Attention network functioning in children with anxiety disorders, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and non-clinical anxiety
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Research with adults suggests that anxiety is associated with poor control of executive attention. However, in children, it is unclear (a) whether anxiety disorders and non-clinical anxiety are associated with deficits in executive attention, (b) whether such deficits are specific to anxiety versus other psychiatric disorders, and (c) whether there is heterogeneity among anxiety disorders (in particular, specific phobia versus other anxiety disorders). METHOD: We examined executive attention in 860 children classified into three groups: anxiety disorders (n = 67), attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD; n = 67) and no psychiatric disorder (n = 726). Anxiety disorders were subdivided into: anxiety disorders excluding specific phobia (n = 43) and specific phobia (n = 21). The Attention Network Task was used to assess executive attention, alerting and orienting. RESULTS: Findings indicated heterogeneity among anxiety disorders, as children with anxiety disorders (excluding specific phobia) showed impaired executive attention, compared with disorder-free children, whereas children with specific phobia showed no executive attention deficit. Among disorder-free children, executive attention was less efficient in those with high, relative to low, levels of anxiety. There were no anxiety-related deficits in orienting or alerting. Children with ADHD not only had poorer executive attention than disorder-free children, but also higher orienting scores, less accurate responses and more variable response times. CONCLUSIONS: Impaired executive attention in children (reflected by difficulty inhibiting processing of task-irrelevant information) was not fully explained by general psychopathology, but instead showed specific associations with anxiety disorders (other than specific phobia) and ADHD, as well as with high levels of anxiety symptoms in disorder-free children.
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Impairment in top-down inhibitory control (indexed by the interference effect of neutral distractors on a flanker task) may vary across anxiety disorders, with less impairment in specific phobias than other anxiety disorders.
“Also, impairment in top-down inhibitory control (indexed by the interference effect of neutral distractors on a flanker task) may vary across anxiety disorders, with less impairment in specific phobias than other anxiety disorders (Mogg et al., 2015).”
From Anxiety and attention to threat: cognitive mechanisms and treatment with attention bias modification (2016) · cites this paper as Mogg et al., 2015
Anxiety is associated with impaired inhibitory control, including poor inhibition of distractors and prepotent responses on flanker and antisaccade tasks.
“Several studies indicate that anxiety is associated with impaired inhibitory control, including poor inhibition of distractors and prepotent responses on flanker and antisaccade tasks (Berggren & Derakshan, 2013;Eysenck & Derakshan, 2011;Mogg et al., 2015).”
From Anxiety and attention to threat: cognitive mechanisms and treatment with attention bias modification (2016) · cites this paper as Mogg et al., 2015
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- Authors
- Mogg, K., Salum, G. A., Bradley, B. P., Gadelha, A., Pan, P., Alvarenga, P., Rohde, L. A., Pine, D. S., & Manfro, G. G.
- Affiliations
- University of Southampton (GB)
- Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (BR)
- National Institute of Mental Health (US)
- Corresponding author
- Mogg, K.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Psychological Medicine
- Publisher
- Cambridge University Press (CUP)
- Published
- 2015-04-24
- Volume
- 45
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 2633-2646
- ISSN
- 0033-2917 (ISSN-L)
- 1469-8978
- PMC
- PMC6309546
- OpenAlex
- W1908948938
- Cited by
- 63
- References
- 60
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 2
- FWCI
- 11.08
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- europepmc.org
- Locations
- Psychological Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- ePrints Soton (University of Southampton) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (Z99 MH999999)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Keywords
- executive attention, attentional networks, anxiety disorders, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, specific phobia, children, alerting, orienting, inhibitory control, response variability
- MeSH terms
- Analysis of Variance, Anxiety, Anxiety Disorders, Attention, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Brazil, Child, Child Behavior, Psychology, Child, Female, Humans, Interview, Psychological, Male, Executive Function
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