An active inference model of conscious access: how cognitive action selection reconciles the results of report and no-report paradigms
Open accessAbstract
Cognitive theories of consciousness, such as global workspace theory and higher-order theories, posit that frontoparietal circuits play a crucial role in conscious access. However, recent studies using no-report paradigms have posed a challenge to cognitive theories by demonstrating conscious accessibility in the apparent absence of prefrontal cortex (PFC) activation. To address this challenge, this paper presents a computational model of conscious access, based upon active inference, that treats working memory gating as a cognitive action. We simulate a visual masking task and show that late P3b-like event-related potentials (ERPs), and increased PFC activity, are induced by the working memory demands of self-report generation. When reporting demands are removed, these late ERPs vanish and PFC activity is reduced. These results therefore reproduce, and potentially explain, results from no-report paradigms. However, even without reporting demands, our model shows that simulated PFC activity on visible stimulus trials still crosses the threshold for reportability - maintaining the link between PFC and conscious access. Therefore, our simulations show that evidence provided by no-report paradigms does not necessarily contradict cognitive theories of consciousness.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Active Inference has previously been deployed to model features of 'access consciousness'.
“Beyond phenomenal consciousness, Active Inference has previously been deployed to model features of 'access consciousness' (Whyte et al., 2022; Whyte & Smith, 2021) those elements in awareness that can be reported, thought about, and used to guide behaviour (Block, 1995, 2011).”
From Integrated information and predictive processing theories of consciousness: An adversarial collaborative review (2026) · cites this paper as Whyte et al., 2022
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
The organization of the human cerebral cortex estimated by intrinsic functional connectivity
Thomas Yeo, B. T., Krienen, F. M., Sepulcre, J., Sabuncu, M. R., Lashkari, D., Hollinshead, M., Roffman, J. L., Smoller, J. W., Zöllei, L., Polimeni, J. R., et al. (2011) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.00338.2011 · Cited by 9,182 · see citing works
The organization of the human cerebellum estimated by intrinsic functional connectivity
Buckner, R. L., Krienen, F. M., Castellanos, A., Diaz, J. C., & Yeo, B. T. T. (2011) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.00339.2011 · Cited by 7,304 · see citing works
Friston, K. J., Harrison, L., & Penny, W. (2003) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/s1053-8119(03)00202-7 · Cited by 4,583 · see citing works
Experimental and theoretical approaches to conscious processing
Dehaene, S., & Changeux, J.-P. (2011) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2011.03.018 · Cited by 2,573 · see citing works
Integrated information theory: from consciousness to its physical substrate
Tononi, G., Boly, M., Massimini, M., & Koch, C. (2016) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn.2016.44 · Cited by 1,727 · see citing works
Dennett, D. C. 1.-2. (1993) · Cited by 1,455 · see citing works
Dynamic models of large-scale brain activity
Breakspear, M. (2017) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn.4497 · Cited by 1,239 · see citing works
Conscious Processing and the Global Neuronal Workspace Hypothesis
Mashour, G. A., Roelfsema, P., Changeux, J.-P., & Dehaene, S. (2020) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2020.01.026 · Cited by 1,164 · cited 4× · see citing works
“In contrast, cognitive theories, such as the global neuronal workspace (GNW; Dehaene and Changeux, 2011; Mashour et al., 2020) theory and higher order theories (HOT; Brown et al., 2019), argue that consciousness requires perceptual information to be accessed by, or at least be accessible to,…”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialActive inference: a process theory
Friston, K., FitzGerald, T., Rigoli, F., Schwartenbeck, P., & Pezzulo, G. (2017) · Neural Computation · doi:10.1162/neco_a_00912 · Cited by 1,156 · see citing works
Towards a true neural stance on consciousness
Lamme, V. A. F. (2006) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2006.09.001 · Cited by 1,149 · cited 3× · see citing works
“For example, almost all major theories of visual consciousness agree that recurrent activity is a necessary element (Lamme, 2006; Mashour et al., 2020; Tononi et al., 2016).”
