerve, and consequently reducing symptoms of psychopathology aligns with previous research investigating respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA), the online biomarker of parasympathetic functioning (Beauchaine, 2015).”
Hastings, P. D., & Kahle, S. S. (2019) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-17332-6_3 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
A method for measuring dynamic respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) in infants and mothers
Abney, D. H., daSilva, E. B., Lewis, G. F., & Bertenthal, B. I. (2021) · Infant Behavior and Development · doi:10.1016/j.infbeh.2021.101569 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
“Much of this research has focused on parasympathetic functioning as a physiological substrate of emotional reactivity and regulation (Beauchaine, 2015; Berntson, Quigley, & Lozano, 2007; Blandon, Calkins, Keane, & Brien, 2010).”
BackgroundPhysiological Response to Social Evaluative Threat in Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Edmiston, E. K., Jones, R. M., & Corbett, B. A. (2016) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-016-2842-1 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
“RSA may serve as a downstream marker of regulatory ability related to cortical development or dysfunction (Beauchaine 2015).”
BackgroundRespiratory sinus arrhythmia as a potential measure in substance use treatment–outcome studies
Price, C., & Crowell, S. E. (2015) · Addiction · doi:10.1111/add.13232 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
“(63) Positive change in emotion regulation capacity has been largely based on the premise that this process involves prefrontally mediated down-regulation of subcortical structures, such as the amygdala.(32) Specifically, the vagus nerve appears to mediate the link between the prefrontal cortex and cardiovascular outp…”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialHoemann, K., Khan, Z., Kamona, N., Dy, J., Barrett, L. F., & Quigley, K. S. (2021) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/psyp.13818 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
“Lower resting RSA is associated with more negative affect (Bleil et al., 2008), depression (e.g., Kemp et al., 2010; Koenig et al., 2016), anxiety (e.g., Thayer et al., 1996), and post- traumatic stress and panic disorders (Cohen et al., 2000; for a review, see Beauchaine, 2015).”
BackgroundWagner, N. J., Holochwost, S. J., Lynch, S. F., Mills-Koonce, R., & Propper, C. B. (2021) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.07.025 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Panaite, V., Hindash, A. C., Bylsma, L. M., Small, B. J., Salomon, K., & Rottenberg, J. A. (2015) · International Journal of Psychophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2015.12.002 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
“Vagal control has been studied as a key support for self-regulation (Porges, 1995), which may be compromised in depression and other mental conditions (Beauchaine, 2015).”
BackgroundAdolph, D., Teismann, T., Forkmann, T., Wannemüller, A., & Margraf, J. (2018) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2018.09.006 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
“Finally, there is evidence that low vagal tone is associated with difficulties in emotion regulation and impulse control (Beauchaine, 2015; Wilson et al., 2016) – both being associated with suicidal behavior (e.g., Dumais et al., 2005).”
Zhang, X., Gatzke‐Kopp, L. M., Fosco, G. M., & Bierman, K. L. (2020) · Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1037/dev0000794 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Sacrey, L.-A. R., Raza, S., Armstrong, V. L., Brian, J. A., Kushki, A., Smith, I. M., & Zwaigenbaum, L. (2020) · Brain and Behavior · doi:10.1002/brb3.1989 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
“A large body of work has suggested that HRV may serve as a physiological marker of emotion regulation in children (Beauchaine, 2015; Fox, 1989; Fox et al., 2000; Harper et al., 1977; Propper & Moore, 2006).”
BackgroundBell, Z. E., Shader, T. M., Webster-Stratton, C. H., Reid, M. J., & Beauchaine, T. P. (2017) · Clinical Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/2167702617727559 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Self-citationYang, X., Ram, N., Lougheed, J. P., Molenaar, P. C. M., & Hollenstein, T. (2019) · Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1037/dev0000690 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
“In general, individual differences in RSA have been found across a wide range of psychopathologies and across age (Beauchaine, 2015).”
BackgroundJopling, E. N., Gotlib, I. H., & LeMoult, J. (2020) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2020.01.007 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
“For example, both MDD and ruminative responses to stress have been linked with excessive respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) withdrawal in response to stress (Beauchaine, 2015; LeMoult et al., 2015).”
BackgroundPsychophysiological underpinnings of proactive and reactive aggression in young men and women
Thomson, N. D., Kevorkian, S. S., Blair, J., Farrell, A. D., West, S. J., & Bjork, J. M. (2021) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2021.113601 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Wagner, N. J., & Waller, R. E. (2020) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.07.029 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Bazelmans, T., Jones, E. J. H., Ghods, S. S., Corrigan, S., Toth, K., Charman, T., & Webb, S. J. (2018) · Autism Research · doi:10.1002/aur.1982 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Violence and aggression in young women: The importance of psychopathy and neurobiological function
Thomson, N. D., Kiehl, K. A., & Bjork, J. M. (2018) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2018.11.043 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
“RSA had been proposed to reflect PFC dysfunction [58].”
