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Behavioral assessment of impulsivity in pathological gamblers with and without substance use disorder histories versus healthy controls
Open accessAbstract
Pathological gamblers (PGs) may have high levels of impulsivity, and a correlation between substance use disorders (SUDs) and impulsivity is well established. However, only a handful of studies have attempted to assess impulsivity and other impulse-spectrum traits (e.g., sensation seeking) using a variety of behavioral and self-report measures in PGs and few examined the independent impact of SUDs. We compared 30 PGs without SUD histories, 31 PGs with SUD histories and 40 control participants on self-reported impulsivity, delayed discounting, attention/memory, response inhibition, risk taking, sensation seeking and distress tolerance measures. PGs, regardless of SUD history, discounted delayed rewards at greater rates than controls. PGs also reported acting on the spur of the moment, experienced trouble planning and thinking carefully, and noted greater attention difficulties than controls. PGs with SUD took greater risks on a risk-taking task than did PGs without SUD histories, but the two groups did not differ on any other measures of impulsivity. We conclude that PGs are more impulsive than non-problem gamblers in fairly specific ways, but PGs with and without SUD histories differ on few measures. More research should focus on specific ways in which PGs exhibit impulsivity to better address impulsive behaviors in treatment.
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“Further, studies reveal that PGs are generally more impulsive than non-PGs (Ledgerwood, Alessi, Phoenix, & Petry, 2009; Petry, 2001; Steel & Blaszczynski, 1998; Vitaro, Arseneault, & Tremblay, 1999).”
From Subtyping Pathological Gamblers Based on Impulsivity, Depression, and Anxiety (2010) · cites this paper as Ledgerwood, Alessi, Phoenix, & Petry, 2009
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The personality of pathological gamblers: A meta-analysis
MacLaren, V. V., Fugelsang, J. A., Harrigan, K. A., & Dixon, M. J. (2011) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2011.02.002 · Cited by 274
“…30 (100) 33.4 Convenience GA20 SSS-V disinhibition 0.37 LaBudda et al. 2007 22 (100) 40.5 Clinical 19 (100) 42.9 Convenience DSM-IV SSS-V total 0.10 Ledgerwood et al. 2009 30 (46.7) 48.4 Community 41 (41.5) 45.7 Community NODS SSS-V total −0.03 Leiserson and Pihl 2007 12 (100) 26.4 Community…”
InfluentialMichalczuk, R., Bowden-Jones, H., Verdejo-Garcia, A., & Clark, L. (2011) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s003329171100095x · Cited by 248
“Steeper discounting on the KirbyMCQ procedure replicates previous work in PG using other variants of the delay discounting paradigm (Petry, 2001a ; Alessi & Petry, 2003 ; Dixon et al. 2003 ; MacKillop et al. 2006 ; Ledgerwood et al. 2009), and patients with Parkinson’s disease with medication-induced PG also show stee…”
The subtyping of pathological gambling: A comprehensive review
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Self-citationImpulsivity as a predictor of treatment outcome in substance use disorders: Review and synthesis
Loree, A. M., Lundahl, L. H., & Ledgerwood, D. M. (2014) · Drug and Alcohol Review · doi:10.1111/dar.12132 · Cited by 192
“Furthermore, although some studies have found that the interrelationship among these measures is modest [3,20,36,37], others have found significant overlap between self-report and laboratorybased behavioural measures [38].”
BackgroundSelf-citationA review of gambling disorder and substance use disorders
Rash, C. J., Weinstock, J., & Patten, R. V. (2016) · Substance Abuse and Rehabilitation · doi:10.2147/sar.s83460 · Cited by 171
“Individuals with GD also exhibit deficits in EFs, 71 including decision making, 72 inhibitory control, 73 and mental flexibility; 74 however, no studies to date have examined the impact of prolonged abstinence from gambling on these deficits.”