BackgroundFrom the phenomenology to the mechanisms of consciousness: integrated information theory 3.0
Oizumi, M., Albantakis, L., & Tononi, G. (2014) · PLoS Computational Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1003588 · Cited by 1,128 · see citing works
O’Reilly, R. C., & Frank, M. J. (2005) · Neural Computation · doi:10.1162/089976606775093909 · Cited by 1,066 · see citing works
Modelling neural correlates of working memory: A coordinate-based meta-analysis
Rottschy, C., Langner, R., Dogan, I., Reetz, K., Laird, A. R., Schulz, J. B., Fox, P. T., & Eickhoff, S. B. (2012) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.11.050 · Cited by 951 · see citing works
Timing of the brain events underlying access to consciousness during the attentional blink
Sergent, C., Baillet, S., & Dehaene, S. (2005) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn1549 · Cited by 888 · see citing works
Stimulus-Specific Delay Activity in Human Primary Visual Cortex
Serences, J. T., Ester, E. F., Vogel, E. K., & Awh, E. (2009) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.2009.02276.x · Cited by 833 · see citing works
Consciousness and the brain: deciphering how the brain codes our thoughts
Rogers, T. W. (2014) · Neuropsychoanalysis · doi:10.1080/15294145.2014.956209 · Cited by 815 · see citing works
Friston, K., FitzGerald, T., Rigoli, F., Schwartenbeck, P., O⿿Doherty, J., & Pezzulo, G. (2016) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.06.022 · Cited by 674 · see citing works
Understanding the Higher-Order Approach to Consciousness
Brown, R., Lau, H., & LeDoux, J. E. (2019) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2019.06.009 · Cited by 573 · see citing works
Boly, M., Massimini, M., Tsuchiya, N., Postle, B. R., Koch, C., & Tononi, G. (2017) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.3218-16.2017 · Cited by 557 · see citing works
No-Report Paradigms: Extracting the True Neural Correlates of Consciousness
Tsuchiya, N., Wilke, M., Frässle, S., & Lamme, V. A. F. (2015) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2015.10.002 · Cited by 551 · see citing works
Shared representations for working memory and mental imagery in early visual cortex
Albers, A. M., Kok, P., Toni, I., Dijkerman, H. C., & de Lange, F. P. (2013) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cub.2013.05.065 · Cited by 528 · see citing works
Hazy, T. E., Frank, M. J., & O’Reilly, R. C. (2007) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.2007.2055 · Cited by 450 · see citing works
Converging Intracranial Markers of Conscious Access
Gaillard, R., Dehaene, S., Adam, C., Clémenceau, S., Hasboun, D., Baulac, M., Cohen, L., & Naccache, L. (2009) · PLoS Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1000061 · Cited by 440 · see citing works
Binocular rivalry: frontal activity relates to introspection and action but not to perception
Frässle, S., Sommer, J., Jansen, A., Naber, M., & Einhäuser, W. (2014) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.4403-13.2014 · Cited by 409 · see citing works
Banishing the homunculus: Making working memory work
Hazy, T. E., Frank, M. J., & O’Reilly, R. C. (2006) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2005.04.067 · Cited by 385 · see citing works
Dopamine Does Double Duty in Motivating Cognitive Effort
Westbrook, A., & Braver, T. S. (2016) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2015.12.029 · Cited by 313 · see citing works
Pitts, M. A., Metzler, S., & Hillyard, S. A. (2014) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2014.01078 · Cited by 266 · see citing works
A step-by-step tutorial on active inference and its application to empirical data
Smith, R., Friston, K. J., & Whyte, C. J. (2022) · Journal of Mathematical Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jmp.2021.102632 · Cited by 246 · see citing works
Self-citationIntrinsic neural timescales: temporal integration and segregation
Wolff, A., Berberian, N., Golesorkhi, M., Gómez‐Pilar, J., Zilio, F., & Northoff, G. (2022) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2021.11.007 · Cited by 242 · see citing works
Deep temporal models and active inference
Friston, K. J., Rosch, R. E., Parr, T., Price, C. J., & Bowman, H. (2017) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.04.009 · Cited by 240 · see citing works
Working memory without consciousness
Soto, D., Mäntylä, T., & Silvanto, J. (2011) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cub.2011.09.049 · Cited by 233 · see citing works
