Functional profiling of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae genome
Open accessAbstract
Determining the effect of gene deletion is a fundamental approach to understanding gene function. Conventional genetic screens exhibit biases, and genes contributing to a phenotype are often missed. We systematically constructed a nearly complete collection of gene-deletion mutants (96% of annotated open reading frames, or ORFs) of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. DNA sequences dubbed 'molecular bar codes' uniquely identify each strain, enabling their growth to be analysed in parallel and the fitness contribution of each gene to be quantitatively assessed by hybridization to high-density oligonucleotide arrays. We show that previously known and new genes are necessary for optimal growth under six well-studied conditions: high salt, sorbitol, galactose, pH 8, minimal medium and nystatin treatment. Less than 7% of genes that exhibit a significant increase in messenger RNA expression are also required for optimal growth in four of the tested conditions. Our results validate the yeast gene-deletion collection as a valuable resource for functional genomics.
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Only ~1000 genes in the yeast genome are individually essential in standard growth conditions and cause lethality when mutated.
“While only ~1000 genes in the yeast genome are individually essential in standard growth conditions and cause lethality when mutated (9, 10)”
From A global genetic interaction network maps a wiring diagram of cellular function (2016) · cites this paper as [10]
Only ~1000 genes in the yeast genome are individually essential in standard growth conditions and cause lethality when mutated.
“While only ~1000 genes in the yeast genome are individually essential in standard growth conditions and cause lethality when mutated (9, 10)”
From A global genetic interaction network maps a wiring diagram of cellular function (2016) · cites this paper as [9]
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Self-citation
- Authors
- Giaever, G., Chu, A. M., Ni, L., Connelly, C., Riles, L., Véronneau, S., Dow, S., Lucau-Danila, A., Anderson, K., André, B., Arkin, A. P., Astromoff, A., El Bakkoury, M., Bangham, R., Benito, R., Brachat, S., Campanaro, S., Curtiss, M., Davis, K., Deutschbauer, A., Entian, K.-D., Flaherty, P., Foury, F., Garfinkel, D. J., Gerstein, M., Gotte, D., Güldener, U., Hegemann, J. H., Hempel, S., Herman, Z., Jaramillo, D. F., Kelly, D. E., Kelly, S. L., Kötter, P., LaBonte, D., Lamb, D. C., Lan, N., Liang, H., Liao, H., Liu, L., Luo, C., Lussier, M., Mao, R., Menard, P., Ooi, S. L., Revuelta, J. L., Roberts, C. J., Rose, M., Ross-Macdonald, P., Scherens, B., Schimmack, G., Shafer, B., Shoemaker, D. D., Sookhai-Mahadeo, S., Storms, R. K., Strathern, J. N., Valle, G., Voet, M., Volckaert, G., Wang, C.-Y., Ward, T. R., Wilhelmy, J., Winzeler, E. A., Yang, Y., Yen, G., Youngman, E., Yu, K., Bussey, H., Boeke, J. D., Snyder, M., Philippsen, P., Davis, R. W., & Johnston, M.
- Affiliations
- Stanford University (US)
- Stanford Medicine (US)
- Yale University (US)
- Johns Hopkins University (US)
- Washington University in St. Louis (US)
- McGill University (CA)
- UCLouvain (BE)
- Université Libre de Bruxelles (BE)
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute (US)
- University of Basel (CH)
- University of Padua (IT)
- Goethe University Frankfurt (DE)
- Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research (US)
- Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf (DE)
- Aberystwyth University (GB)
- Concordia University (CA)
- KU Leuven (BE)
- Corresponding author
- Davis, Ronald W.
- ORCID
- Giaever, Guri
- Chu, Angela M.
- Ni, Li
- Connelly, Carla
- André, Bruno
- Arkin, Adam P.
- Brachat, Sophie
- Campanaro, Stefano
- Deutschbauer, Adam
- Flaherty, Patrick
- Garfinkel, David J.
- Gerstein, Mark
- Gotte, Deanna
- Güldener, Ulrich
- Hegemann, Johannes H.
- Kelly, Diane E.
- Kelly, Steven L.
- Kötter, Peter
- Lamb, David C.
- Lan, Ning
- Mao, Rong
- Valle, Giorgio
- Wang, Ching-yun
- Wilhelmy, Julie
- Winzeler, Elizabeth A.
- Yang, Yonghong
- Boeke, Jef D.
- Snyder, Michael
- Philippsen, Peter
- Davis, Ronald W.
- Johnston, Mark
- Venue
- Nature
- Published
- 2002-07-25
- Volume
- 418
- Issue
- 6896
- Pages
- 387-391
- ISSN
- 0028-0836 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-4687
- OpenAlex
- W2142437744
- Cited by
- 4,316
- References
- 24
- Citations by year
- 2026: 82 · 2025: 87 · 2024: 136 · 2023: 159 · 2022: 153 · 2021: 154 · 2020: 199 · 2019: 194 · 2018: 149 · 2017: 174 · 2016: 158 · 2015: 184 · 2014: 201 · 2013: 204 · 2012: 211
- FWCI
- 69.13
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- Locations
- Nature (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Scholarworks (University of Massachusetts Amherst) (submittedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- Digital Access to Libraries (Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), l'Université de Namur (UNamur) and the Université Saint-Louis (USL-B)) (submittedVersion)
- Digital Access to Libraries (submittedVersion)
- Dépôt institutionnel de l'Université libre de Bruxelles (Université Libre de Bruxelles) (submittedVersion)
- ScholarWorks@UMassAmherst (University of Massachusetts Amherst) (submittedVersion)
- Padua Research Archive (University of Padova) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- European Commission
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Fungal and yeast genetics research
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Bioinformatics and Genomic Networks
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Microbial Metabolic Engineering and Bioproduction
- Keywords
- Saccharomyces cerevisiae, deletion mutants, gene function, high-density oligonucleotide arrays, gene fitness, growth conditions, salt stress, sorbitol, galactose, pH stress, nystatin, mRNA expression, functional genomics
- MeSH terms
- Culture Media, Galactose, Genes, Fungal, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, Nystatin, Osmolar Concentration, Phenotype, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Selection, Genetic, Sorbitol, Cluster Analysis, Open Reading Frames, Genome, Fungal, Gene Deletion, Proteome, Gene Expression Profiling, Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins, Cell Size
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