BackgroundSubtyping Pathological Gamblers Based on Impulsivity, Depression, and Anxiety
Ledgerwood, D. M., & Petry, N. M. (2010) · Psychology of Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1037/a0019906 · Cited by 134
Self-citationPathological Gambling and Motor Impulsivity: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis
Chowdhury, N. S., Livesey, E. J., Blaszczynski, A. P., & Harris, J. A. (2017) · Journal of Gambling Studies · doi:10.1007/s10899-017-9683-5 · Cited by 136
Andrade, L. F., & Petry, N. M. (2011) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-011-2508-9 · Cited by 120
“The failure to find group differences in delay discounting is inconsistent with previous reports in problem and pathological gamblers (Alessi and Petry 2003; Dixon et al. 2003; Ledgerwood et al. 2009; Petry 2001a; Petry and Casarella 1999) and may have been related to the small sample size included in the study.”
Self-citationTemporal delay discounting in acutely ill and weight-recovered patients with anorexia nervosa
Ritschel, F., King, J. A., Geisler, D., Flohr, L., Neidel, F., Boehm, I., Seidel, M., Zwipp, J., Ripke, S., Smolka, M. N., et al. (2015) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291714002311 · Cited by 102
“Accordingly, high delay discounting has been found in individuals suffering from pathologic gambling (e.g. Holt et al. 2003; Ledgerwood et al. 2009), substance use (e.g. Kirby et al. 1999; Reynolds, 2006), borderline personality disorder (Lawrence et al. 2010), ADHD (Demurie et al. 2012) and…”
BackgroundYip, S. W., Lacadie, C., Xu, J., Worhunsky, P. D., Fulbright, R. K., Constable, R. T., & Potenza, M. N. (2011) · The World Journal of Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.3109/15622975.2011.568068 · Cited by 97
“Consistent with previous studies, PG subjects scored signifi cantly higher than controls on all three BIS-11 subscales (Motor, Cognitive, and Non-planning Impulsiveness; Fuentes et al. 2006; Ledgerwood et al. 2009).”
ResultExecutive Function in Pathological Gamblers and Healthy Controls
Ledgerwood, D. M., Orr, E. S., Kaploun, K. A., Milosevic, A., Frisch, G., Rupcich, N., & Lundahl, L. H. (2012) · Journal of Gambling Studies · doi:10.1007/s10899-010-9237-6 · Cited by 100
“Lawrence et al. (2009) noted that PGs performed similarly to healthy controls on a measure of response inhibition despite scoring higher on impulsivity measures, a finding that recently was reported by Ledgerwood et al. (2009), and found again in the current investigation.”
Self-citationLengel, G. J., Helle, A. C., DeShong, H. L., Meyer, N. A., & Mullins‐Sweatt, S. N. (2016) · Clinical Psychology Science and Practice · doi:10.1111/cpsp.12166 · Cited by 92
Weinsztok, S. C., Brassard, S. L., Balodis, I. M., Martin, L. E., & Amlung, M. T. (2021) · Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2021.786358 · Cited by 95
Tarrega, S., Castro-Carreras, L., Fernández-Aranda, F., Granero, R., Giner-Bartolomé, C., Aymamí, N., Gómez-Peña, M., Santamaría, J., Forcano, L., Steward, T., et al. (2015) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01721 · Cited by 80
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BackgroundResultInfluentialDifferential associations between obesity and behavioral measures of impulsivity
Lawyer, S. R., Boomhower, S. R., & Rasmussen, E. B. (2015) · Appetite · doi:10.1016/j.appet.2015.07.031 · Cited by 73
“…al., 2013), alcohol abusers (Courtney et al., 2012), and gamblers (Brevers et al., 2012; Ledgerwood, Alessi, Phoenix, & Petry, 2009; Torres et al., 2013) better than response inhibition and risk-taking (c.f., Christiansen et al., 2012; Fernie, Cole, Goudie, & Field, 2010; Ledgerwood et al., 2009).”
Strategic and non‐strategic problem gamblers differ on decision‐making under risk and ambiguity
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“6) for average number of pumps and explosions, respectively, are consistent with samples of college students and healthy control participants (Ledgerwood et al., 2009; Lejuez et al., 2002).”