Gamma band activity and the P3 reflect post-perceptual processes, not visual awareness
Pitts, M. A., Padwal, J., Fennelly, D., Martínez, A., & Hillyard, S. A. (2014) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2014.07.024 · Cited by 229 · see citing works
Working memory, attention, and salience in active inference
Parr, T., & Friston, K. J. (2017) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-017-15249-0 · Cited by 226 · see citing works
Active inference on discrete state-spaces: A synthesis
Da Costa, L., Parr, T., Sajid, N., Veselic, S., Neacsu, V., & Friston, K. (2020) · Journal of Mathematical Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jmp.2020.102447 · Cited by 226 · see citing works
Dynamic causal modelling for EEG and MEG
Kiebel, S. J., Garrido, M. I., Moran, R. J., & Friston, K. J. (2008) · Cognitive Neurodynamics · doi:10.1007/s11571-008-9038-0 · Cited by 211 · see citing works
Dehaene, S., Changeux, J.-P., & Naccache, L. (2011) · Research and Perspectives in Neurosciences · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-18015-6_4 · Cited by 209 · see citing works
Brain Mechanisms Underlying the Brief Maintenance of Seen and Unseen Sensory Information
King, J.-R., Pescetelli, N., & Dehaene, S. (2016) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2016.10.051 · Cited by 206 · see citing works
Active inference on discrete state-spaces: A synthesis
Costa, L. D., Parr, T., Sajid, N., Veselic, S., Neacsu, V., & Friston, K. J. (2020) · UCL Discovery (University College London) · Cited by 204 · see citing works
Bifurcation in brain dynamics reveals a signature of conscious processing independent of report
Sergent, C., Corazzol, M., Labouret, G., Stockart, F., Wexler, M., King, J.-R., Meyniel, F., & Pressnitzer, D. (2021) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-021-21393-z · Cited by 200 · see citing works
Panagiotaropoulos, T. I., Deco, G., Kapoor, V., & Logothetis, N. K. (2012) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2012.04.013 · Cited by 198 · see citing works
Active Inference: Demystified and Compared
Sajid, N., Ball, P. J., Parr, T., & Friston, K. J. (2021) · Neural Computation · doi:10.1162/neco_a_01357 · Cited by 178 · see citing works
Distinguishing the Neural Correlates of Perceptual Awareness and Postperceptual Processing
Cohen, M. A., Ortego, K., Kyroudis, A., & Pitts, M. A. (2020) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.0120-20.2020 · Cited by 171 · see citing works
Predictive processing as a systematic basis for identifying the neural correlates of consciousness
Hohwy, J., & Seth, A. (2020) · Philosophy and the Mind Sciences · doi:10.33735/phimisci.2020.ii.64 · Cited by 170 · see citing works
Self-citationERP and MEG correlates of visual consciousness: The second decade
Förster, J., Koivisto, M., & Revonsuo, A. (2020) · Consciousness and Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.concog.2020.102917 · Cited by 167 · see citing works
Limanowski, J., & Friston, K. (2018) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00643 · Cited by 154 · cited 3× · see citing works
“This paper presents an extension of our previous model to more general no-report paradigms by treating working memory as a type of cognitive action (Limanowski and Friston, 2018) – conceptually similar to other models positing action-like neural mechanisms for selectively gating contents into…”
BackgroundMethodJoglekar, M. R., Mejias, J. F., Yang, G. R., & Wang, X.-J. (2018) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2018.02.031 · Cited by 153 · see citing works
Attention Speeds Binocular Rivalry
Paffen, C. L. E., Alais, D., & Verstraten, F. A. J. (2006) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.2006.01777.x · Cited by 148 · see citing works
Neural mechanisms of attending to items in working memory
Manohar, S., Zokaei, N., Fallon, S. J., Vogels, T. P., & Husain, M. (2019) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.03.017 · Cited by 143 · see citing works
(2021) · UCL Discovery (University College London) · Cited by 141 · see citing works
Neuronal message passing using mean-field, bethe, and marginal approximations
Parr, T., Markovic, D., Kiebel, S. J., & Friston, K. J. (2019) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-018-38246-3 · Cited by 128 · see citing works
Minority reports: Consciousness and the prefrontal cortex
Michel, M., & Morales, J. (2019) · Mind & Language · doi:10.1111/mila.12264 · Cited by 120 · see citing works