BackgroundPeng, S., Xu, K., Bao, S., Yuan, Y., Dai, C., & Chen, W. (2020) · IEEE Sensors Journal · doi:10.1109/jsen.2020.3012697 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
“To measure the metrics of RSA, two indicators including root mean square of successive differences (RMSSD) and peak-valley respiratory sinus arrhythmia (pvRSA) were calculated.”
BackgroundInfluentialResting respiratory sinus arrhythmia in suicide attempters
Tsypes, A., James, K. M., Woody, M. L., Feurer, C., Kudinova, A. Y., & Gibb, B. E. (2018) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/psyp.12978 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
“…is a noninvasive measure of parasympathetic influences on heart rate during inhalation versus exhalation (Allen, Chambers, & Towers, 2007; Porges, 2007) and has been proposed as a transdiagnostic biomarker of emotion (dys)regulation (for reviews, see Beauchaine, 2015; Beauchaine & Thayer, 2015).”
BackgroundThe Predictive Potential of Heart Rate Variability for Depression
Galin, S., & Keren, H. (2024) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2024.03.013 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
“…normal circumstances, the prefrontal Cortex identifies safety cues in the environment and exerts inhibitory control over subcortical circuits associated with sympathetic activation, including the central nucleus of the Amygdala (Thayer et al., 2009; Heatherton and Wagner, 2011; Beauchaine, 2015).”
Complex cardiac vagal regulation to mental and physiological stress in adolescent major depression
Mestanikova, A., Mestanik, M., Ondrejka, I., Hrtánek, I., Cesnekova, D., Jurko, A., Višňovcová, Z., Sekaninova, N., & Tonhajzerová, I. (2019) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2019.01.043 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Deschodt‐Arsac, V., Blons, E., Gilfriche, P., Spiluttini, B., & Arsac, L. M. (2020) · Entropy · doi:10.3390/e22030317 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
“A low resting vagal HRV and/or an excessive vagal tone withdrawal when one faces an acute challenge has been associated with poor health and poor effectiveness in coping with a variety of stimuli and challenges [49].”
BackgroundBellato, A., Sesso, G., Milone, A., Masi, G., & Cortese, S. (2023) · Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2023.01.017 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Gray, S. A. O., Lipschutz, R. S., & Scheeringa, M. S. (2017) · Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology · doi:10.1007/s10802-017-0326-1 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
“tivity as an indicator of clinical emotion dysregulation (Beauchaine 2015).”
BackgroundResultInfluentialJames, K. M., Woody, M. L., Feurer, C., Kudinova, A. Y., & Gibb, B. E. (2017) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2017.10.003 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
“…internalizing problems and that children from clinical/at-risk samples exhibited less RSA suppression in response to challenging tasks (e.g., negative mood inductions, cognitive tasks, social tasks) than children from community samples (Graziano & Derefinko, 2013; but see also Beauchaine, 2015).”
Kahle, S. S., Miller, J. G., Helm, J. L., & Hastings, P. D. (2018) · Developmental Psychobiology · doi:10.1002/dev.21746 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Conradt, E. D., Beauchaine, T. P., Abar, B. W., LaGasse, L. L., Shankaran, S., Bada, H. S., Bauer, C. R., Whitaker, T. M., Hammond, J. A., & Lester, B. M. (2015) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/psyp.12569 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
“For example, although it is generally assumed that higher resting levels of RSA are adaptive throughout development (see Beauchaine, 2001, 2015; Beauchaine, Gatzke-Kopp, & Mead, 2007), higher resting RSA may not predict positive outcomes in low-SES samples or in very young children (Conradt et al.,…”
InfluentialSelf-citationPuhalla, A. A., & McCloskey, M. S. (2020) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2020.107931 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Lunkenheimer, E. S., Brown, K. M., & Fuchs, A. (2021) · Developmental Psychobiology · doi:10.1002/dev.22080 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Extending Models of Sensitive Parenting of Infants to Women at Risk for Perinatal Depression
Goodman, S. H., Bakeman, R. A., McCallum, M., Rouse, M. H., & Thompson, S. F. (2017) · Parenting · doi:10.1080/15295192.2017.1262181 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
“Such a tradeoff may help account for infants’, and by proxy mothers’, differential interactive behaviors during feeding as compared to play (Beauchaine, 2015).”