ResultTexting while driving as impulsive choice: A behavioral economic analysis
Hayashi, Y., Russo, C. T., & Wirth, O. (2015) · Accident Analysis & Prevention · doi:10.1016/j.aap.2015.07.025 · Cited by 64
“…various personality traits such as impulsivity (Loree et al., 2014), more objective, behavioral measures may be useful complements to capture different dimensions of psychological phenomena without relying on individuals to accurately characterize their own behavior (Ledgerwood et al., 2009).”
BackgroundDelay discounting and gambling
Madden, G. J., Francisco, M. T., Brewer, A. T., & Stein, J. S. (2011) · Behavioural Processes · doi:10.1016/j.beproc.2011.01.012 · Cited by 62
“, 2009;Petry, 2001); Ledgerwood et al. (2009) did not report k values so their data were not included in this range.”
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“Area under the curve (AUC) was derived and analyzed as an overall measure of impulsivity (i.e., lower scores indicate greater impulsivity) consistent with past studies (Ledgerwood et al. 2009).”
ResultSelf-citationShared Neural Correlates Underlying Addictive Disorders and Negative Urgency
Um, M., Whitt, Z. T., Revilla, R., Hunton, T., & Cyders, M. A. (2019) · Brain Sciences · doi:10.3390/brainsci9020036 · Cited by 53
“Interestingly, pathological gambling is associated with high levels negative urgency [81] and is associated with poor performance on neurocognitive impulse assessments, such as the Iowa Gambling Task [82,83].”
BackgroundRisk-Taking, Delay Discounting, and Time Perspective in Adolescent Gamblers: An Experimental Study
Cosenza, M., Griffiths, M. D., Nigro, G., & Ciccarelli, M. (2016) · Journal of Gambling Studies · doi:10.1007/s10899-016-9623-9 · Cited by 52
Mallorquí-Bagué, N., Tolosa-Sola, I., Fernández-Aranda, F., Granero, R., Fagundo, A., Lozano-Madrid, M., Mestre-Bach, G., Gómez-Peña, M., Aymamí, N., Borrás-González, I., et al. (2018) · Journal of Gambling Studies · doi:10.1007/s10899-017-9724-0 · Cited by 41
Linking Cognitive Measures of Response Inhibition and Reward Sensitivity to Trait Impulsivity
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“Risk taking in the form of betting might not be associated with pure behavioral addiction but rather SUD comorbidity in line with previous findings (Ledgerwood et al. 2009).”
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Cognitive Remediation Interventions for Gambling Disorder: A Systematic Review
Challet‐Bouju, G., Bruneau, M., IGNACE Group, Victorri‐Vigneau, C., & Grall‐Bronnec, M. (2017) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01961 · Cited by 47
“All of these alterations lead to lower decision-making performances in gambling-like situations, but the performance is preserved in other contexts (Ledgerwood et al., 2009; Fauth-Bühler et al., 2014).”
BackgroundResultInfluentialPersonality traits of problem gamblers with and without alcohol dependence
Lister, J. J., Milosevic, A., & Ledgerwood, D. M. (2015) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2015.02.021 · Cited by 46
Self-citationPsychological Characteristics of Problem Gamblers with and without Mood Disorder
Lister, J. J., Milosevic, A., & Ledgerwood, D. M. (2015) · The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/070674371506000806 · Cited by 39
Self-citationSelf-reported impulsivity and inhibitory control in problem gamblers
Lorains, F. K., Stout, J. C., Bradshaw, J. L., Dowling, N. A., & Enticott, P. G. (2014) · Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology · doi:10.1080/13803395.2013.873773 · Cited by 43
“Sensation Seeking may be independent from other self-reported impulsivity traits (Hammelstein, 2004; Ledgerwood et al., 2009), and our results provide further support that gambling problems are not associated with a need to experience excitement.”