The P3 component of the ERP reflects conscious perception, not confidence
Salti, M., Bar‐Haim, Y., & Lamy, D. (2012) · Consciousness and Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.concog.2012.01.012 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Smith, R., Lane, R. D., Parr, T., & Friston, K. J. (2019) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.09.002 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Self-citationDellert, T., Müller-Bardorff, M., Schloßmacher, I., Pitts, M. A., Hofmann, D., Bruchmann, M., & Straube, T. (2021) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.2799-20.2021 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
The predictive global neuronal workspace: a formal active inference model of visual consciousness
Whyte, C. J., & Smith, R. (2021) · Progress in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/j.pneurobio.2020.101918 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Self-citationSchloßmacher, I., Dellert, T., Pitts, M. A., Bruchmann, M., & Straube, T. (2020) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.2077-19.2020 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Human single neuron activity precedes emergence of conscious perception
Gelbard-Sagiv, H., Mudrik, L., Hill, M. R., Koch, C., & Fried, I. (2018) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-018-03749-0 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Noy, N., Bickel, S., Golumbic, E. Z., Harel, M., Golan, T., Davidesco, I., Schevon, C. A., McKhann, G. M., Goodman, R. R., Schroeder, C. E., et al. (2015) · Consciousness and Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.concog.2015.03.006 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Boly, M., Massimini, M., Tsychiya, N., et al. (2017) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/118273 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
A Step-by-Step Tutorial on Active Inference and its Application to Empirical DataPreprint
Smith, R. S., Friston, K. J., & Whyte, C. J. (2021) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/b4jm6 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Self-citationIdentifying neural correlates of visual consciousness with ALE meta-analyses
Bisenius, S., Trapp, S., Neumann, J., & Schroeter, M. L. (2015) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.07.070 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Prefrontal Computation as Active Inference
Parr, T., Rikhye, R. V., Halassa, M. M., & Friston, K. J. (2019) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhz118 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Decoding the contents of consciousness from prefrontal ensemblesPreprint
Kapoor, V., Dwarakanath, A., Safavi, S., Werner, J., Besserve, M., Panagiotaropoulos, T. I., & Logothetis, N. K. (2020) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2020.01.28.921841 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Predictive processing as an empirical theory <i>for</i> consciousness science
Seth, A. K., & Hohwy, J. (2021) · Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1080/17588928.2020.1838467 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Self-citationNeural dynamics under active inference: plausibility and efficiency of information processing
Da Costa, L., Parr, T., Sengupta, B., & Friston, K. (2021) · Entropy · doi:10.3390/e23040454 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Neural Dynamics under Active Inference: Plausibility and Efficiency of Information Processing
Costa, L. D., Parr, T., Sengupta, B., & Friston, K. J. (2021) · UCL Discovery (University College London) · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Whyte, C. J. (2019) · Consciousness and Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.concog.2019.102763 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Self-citationThe P3 Reflects Awareness and Can Be Modulated by Confidence
Ye, M., Lyu, Y., Sclodnick, B., & Sun, H. (2019) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2019.00510 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Active inference as a computational framework for consciousness
Vilas, M. G., Auksztulewicz, R., & Melloni, L. (2022) · Review of Philosophy and Psychology · doi:10.1007/s13164-021-00579-w · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Kapoor, V., Besserve, M., Logothetis, N. K., & Panagiotaropoulos, T. I. (2018) · Communications Biology · doi:10.1038/s42003-018-0225-1 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Bistability of prefrontal states gates access to consciousnessPreprint