Conradt, E. D., Shakiba, N., Ostlund, B. D., Terrell, S., Kaliush, P. R., Shakib, J. H., & Crowell, S. E. (2020) · Developmental Psychobiology · doi:10.1002/dev.21952 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
“Emotion dysregulation is characterized by problems with maintaining goal-directed behavior and accepting, identifying, and managing emotions (Beauchaine, 2015; Gratz & Roemer, 2004).”
BackgroundLin, I., Wang, S.-Y., Fan, S., Peper, E., Chen, S.-P., & Huang, C.-Y. (2020) · Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback · doi:10.1007/s10484-020-09483-y · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Byrd, A. L., Vine, V., Beeney, J. E., Scott, L. N., Jennings, J. R., & Stepp, S. D. (2020) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291720002810 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
“Individual variability in tonic and phasic RSA has been the focus of a growing body of literature aimed at identifying neurobiological indices of risk for psychopathology in youth (Beauchaine, 2015).”
BackgroundEarly childhood stress responses to psychosocial stressors: The state of the science
Bates, R. A., Militello, L. K., Barker, E., Villasanti, H. G., & Schmeer, K. K. (2022) · Developmental Psychobiology · doi:10.1002/dev.22320 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
“…or suppression, indicating withdrawal of the vagus nerve control over the heart and increased PNS reactivity; Zhang et al., 2017) is associated with several stress-related disorders such as anxiety, depression, and internalizing and externalizing symptoms (for a review, see Beauchaine, 2015).”
BackgroundBiological, environmental, and psychological stress and the human gut microbiome in healthy adults
Delgadillo, D. R., Borelli, J. L., Mayer, E. A., Labus, J. S., Cross, M. P., & Pressman, S. D. (2025) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-024-77473-9 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Zhang, W., Fagan, S. E., & Gao, Y. (2017) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01496 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
“…support the theory that low resting RSA is an indicator of poor emotion and attentional regulation due to inefficient prefrontal functioning (Beauchaine, 2001, 2015; Crowell et al., 2006), and demonstrate that resting RSA offers independent longitudinal prediction of behavior problems, over…”
BackgroundStone, L. B., Amole, M. C., Cyranowski, J. M., & Swartz, H. A. (2018) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2018.08.106 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
“Decreased highfrequency heart rate variability is now considered a transdiagnostic biomarker of emotion dysregulation as well as psychopathology (Beauchaine, 2015).”
BackgroundChildren’s Anxious Characteristics Predict how their Parents Socialize Emotions
Hastings, P. D., Grady, J. S., & Barrieau, L. E. (2018) · Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology · doi:10.1007/s10802-018-0481-z · Cited by 29 · see citing works
“Lower basal RSA is posited to be a biomarker of generally poorer emotion regulation (Beauchaine 2015).”
BackgroundHipwell, A. E., Tung, I., Northrup, J. B., & Keenan, K. E. (2019) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579419000324 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
“Dysfunctional or maladaptive patterns of emotion regulation (including excessive emotional reactivity, or an inability to modulate the intensity or duration of emotional expressions) are wellestablished risk factors for a wide range of childhood adjustment problems (Beauchaine, 2015; Cicchetti, Ackerman, & Izard, 1995…”
BackgroundLower resting cardiac autonomic balance in young adults with current major depression
Brush, C. J., Olson, R. L., Ehmann, P. J., Bocchine, A. J., Bates, M. E., Buckman, J. F., Leyro, T. M., & Alderman, B. L. (2019) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/psyp.13385 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
“However, most studies to date have focused solely on cardiac vagal control (e.g., Beauchaine, 2015; Rottenberg, 2007).”
Background
- Authors
- Beauchaine, T. P.
- Affiliations
- The Ohio State University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Beauchaine, Theodore P
- Venue
- Current Opinion in Psychology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2015-06
- Volume
- 3
- Pages
- 43-47
- ISSN
- 2352-250X (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4389219
- OpenAlex
- W2008969489
- Cited by
- 529
- References
- 50
- Citations by year
- 2026: 52 · 2025: 51 · 2024: 47 · 2023: 53 · 2022: 47 · 2021: 79 · 2020: 63 · 2019: 47 · 2018: 36 · 2017: 28 · 2016: 17 · 2015: 8
- FWCI
- 5.12
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Current Opinion in Psychology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH063699)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Heart Rate Variability and Autonomic Control
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Keywords
- respiratory sinus arrhythmia, emotion regulation, parasympathetic nervous system, emotional dysregulation, psychopathology, internalizing disorders, externalizing disorders, anxiety, autism spectrum disorder, depression, non-suicidal self-injury, panic disorder, trait hostility, prefrontal cortex dysfunction, executive function, peripheral biomarkers
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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