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Comparison of impulsivity in non-problem, at-risk and problem gamblers
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Psychological predictors of opportunistic snacking in the absence of hunger
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“…as model of human obesity: Effects of a free-choice high-fat high-sugar diet on meal patterns International Journal of Obesity, 38 (2014), pp. 643-649 Ledgerwood et al., 2009 D.M. Ledgerwood, S.M. Alessi, N. Phoenix, et al.Behavioral assessment of impulsivity in pathological gamblers with and…”
BackgroundA Systematic Review of the Balloon Analogue Risk Task (BART) in Alcohol Research
Canning, J. R., Schallert, M., & Larimer, M. E. (2021) · Alcohol and Alcoholism · doi:10.1093/alcalc/agab004 · Cited by 43
“Additionally, one study found no BART difference between those with comorbid substance use disorders (SUDs) (including alcohol) and gambling problems compared to healthy controls (Ledgerwood et al., 2009).”
BackgroundInfluentialMestre-Bach, G., Steward, T., Granero, R., Fernández-Aranda, F., del Pino-Gutiérrez, A., Mallorquí-Bagué, N., Mena-Moreno, T., Vintró-Alcaraz, C., Moragas, L., Aymamí, N., et al. (2019) · European psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.eurpsy.2018.09.002 · Cited by 32
“The role of sensation seeking, as assessed by the UPPS-P, is not clear in the case of GD and some studies do not support higher levels of this trait in comparison with healthy controls [20,23,24].”
BackgroundDimensionality of Cognitions in Behavioral Addiction
Morris, L. S., & Voon, V. (2016) · Current Behavioral Neuroscience Reports · doi:10.1007/s40473-016-0068-3 · Cited by 40
A test of the psychometric characteristics of the BIS-Brief among three groups of youth.
Mathias, C. W., Stanford, M. S., Liang, Y., Goros, M. W., Charles, N. E., Sheftall, A. H., Mullen, J., Hill‐Kapturczak, N., Acheson, A., Olvera, R. L., et al. (2018) · Psychological Assessment · doi:10.1037/pas0000531 · Cited by 31
“The less robust relationships with performance-based measures might reflect differences between trait measures like the BIS-Brief and the more state-sensitive performance-based measures (e.g., Cyders & Coskunpinar, 2011; Lane et al., 2003; Ledgerwood et al., 2009; Marsh, Dougherty, Mathias, Moeller, & Hicks, 2002; Rey…”
BackgroundSchluter, M. G., Kim, H. S. A., & Hodgins, D. C. (2018) · Journal of Behavioral Addictions · doi:10.1556/2006.7.2018.117 · Cited by 32
“Within the delay discounting literature, we found AUCs ranging between 0.21 and 0.32 among problem and disordered gambling samples (Krmpotich et al., 2015; Ledgerwood, Alessi, Phoenix, & Petry, 2009), similar to our reported mean AUC in this study (0.23).”
BackgroundResultInfluentialLedgerwood, D. M., & Milosevic, A. (2013) · Journal of Gambling Studies · doi:10.1007/s10899-013-9426-1 · Cited by 33
“Additionally, impulsivity (i.e., the failure to resist an urge) is frequently increased in PPGs (e.g., Ledgerwood et al. 2009) and in some individuals with PTSD (Miller et al. 2003), and has been considered a relevant personality trait in etiological theories of PPG (Blaszczynski et al. 1997) and…”
BackgroundSelf-citationEffects of tryptophan depletion and a simulated alcohol binge on impulsivity.
Dougherty, D. M., Mullen, J., Hill‐Kapturczak, N., Liang, Y., Karns, T. E., Lake, S. L., Mathias, C. W., & Roache, J. D. (2015) · Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1037/a0038943 · Cited by 30
Lawyer, S. R., & Mahoney, C. T. (2017) · The Journal of Sex Research · doi:10.1080/00224499.2017.1350627 · Cited by 30
“However, other research suggests important roles for response inhibition (Christiansen et al., 2012) and risk taking (Fernie et al., 2010; Ledgerwood et al., 2009) as well.”