Dwarakanath, A., Kapoor, V., Werner, J., et al. (2020) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2020.01.29.924928 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
A neuro-cognitive defense of the unified self
Smith, R. S. (2016) · Consciousness and Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.concog.2016.10.007 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Self-citationThe relationship between consciousness, understanding, and rationality
Smith, R. S. (2016) · Philosophical Psychology · doi:10.1080/09515089.2016.1172700 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Self-citationThe Misunderstood Higher-Order Approach to ConsciousnessPreprint
Brown, R., Lau, H. C., & LeDoux, J. E. (2019) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/xpy8h · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Joglekar, M. R., Mejías, J. F., Yang, G. R., et al. (2017) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/186007 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- Hohwy J. The Predictive Mind 2013 Oxford University Press
Cited by
Sorted by citations
A step-by-step tutorial on active inference and its application to empirical data
Smith, R., Friston, K. J., & Whyte, C. J. (2022) · Journal of Mathematical Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jmp.2021.102632 · Cited by 246 · see citing works
Self-citationFrom Generative Models to Generative Passages: A Computational Approach to (Neuro) Phenomenology
Ramstead, M. J. D., Seth, A. K., Hesp, C., Sandved-Smith, L., Mago, J., Lifshitz, M., Pagnoni, G., Smith, R. S., Dumas, G., Antoine Lutz, A., et al. (2022) · Review of Philosophy and Psychology · doi:10.1007/s13164-021-00604-y · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Self-citationUnpacking the complexities of consciousness: Theories and reflections
Mudrik, L., Boly, M., Dehaene, S., Fleming, S. M., Lamme, V., Seth, A., & Melloni, L. (2025) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2025.106053 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
The empirical status of predictive coding and active inference
Hodson, R., Mehta, M., & Smith, R. (2024) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105473 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Self-citationAn Introduction to Predictive Processing Models of Perception and Decision‐Making
Sprevak, M. D., & Smith, R. S. (2023) · Topics in Cognitive Science · doi:10.1111/tops.12704 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Self-citationA Step-by-Step Tutorial on Active Inference and its Application to Empirical DataPreprint
Smith, R. S., Friston, K. J., & Whyte, C. J. (2021) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/b4jm6 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Self-citationActive inference models do not contradict folk psychology
Smith, R. S., Ramstead, M. J. D., & Kiefer, A. B. (2022) · Synthese · doi:10.1007/s11229-022-03480-w · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Self-citationKirkeby-Hinrup, A., Stephens, A., Sjöstrand, A. B., & Overgaard, M. S. (2025) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1633907 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Albarracin, M., Hipólito, I., Tremblay, S. E., Fox, J. G., René, G., Friston, K. J., & Ramstead, M. J. D. (2023) · Communications in computer and information science · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-47958-8_9 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Lavalley, C. A., Hakimi, N., Taylor, S., Kuplicki, R., Forthman, K. L., Stewart, J. L., Paulus, M. P., Khalsa, S. S., & Smith, R. S. (2024) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2024.108825 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Self-citationOn the minimal theory of consciousness implicit in active inference
Whyte, C. J., Corcoran, A. W., Robinson, J., Smith, R., Moran, R. J., Parr, T., Friston, K. J., Seth, A. K., & Hohwy, J. (2026) · Physics of Life Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.plrev.2025.11.002 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Self-citationA metaphysics for predictive processing
Hohwy, J. (2025) · Synthese · doi:10.1007/s11229-025-05169-2 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Self-citationFields, C., Albarracin, M., Friston, K. J., Kiefer, A. B., Ramstead, M. J. D., & Safron, A. (2025) · Neuroscience of Consciousness · doi:10.1093/nc/niaf009 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
