Cited by 48Mindfulness and Compassion InterventionsPsychotherapy Techniques and ApplicationsAnxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes

One-day acceptance and commitment training workshops in medical populations

Open access
Dindo, Lilian·2015·Current Opinion in Psychology

Abstract

Chronic medical illnesses often require a high level of self-management, which can be challenging, particularly over extended periods. The challenge is accentuated by comorbid depression or anxiety, which interfere with motivation and drive. Acceptance and Commitment Therapy is an empirically based behavioral intervention aimed at helping individuals develop greater psychological flexibility in the face of life's challenges. It provides a unified model of behavior change and has shown promise in treating depression and anxiety, as well as chronic medical conditions. Importantly, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy has been effectively implemented in various formats, including one-day group workshops, well-suited for dissemination into medical settings. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of studies of one-day group workshops in medical populations and suggest future directions for further development of this promising area.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1016/j.copsyc.2015.01.018

Cites

45 of 45 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Nothing to recompute.

Claims the paper makes

13 of 48 cited sources checked · 6 supported · 0 flagged · accuracy not yet measured

  • Premisecitation

    The core psychological and behavioral factors targeted by ACT are also relevant to medical illnesses.

    “Moreover, because the core psychological and behavioral factors targeted by ACT are also relevant to medical illnesses [15], ACT has further been successfully applied to addressing behavioral issues associated with such conditions as diabetes mellitus and chronic pain, among others [16].”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim1 of 1 sources checked
  • Premisecitation

    Most participants in the migraine study admitted that they would not have presented to specialized mental health care.

    “Furthermore, most admitted that they would not have presented to specialized mental health care.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim1 of 2 sources checked
    • cites [31] source
    • cites [32] source

      The Methods (Participants and Assignment; page not provided) describe screening and enrollment, while the Discussion (page not provided) discusses barriers to accessing care and psychotherapy dropout. Neither reports that most study participants said they would not have presented to specialized mental health care. Searches for that statement and for participants’ intentions to seek mental health treatment found no supporting passage. (LLM, conf=0.72)

      Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
  • Premisecitation

    Qualitative feedback from a majority of participants in the migraine study indicated that the initial appeal of the study was that it was presented as a "workshop" to improve quality of life, rather than as a "therapy", making it nonthreatening or stigmatizing.

    “Importantly, qualitative feedback from a majority of the participants indicated that the initial appeal of the study was that it was presented as a “workshop” to improve quality of life, rather than as a “therapy”, making it nonthreatening or stigmatizing.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim1 of 2 sources checked
    • cites [31] source
    • cites [32] source

      Split into 2 atoms — 0 confirmed, 2 partially supported, 0 disputed, 0 misattributed, 0 unverifiable. Expand the claim to see per-atom verdicts.

      Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
  • Premisecitation

    Effects of the ACT-IM intervention on depression at 6 months were mediated by improvement in psychological flexibility.

    “Importantly, effects of the ACT-IM intervention on depression at 6 months were mediated by improvement in psychological flexibility.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim1 of 1 sources checked
  • Premisecitation

    At 6-month follow-up, participants in the ACT-IM condition exhibited significantly greater improvements in depressive and anxiety symptoms compared to TAU.

    “At the 6-month follow-up, participants in the ACT-IM condition exhibited significantly greater improvements in depressive and anxiety symptoms.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim1 of 1 sources checked
  • May combine two claims. 18
  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim. 6
  • May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    Several meta-analyses have shown that ACT is effective for treating a wide variety of problems, with generally medium effect sizes compared with TAU, but with large effect sizes compared with wait-list controls.

    “Several meta-analyses have shown that ACT is effective for treating a wide variety of problems, with generally medium effect sizes compared with treatment as usual (TAU), but with large effect sizes compared with wait-list controls [17–19].”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim1 of 3 sources checked
    • cites [17] source

      The Discussion (p. 21) describes promising ACT outcomes across a broad range of problems. The quantitative review (p. 15) reports a medium overall effect (d = .66) and a large post-treatment effect (d = .99) for a combined group of wait-list, treatment-as-usual, and placebo comparisons. It does not report separate average effects showing medium effects against TAU and large effects against wait-list controls. (LLM, conf=0.86)

      Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
    • cites [18] source
    • cites [19] source
  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Interpretationcitation

    A 1-day workshop may be particularly useful for patients with barriers to accessing care.

    “Finally, a 1-day workshop may be particularly useful for patients with barriers to accessing care, a significant challenge in the United States, where one fourth of the population live in rural areas [6].”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim1 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [6] source

      The Discussion (page unavailable) describes barriers to care in rural communities and reports that rural residents were 1.7 times more likely than metropolitan residents to report avoiding care. The citation appears to support that background challenge, rather than the citing authors’ proposed 1-day workshop. Our copy does not substantiate the attached claim that one fourth of the U.S. population lives in rural areas. (LLM, conf=0.84)

      Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
  • May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    Most participants in the vascular study described the workshop as highly valuable, and most reported that they would not have spontaneously sought out help for their mental health struggles.

