Delay discounting by the children of smokers and nonsmokers
Abstract
This research compared delay discounting in mothers and their children (12 or 13 years of age). Half of the mothers (n=15) were current smokers, and the other half (n=15) reported never smoking. Considerable research has shown that adult smokers discount more by delay than nonsmokers, and that parent smoking is a risk factor for adolescent smoking. Thus, it was hypothesized that the mothers who smoked would discount more by delay than the mothers who had never smoked. Also, it was expected that children at increased risk for smoking (i.e., mother is smoker) would discount more by delay than children at lower risk for smoking (i.e., mother is nonsmoker). The results confirmed these hypotheses: mothers who smoked discounted significantly more than nonsmoking mothers; and, in a parallel fashion, children with mothers who smoked discounted significantly more than children of nonsmokers. These findings indicate that delay discounting may be a behavioral risk factor for adolescent cigarette smoking that predates any substantial use of nicotine.
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Elevated discounting rates appear to be a risk factor for developing addiction.
“Elevated discounting rates appear to be a risk factor for developing addiction (e.g., Audrain-McGovern et al., 2009a; Reynolds et al., 2009).”
From Excessive discounting of delayed reinforcers as a trans-disease process contributing to addiction and other disease-related vulnerabilities: Emerging evidence (2012) · cites this paper as Reynolds et al., 2009
Smoking is associated with increased delay discounting.
“However, other studies have found that smoking is associated with increased delay discounting,157,160,161 evidence we review later in the paper.”
From Early life adversity and health-risk behaviors: Proposed psychological and neural mechanisms (2018) · cites this paper as [157]
Smoking is linked with greater delay discounting in adolescents and adults.
“Extensive evidence links smoking with greater delay discounting in adolescents150,151 and adults.152–158”
From Early life adversity and health-risk behaviors: Proposed psychological and neural mechanisms (2018) · cites this paper as [157]
Children of smokers discount delayed rewards more than children of non-smokers.
“and children of smokers discount delayed rewards more than children of non-smokers.157”
From Early life adversity and health-risk behaviors: Proposed psychological and neural mechanisms (2018) · cites this paper as [157]
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- Authors
- Reynolds, B., Leraas, K., Collins, C., & Melanko, S.
- Affiliations
- Nationwide Children's Hospital (US)
- Corresponding author
- Reynolds, Brady
- ORCID
- Leraas, Kristen
- Venue
- Drug and Alcohol Dependence
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2009-01
- Volume
- 99
- Issue
- 1-3
- Pages
- 350-353
- ISSN
- 0376-8716 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2004353210
- Cited by
- 43
- References
- 9
- Citations by year
- 2025: 1 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 1 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 8
- FWCI
- 2.03
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Drug and Alcohol Dependence (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Smoking Behavior and Cessation
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › General Decision Sciences › Decision-Making and Behavioral Economics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
- Keywords
- delay discounting, maternal smoking, adolescent smoking, smoking risk factors, behavioral risk factors, mother and child, cigarette smoking, impulsivity
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Carbon Monoxide, Child, Preschool, Cotinine, Female, Humans, Impulsive Behavior, Intelligence Tests, Male, Mothers, Parents, Surveys and Questionnaires, Smoking, Socioeconomic Factors, Substance-Related Disorders
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