Microbial Influences in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases
Abstract
The predominantly anaerobic microbiota of the distal ileum and colon contain an extraordinarily complex variety of metabolically active bacteria and fungi that intimately interact with the host's epithelial cells and mucosal immune system. Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, and pouchitis are the result of continuous microbial antigenic stimulation of pathogenic immune responses as a consequence of host genetic defects in mucosal barrier function, innate bacterial killing, or immunoregulation. Altered microbial composition and function in inflammatory bowel diseases result in increased immune stimulation, epithelial dysfunction, or enhanced mucosal permeability. Although traditional pathogens probably are not responsible for these disorders, increased virulence of commensal bacterial species, particularly Escherichia coli, enhance their mucosal attachment, invasion, and intracellular persistence, thereby stimulating pathogenic immune responses. Host genetic polymorphisms most likely interact with functional bacterial changes to stimulate aggressive immune responses that lead to chronic tissue injury. Identification of these host and microbial alterations in individual patients should lead to selective targeted interventions that correct underlying abnormalities and induce sustained and predictable therapeutic responses.
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The effect of ageing on the immune system cannot be completely separated from co-morbidity, medication use, or malnutrition.
“The effect of ageing on the immune system, however, cannot be completely separated from the contribution of co-morbidity, medication use or malnutrition (184,185) .”
From Dietary factors and low-grade inflammation in relation to overweight and obesity (2011) · cites this paper as [185]
Intestinal microbes have a considerable role in the pathogenesis of IBD.
“Previous studies have reported a multitude of genetic polymorphisms that either increase or lower the risk of developing IBD,30 while others have demonstrated a considerable role for intestinal microbes in their pathogenesis.1,31,32”
From Using Corticosteroids to Reshape the Gut Microbiome: Implications for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (2015) · cites this paper as [32]
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- Authors
- Sartor, R. B.
- Affiliations
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (US)
- Corresponding author
- Sartor, R. Balfour
- ORCID
- Sartor, R. Balfour
- Venue
- Gastroenterology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2008-02
- Volume
- 134
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 577-594
- ISSN
- 0016-5085 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2158820172
- Cited by
- 1,927
- References
- 212
- Citations by year
- 2026: 37 · 2025: 52 · 2024: 82 · 2023: 65 · 2022: 130 · 2021: 108 · 2020: 91 · 2019: 102 · 2018: 114 · 2017: 99 · 2016: 122 · 2015: 117 · 2014: 141 · 2013: 134 · 2012: 117
- FWCI
- 12.81
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Gastroenterology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (R01DK040249, R01DK053347, P30DK034987)
- National Center for Research Resources (P40RR018603)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Inflammatory Bowel Disease
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Microscopic Colitis
- Keywords
- inflammatory bowel disease, Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, pouchitis, gut microbiota, commensal bacteria, Escherichia coli virulence, mucosal barrier dysfunction, mucosal permeability, epithelial dysfunction, innate immunity, host genetic polymorphisms, mucosal immune response, targeted therapy
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Bacterial Infections, Disease Models, Animal, Humans, Intestinal Mucosa, Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, Immunity, Mucosal, Mice, Rats
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