Cited by 243Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive ProcessesNeural and Behavioral Psychology StudiesCognitive Abilities and Testing

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A meta-analysis of the relationship between anxiety and attentional control

Shi, Ran, Sharpe, Louise, Abbott, Maree·2019·Clinical Psychology Review

DOI 10.1016/j.cpr.2019.101754

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Abstract

Attentional Control Theory (ACT) (Eysenck & Derakshan, 2011) proposes that attention control (AC) deficits are central to the development of anxiety. This meta-analysis investigated the size and nature of AC deficits in anxious compared to non-anxious participants. We made the following hypotheses based on ACT: i) anxiety-related AC deficits occur in the AC components of inhibition and switching, but not updating; ii) deficits will be more pronounced for AC efficiency (reaction times) than effectiveness (accuracy); iii) studies with high cognitive load conditions will observe greater deficits than studies with normal cognitive load; iv) age and anxiety level will moderate the effect of anxiety on AC. Fifty-eight studies (N = 8292) met inclusion criteria. The meta-analysis revealed a significant AC deficit for high compared to low anxiety participants (Hedges' g = -0.58). Overall, results supported assumptions of ACT: anxiety produced significant deficits in AC efficiency but not effectiveness; these deficits occurred in inhibition and switching but not updating and studies with high cognitive load conditions found larger anxiety related AC deficits. Age moderated the relationship between anxiety and AC in behavioural studies and anxiety severity moderated this relationship in self-report studies. Theoretical implications of the results are discussed, and future directions for research are proposed. This meta-analysis has been registered with PROSPERO in 2016, Registration number: CRD42016036927.

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Authors: Shi, R., Sharpe, L., & Abbott, M.
Affiliations: The University of Sydney (AU)
Corresponding author: Sharpe, Louise
ORCID: Sharpe, Louise
Abbott, Maree
Venue: Clinical Psychology Review
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2019-08
Volume: 72
Pages: 101754
ISSN: 0272-7358 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2019.101754
OpenAlex: W2962111751
Semantic Scholar: b312dd21af5ee9de7056fac69c55083410cd8f83
Cited by: 243
References: 138
Citations by year: 2026: 37 · 2025: 44 · 2024: 44 · 2023: 36 · 2022: 41 · 2021: 25 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 1
FWCI: 2.95
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
www.elsevier.com/legal/tdmrep-license (tdm)
Locations: Clinical Psychology Review (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: Faculty of Science, Monash University
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Cognitive Abilities and Testing
Keywords: anxiety, attentional control, attentional control theory, inhibition, cognitive shifting, working memory updating, cognitive load, reaction time, accuracy, age moderation, anxiety levels
MeSH terms: Anxiety Disorders, Attention, Humans, Inhibition, Psychological, Executive Function

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A meta-analysis of the relationship between anxiety and attentional control

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