The role of affective states in computational psychiatry
Benrimoh, D. A., Smith, R. S., Diaconescu, A. O., Friesen, T., Jalali, S., Mikuš, N., Gschwandtner, L. P., Gandhi, J., Horga, G., & Powers, A. R. (2025) · The International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1093/ijnp/pyaf049 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Self-citationChou, K.-P., Hakimi, N., Hsu, T., & Smith, R. (2026) · Journal of Mathematical Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jmp.2026.103011 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Self-citationThe role of active inference in conscious awareness
Robinson, J., Corcoran, A. W., Whyte, C. J., Sárközy, A., Seth, A. K., Kovács, G., Friston, K. J., Pennartz, C. M. A., Tononi, G., & Hohwy, J. (2025) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0328836 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Self-citationRamstead, M. J. D., Albarracin, M., Kiefer, A. B., Williford, K., Safron, A., Fields, C., Solms, M., & Friston, K. J. (2023) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/6eqxh · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Wiest, M. C., & Puniani, A. S. (2025) · Computational and Structural Biotechnology Journal · doi:10.1016/j.csbj.2025.09.017 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Corcoran, A. W., Haun, A. M., Dorman, R., Tononi, G., Friston, K. J., & Pennartz, C. M. A. (2026) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2026.106742 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Anterior insular activity signals perceptual conflicts induced by temporal and spatial context
Reichenbach, K., Rothkirch, M., Jaeckel, L., Sterzer, P., & Weilnhammer, V. A. (2025) · Neuroscience of Consciousness · doi:10.1093/nc/niaf030 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Prediction in action: Toward an empirical science of active inference
Lageman, J., Fahrenfort, J. J., & Slagter, H. A. (2026) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2026.106817 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
The path forward for modeling action-oriented cognition as active inference
Smith, R. S. (2023) · Physics of Life Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.plrev.2023.06.010
Self-citationWhat We Are for Us, What We Are for Others: Consciousness and Identity
López-Segura, P., & Alonso, T. O. (2023) · Logic, argumentation & reasoning · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-46742-4_12
Consciousness: The control of quality
Young, R. (2025) · New Ideas in Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.newideapsych.2025.101214
Wiese, W. (2026) · Physics of Life Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.plrev.2026.09.007
- Authors
- Whyte, C. J., Hohwy, J., & Smith, R.
- Affiliations
- MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit (GB)
- Monash University (AU)
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research (US)
- Corresponding author
- Whyte, Christopher J.
- Venue
- Current Research in Neurobiology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2022
- Volume
- 3
- Pages
- 100036
- ISSN
- 2665-945X (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC9593308
- OpenAlex
- W4224435120
- Cited by
- 24
- References
- 75
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 1
- FWCI
- 4.59
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Current Research in Neurobiology (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Monash University Research Portal (Monash University) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- PsyArXiv (OSF Preprints) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- PsyArXiv (OSF Preprints) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- William K. Warren Foundation (P20GM121312)
- University of Cambridge
- Medical Research Council (MC_UU_00030/15)
- Australian Research Council (DP160102770)
- National Institute of General Medical Sciences (P20GM121312)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Philosophy and Theoretical Science
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Embodied and Extended Cognition
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Free Will and Agency
- Keywords
- conscious access, active inference, no-report paradigm, reportability, prefrontal cortex, visual masking, global workspace theory, higher-order theories of consciousness
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
