Cited by 1,927Inflammatory Bowel DiseaseGut microbiota and healthMicroscopic Colitis

Microbial Influences in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases

Sartor, R. Balfour·2008·Gastroenterology

Abstract

The predominantly anaerobic microbiota of the distal ileum and colon contain an extraordinarily complex variety of metabolically active bacteria and fungi that intimately interact with the host's epithelial cells and mucosal immune system. Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, and pouchitis are the result of continuous microbial antigenic stimulation of pathogenic immune responses as a consequence of host genetic defects in mucosal barrier function, innate bacterial killing, or immunoregulation. Altered microbial composition and function in inflammatory bowel diseases result in increased immune stimulation, epithelial dysfunction, or enhanced mucosal permeability. Although traditional pathogens probably are not responsible for these disorders, increased virulence of commensal bacterial species, particularly Escherichia coli, enhance their mucosal attachment, invasion, and intracellular persistence, thereby stimulating pathogenic immune responses. Host genetic polymorphisms most likely interact with functional bacterial changes to stimulate aggressive immune responses that lead to chronic tissue injury. Identification of these host and microbial alterations in individual patients should lead to selective targeted interventions that correct underlying abnormalities and induce sustained and predictable therapeutic responses.

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Crossref · 10.1053/j.gastro.2007.11.059

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Authors
Sartor, R. B.
Affiliations
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (US)
Corresponding author
Sartor, R. Balfour
Venue
Gastroenterology
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2008-02
Volume
134
Issue
2
Pages
577-594
ISSN
0016-5085 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2158820172
Cited by
1,927
References
212
Citations by year
2026: 37 · 2025: 52 · 2024: 82 · 2023: 65 · 2022: 130 · 2021: 108 · 2020: 91 · 2019: 102 · 2018: 114 · 2017: 99 · 2016: 122 · 2015: 117 · 2014: 141 · 2013: 134 · 2012: 117
FWCI
12.81
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Gastroenterology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (R01DK040249, R01DK053347, P30DK034987)
  • National Center for Research Resources (P40RR018603)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Inflammatory Bowel Disease
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Microscopic Colitis
Keywords
inflammatory bowel disease, Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, pouchitis, gut microbiota, commensal bacteria, Escherichia coli virulence, mucosal barrier dysfunction, mucosal permeability, epithelial dysfunction, innate immunity, host genetic polymorphisms, mucosal immune response, targeted therapy
MeSH terms
Animals, Bacterial Infections, Disease Models, Animal, Humans, Intestinal Mucosa, Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, Immunity, Mucosal, Mice, Rats

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