Cited by 59Gut microbiota and healthInflammatory Bowel DiseaseImmune Response and Inflammation

Specific changes of gut commensal microbiota and TLRs during indomethacin-induced acute intestinal inflammation in rats

Terán-Ventura, Evangelina, Aguilera, Mònica, Vergara, Patri, Martínez, Vicente·2014·Journal of Crohn's and Colitis

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Gut microbiota is a contributing factor in the development and maintenance of intestinal inflammation, although precise cause-effect relationships have not been established. We assessed spontaneous changes of gut commensal microbiota and toll-like receptors (TLRs)-mediated host-bacterial interactions in a model of indomethacin-induced acute enteritis in rats. METHODS: Male Spague-Dawley rats, maintained under conventional conditions, were used. Enteritis was induced by systemic indomethacin administration. During the acute phase of inflammation, animals were euthanized and ileal and ceco-colonic changes evaluated. Inflammation was assessed through disease activity parameters (clinical signs, macroscopic/microscopic scores and tissue levels of inflammatory markers). Microbiota (ileal and ceco-colonic) was characterized using fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) and analysis of 16s rDNA polymorphism. Host-bacterial interactions were assessed evaluating the ratio of bacterial adherence to the intestinal wall (FISH) and expression of TLRs 2 and 4 (RT-PCR). RESULTS: After indomethacin, disease activity parameters increased, suggesting an active inflammation. Total bacterial counts were similar in vehicle- or indomethacin-treated animals. However, during inflammation the relative composition of the microbiota was altered. This dysbiotic state was characterized by an increase in the counts of Bacteroides spp., Enterobacteriaceae (in ileum and cecum-colon) and Clostridium spp. (in ileum). Bacterial wall adherence significantly increased during inflammation. In animals with enteritis, TLR-2 and -4 were up-regulated both in the ileum and the ceco-colonic region. CONCLUSIONS: Gut inflammation implies qualitative changes in GCM, with simultaneous alterations in host-bacterial interactions. These observations further support a potential role for gut microbiota in the pathophysiology of intestinal inflammation.

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Crossref · 10.1016/j.crohns.2014.02.001

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  • In intestinal biopsies from patients with Parkinson's disease, the immune response of TLR4, cytokines and chemokines, as well as the number of CD3+ T cells, increased in the lamina propria of colonic tissue.

    “intestinal biopsies from patients with Parkinson's disease, it was reported that the immune response of TLR4, cytokines and chemokines, as well as the number of CD3 + T cells, increased in the lamina propria of colonic tissue.120”

    From The role of gut dysbiosis in Parkinson’s disease: mechanistic insights and therapeutic options (2021) · cites this paper as [120]

    Section 3.7 reports increased TLR-4 expression in the ceco-colonic tissue of rats with indomethacin-induced inflammation. It does not establish this finding in biopsies from patients with Parkinson’s disease, and our copy does not report increased cytokines, chemokines, or CD3+ T cells in the colonic lamina propria. (LLM, conf=0.88)

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  • Increased expression of TLRs can increase the permeability of the intestinal epithelial barrier and increase the susceptibility of host colonic inflammation.

    “The increased expression of TLRs can increase the permeability of the intestinal epithelial barrier and increase the susceptibility of host colonic inflammation, indicating that they play a crucial role in maintaining intestinal immune homeostasis.119,120”

    From The role of gut dysbiosis in Parkinson’s disease: mechanistic insights and therapeutic options (2021) · cites this paper as [120]

    Section 3.7 reports increased TLR-2 and TLR-4 expression in inflamed ileal and ceco-colonic tissue. The Discussion suggests this up-regulation might help aggravate or perpetuate inflammation, but it does not say that increased TLR expression raises epithelial barrier permeability or establish that it increases susceptibility to colonic inflammation. Page numbers were not available in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.84)

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  • Microarray analysis of sigmoid mucosa samples illustrated that the expression of TLR4 mRNA was significantly higher compared with that in controls.