    “Most participants described the workshop as highly valuable, and most reported that they would not have spontaneously sought out help for their mental health struggles.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim1 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [35] source

      The paper describes the one-day workshop as a “feasible and acceptable alternative to weekly treatments” (discussion; page unavailable). It does not report that most participants rated it highly valuable or said they would not otherwise have sought mental-health help; searches for participant feedback and help-seeking found no such passage. (LLM, conf=0.83)

      Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
  • May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    In a 1-day ACT-ED intervention for patients with comorbid depression and migraine, participants exhibited significantly greater improvements in depressive symptoms, general functioning, and migraine-related disability at 3 months compared to TAU.

    “At the 3-month follow up, participants in the ACT-ED condition exhibited significantly greater improvements in depressive symptoms, general functioning, and migraine-related disability.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim1 of 2 sources checked
    • cites [31] source
    • cites [32] source
  • May combine two claims.

    Study design and conductcitation

    In a 1-day ACT-IM intervention for patients with cardiovascular risk factors and clinically significant anxiety or depression, the retention rate was excellent, with 100% completing the 12-week follow-up and 98% completing the 24-week visit.

    “The retention rate was excellent, with 100% of participants completing the 12-week follow-up visit and 98% completing the 24-week visit.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim1 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [35] source

      Split into 2 atoms — 0 confirmed, 2 partially supported, 0 disputed, 0 misattributed, 0 unverifiable. Expand the claim to see per-atom verdicts.

      Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
  • May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    In the same migraine study, participants in ACT-ED exhibited significant improvements in headache frequency, headache severity, medication use, and headache-related disability, as reported in daily headache diaries.

    “Furthermore, in contrast to the TAU group, participants assigned to the ACT-ED condition exhibited significant improvements in headache frequency, headache severity, medication use, and headache-related disability, as reported in daily headache diaries [33].”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim1 of 1 sources checked
  • May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    Depression and anxiety are common in patients at risk for vascular disease and independently contribute to the onset of vascular events (i.e., stroke or heart attacks) and mortality.

    “Depression and anxiety are common in patients at risk for vascular disease and independently contribute to the onset of vascular events (i.e., stroke or heart attacks) and mortality [34].”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim1 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [34] source

      The Results and Discussion report associations between anxiety disorders and existing vascular disease after adjustment for assessed risk factors; associations for mood disorders vary by sex and subtype. The Introduction cites prospective studies linking depressive or anxiety symptoms to later cardiovascular events or death. But the Discussion says this study’s cross-sectional design is not well suited to causal inference, so it does not establish that depression and anxiety independently cause the onset of vascular events or mortality. (LLM, conf=0.90)

      Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
  • May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    Implementing a 1-day ACT workshop in a primary care setting provides broad access and unitary comprehensive care for comorbid medical and psychiatric conditions.

    “Implementing a 1-day ACT workshop in a primary care setting provides broad access and unitary comprehensive care for comorbid medical and psychiatric conditions [22].”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [22] source
  • May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    Comorbidity of medical and psychiatric conditions adversely impacts quality of life and prognosis and is associated with shortened life expectancy.

    “Notably, the causal relationship between medical and psychiatric conditions may well be bidirectional; and their comorbidity adversely impacts quality of life and prognosis and is associated with shortened life expectancy [5].”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [5] source
  • May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    In a 1-day ACT study of patients with type 2 diabetes, patients who received combined diabetes education plus ACT exhibited lower blood glucose levels, better diabetes self-care, and higher levels of diabetes-related acceptance at 3 months compared to education alone.

    “Three months after the intervention, patients who had received the combined intervention exhibited lower blood glucose levels, better diabetes self-care, and higher levels of diabetes-related acceptance.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [27] source
  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim. May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    A meta-analysis of 125 studies of outpatient psychotherapy found that 50% of patients terminate study participation prematurely, with nearly 40% dropping out after only the first or second visit.

    “In fact, a meta-analysis of 125 studies of outpatient psychotherapy found that 50% of patients terminate study participation prematurely, with nearly 40% dropping out after only the first or second visit [25, 26].”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 2 sources checked
    • cites [25] source
    • cites [26] source
  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Premisecitation

    Patients with migraine have rates of depression significantly above those in the general population.

    “Patients with migraine also have rates of depression significantly above those in the general population [28].”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [28] source
  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    ACT provides a unified model of behavior change, designed to foster greater psychological flexibility in the face of life's challenges.

    “Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) is one of these novel modalities [14]. It provides a unified model of behavior change, designed to foster greater psychological flexibility in the face of life’s challenges.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [14]

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Premisecitation

    The causal relationship between medical and psychiatric conditions may well be bidirectional.

    “Notably, the causal relationship between medical and psychiatric conditions may well be bidirectional; and their comorbidity adversely impacts quality of life and prognosis and is associated with shortened life expectancy [5].”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [5] source
  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

    Premisenone given

    The Valued Living Questionnaire and the Values Bullseye, which can be used in any population, are promising but need further research support.

    “The Valued Living Questionnaire [40] and the Values Bullseye [41], which can be used in any population, are promising but need further research support.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 2 sources checked
    • cites [40] source
    • cites [41] source
  • May combine two claims.

    Interpretationnone given

    One-day group workshops in medical settings are more feasible, less stigmatizing, and more cost effective, than weekly treatments.

    “In summary, one-day group workshops in medical settings are more feasible, less stigmatizing, and more cost effective, than weekly treatments.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim
    • Rests on an assumption: The lack of treatment adherence is often the greatest obstacle to effective delivery of mental health services.
  • May combine two claims.

    Interpretationreasoning

    In summary, 1-day ACT interventions in medical populations show promise in helping patients cope with physical symptoms, reduce distress, improve health behaviors, and optimize functioning.

    “In summary, 1-day ACT interventions in medical populations show promise in helping patients cope with physical symptoms, reduce distress, improve health behaviors, and optimize functioning.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
    • Rests on an assumption: Chronic medical illnesses often require a high level of self-management, which can be challenging, particularly over extended periods.
    • Rests on an assumption: ACT goes beyond any one condition (transdiagnostic), serving to treat psychological difficulties ranging from psychosis to depression.
    • Rests on an assumption: Patients with migraine exhibit more avoidance behaviors than healthy controls.
    • Rests on an assumption: Only a third of adults in the United States with type 2 diabetes achieve glucose levels in the appropriate range.
    • Rests on an assumption: Poor glucose control in type 2 diabetes is largely attributable to psychological factors, such as stress and motivation problems, as well as other behavioral factors.
    • Rests on an assumption: Good self-management is related to lower hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c) levels and, consequently, decreased likelihood of developing diabetes-related complications.
  • May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    In the same MS study, although the experience of physical pain was unchanged, there was an improvement in the impact of pain on behavior.

    “Importantly, although the experience of physical pain was unchanged, there was an improvement in the impact of pain on behavior.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [36] source
  • May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    In a 1-day ACT workshop for patients with MS, significant improvements were found for depressive symptoms and quality of life at 3-month follow-up.

    “At the 3-month follow-up, significant improvements were found for depressive symptoms and quality of life.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [36] source
  • May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    In a 1-day ACT workshop for weight loss, patients who completed the ACT workshop exhibited improved psychological functioning and quality of life, as well as reduced weight and weight-related stigma at 3-month follow-up.

    “At the 3-month follow-up, patients who completed the ACT workshop exhibited improved psychological functioning and quality of life, as well as reduced weight and weight-related stigma.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [37] source
  • May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    The Chronic Pain Values Inventory is an example of a measure developed to assess values-based functioning specifically in patients with chronic pain and there is data showing that this measure explains improvements in functioning above other more established measures.

    “The Chronic Pain Values Inventory [38] is one example of a measure developed to assess values-based functioning specifically in patients with chronic pain and there is data showing that this measure explains improvements in functioning above other more established measures [39].”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 2 sources checked
    • cites [38] source
    • cites [39] source
21 of 21
  • The paper relies on this without support.

    Chronic medical illnesses often require a high level of self-management, which can be challenging, particularly over extended periods.

    “Chronic medical illnesses often require a high level of self-management, which can be challenging, particularly over extended periods.”
  • The paper relies on this without support.

    ACT goes beyond any one condition (transdiagnostic), serving to treat psychological difficulties ranging from psychosis to depression.

    “As a result, ACT goes beyond any one condition (i.e., transdiagnostic), serving to treat psychological difficulties ranging from psychosis to depression.”
  • The paper relies on this without support.

    Patients with migraine exhibit more avoidance behaviors than healthy controls.

    “They also exhibit more avoidance behaviors than healthy controls.”
  • The paper relies on this without support.

    Only a third of adults in the United States with type 2 diabetes achieve glucose levels in the appropriate range.

    “However, only a third of adults in the United States with type 2 diabetes achieve glucose levels in the appropriate range.”
  • The paper relies on this without support.

    Poor glucose control in type 2 diabetes is largely attributable to psychological factors, such as stress and motivation problems, as well as other behavioral factors.

    “This is largely attributable to psychological factors, such as stress and motivation problems, as well as other behavioral factors.”
  • The paper relies on this without support.

    Good self-management is related to lower hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c) levels and, consequently, decreased likelihood of developing diabetes-related complications.

    “Good self-management is related to lower hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c) levels and, consequently, decreased likelihood of developing diabetes-related complications.”
  • The paper relies on this without support.

    The lack of treatment adherence is often the greatest obstacle to effective delivery of mental health services.

    “A 1-day workshop also ensures treatment adherence and completion, the lack of which is often the greatest obstacle to effective delivery of mental health services.”
7 of 7

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Authors
Dindo, L.
Affiliations
Baylor College of Medicine (US)
Corresponding author
Dindo, Lilian
Venue
Current Opinion in Psychology
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2015-04
Volume
2
Pages
38-42
ISSN
2352-250X (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2006828595
Cited by
48
References
49
Citations by year
2026: 2 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 3
FWCI
0.63
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Current Opinion in Psychology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders
National Institute of Mental Health (K23MH097827)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Mindfulness and Compassion Interventions
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychotherapy Techniques and Applications
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
Keywords
acceptance and commitment therapy, chronic disease, self-management, psychological flexibility, depression, anxiety, comorbidities, behavior change

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