    “Microarray analysis of sigmoid mucosa samples illustrated that the expression of TLR4 mRNA was significantly higher compared with that in controls.”

    From The role of gut dysbiosis in Parkinson’s disease: mechanistic insights and therapeutic options (2021) · cites this paper as [120]

    Section 3.7 (page unavailable) reports increased TLR-4 expression in inflamed rat ileal and ceco-colonic tissue compared with controls. But the Methods (section 2.10, page unavailable) describe semi-quantitative RT-PCR, not microarray analysis, and the samples were not sigmoid mucosa. The text does not establish that the specific TLR-4 comparison claimed was statistically significant. (LLM, conf=0.88)

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  • Gut microbiota may trigger immune activation of the colonic mucosa through the TLR4 signalling pathway, leading to neuroinflammation and subsequent neurodegeneration in Parkinson's disease.

    “These findings suggest that gut microbiota may trigger immune activation of the colonic mucosa through the TLR4 signalling pathway, leading to neuroinflammation and subsequent neurodegeneration in Parkinson's disease.”

    From The role of gut dysbiosis in Parkinson’s disease: mechanistic insights and therapeutic options (2021) · cites this paper as [120]

    The Discussion reports altered gut microbiota and increased ileal and ceco-colonic TLR-4 expression during indomethacin-induced inflammation in rats, and suggests that altered host–bacterial interactions may perpetuate intestinal inflammation. It does not connect this pathway to neuroinflammation, neurodegeneration, or Parkinson’s disease; it also does not establish that microbiota triggered the observed inflammation. (LLM, conf=0.88)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
  • The increase in Bacteroides spp., Enterobacteriaceae and Clostridium in rats with acute colitis mediates the occurrence of intestinal inflammation by upregulating TLR2 and TLR4.

    “In addition, the increase in Bacteroides spp., Enterobacteriaceae and Clostridium in rats with acute colitis mediates the occurrence of intestinal inflammation by upregulating TLR2 and TLR4.120”

    From The role of gut dysbiosis in Parkinson’s disease: mechanistic insights and therapeutic options (2021) · cites this paper as [120]

    The Results (section 3.7) report increased TLR-2 and TLR-4 expression during inflammation, and the Discussion reports increases in the named bacterial groups. But the Discussion describes TLR upregulation as possibly associated with dysbiosis and says these changes coincide during indomethacin-induced acute enteritis; it does not establish that the bacteria cause inflammation by upregulating TLRs. (LLM, conf=0.88)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

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Research works printed but not linked: 2

  1. [17]17. Salzman NH, de Jong H, Paterson Y, Harmsen HJ, Welling GW, Bos NA. Analysis of 16S libraries of mouse gastrointestinal microflora reveals a large new group of mouse intestinal bacteria. Microbiology 2002;148:3651-60.
  2. [18]18. Ootsubo M, Shimizu T, Tanaka R, Sawabe T, Tajima K, Yoshimizu M, et al. Oligonucleotide probe for detecting Enterobacteriaceae by in situ hybridization. J Appl Microbiol 2002;93:60-8.

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Authors
Terán-Ventura, E., Aguilera, M., Vergara, P., & Martínez, V.
Affiliations
Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (ES)
Venue
Journal of Crohn's and Colitis
Published
2014-09-01
Volume
8
Issue
9
Pages
1043-1054
ISSN
  • 1873-9946 (ISSN-L)
  • 1876-4479
OpenAlex
W2021451372
Cited by
59
References
55
Citations by year
2026: 4 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 4 · 2017: 5 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 4
FWCI
1.50
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Journal of Crohn s and Colitis (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • Generalitat de Catalunya (2009SGR708)
  • Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (BFU2009-08229, BFU2010-15401, BES-2010-037699)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Inflammatory Bowel Disease
  • Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune Response and Inflammation
Keywords
gut microbiota, intestinal inflammation
MeSH terms
Animals, Bacterial Adhesion, Disease Models, Animal, Indomethacin, Intestinal Mucosa, Male, Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Toll-Like Receptors, Rats, Microbiota

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