BackgroundStress Moderates the Relationships between Problem-Gambling Severity and Specific Psychopathologies
Ronzitti, S., Kraus, S. W., Hoff, R. A., & Potenza, M. N. (2018) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2017.10.028 · Cited by 25
“For example, previous work has linked problem-gambling severity to other psychiatric comorbidities, including mood (Bischof et al., 2013; Lister et al., 2015), anxiety (Giddens et al., 2012; Bischof et al., 2013), and substance-use disorders (Ledgerwood et al., 2009; Bischof et al., 2013).”
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Self-citationMacatee, R. J., Albanese, B. J., Clancy, K. J., Allan, N. P., Bernat, E. M., Cougle, J. R., & Schmidt, N. B. (2018) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/abn0000323 · Cited by 28
“Further, in contrast to two prior studies using behavioral DI measures (Bagge et al., 2013; Ledgerwood et al., 2009), selfreported DI was unrelated to commission errors in the present study, which may be attributable to method variance or different underlying constructs assessed by self-report…”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialExploring a Multidimensional Approach to Impulsivity in Predicting College Student Gambling
Ginley, M. K., Whelan, J. P., Meyers, A. W., Relyea, G. E., & Pearlson, G. D. (2013) · Journal of Gambling Studies · doi:10.1007/s10899-013-9374-9 · Cited by 24
“…et al.’s first three factors; however, investigators have not considered how these specific measures intersect to predict different gambling behaviors (e.g., Blanco et al. 2009; Breen and Zuckermann 1999; Langewisch and Frisch 1998; Ledgerwood et al. 2009; Loxton et al. 2008; Powell et al. 1999).”
InfluentialInvestigating facets of personality in adult pathological gamblers with ADHD
Davtian, M., Reid, R. C., & FONG, T. W. (2012) · Neuropsychiatry · doi:10.2217/npy.12.11 · Cited by 27
Black, D. W., Smith, M. M., Forbush, K. T., Shaw, M. C., McCormick, B. A., Moser, D. J., & Allen, J. (2012) · Addiction Research & Theory · doi:10.3109/16066359.2012.705399 · Cited by 23
“Castelani and Rugle (1986) and others (Ledgerwood et al., 2009) point out that these attributes have important implications for gambling treatment programs.”
BackgroundMethodWaite, E. E., DeFontes, C. G., Weiss, N. H., Karnedy, C., Woods, S. E., Haliczer, L. A., & Dixon–Gordon, K. L. (2023) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2023.10.030 · Cited by 25
Executive functioning in Asian pathological gamblers
Manning, V., Teoh, H. C., Song, G., Wong, K. E., & Li, T. (2013) · International Gambling Studies · doi:10.1080/14459795.2013.829516 · Cited by 21
Weidacker, K., Johnston, S. J., Mullins, P. G., Boy, F., & Dymond, S. (2019) · European Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.euroneuro.2019.12.110 · Cited by 20
“…discounting are seen in GD with and without concurrent substance abuse compared to controls ( Albein-Urios et al., 2014 ; Andrade and Petry, 2012 ; Ledgerwood et al., 2009 ; Michalczuk et al., 2011 ; Miedl et al., 2012 ; Miedl et al., 2015 ; Petry, 2001 ; Petry and Casarella, 1999 ), while at…”
BackgroundEffects of Acute Tryptophan Depletion on Three Different Types of Behavioral Impulsivity
Dougherty, D. M., Richard, D. M., James, L. M., & Mathias, C. W. (2010) · International Journal of Tryptophan Research · doi:10.4137/ijtr.s4317 · Cited by 19
Dowd, D. A., Keough, M. T., Jakobson, L. S., Bolton, J. M., & Edgerton, J. D. (2018) · International Gambling Studies · doi:10.1080/14459795.2018.1520909 · Cited by 19
Effects of stress and alcohol cues in men with and without problem gambling and alcohol use disorder
Steinberg, L., Tremblay, A.-M., Zack, M. H., Busto, U. E., & Zawertailo, L. A. (2011) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2011.05.011 · Cited by 19
Lengel, G. J., & Mullins‐Sweatt, S. N. (2016) · Psychological Assessment · doi:10.1037/pas0000321 · Cited by 19
Hayashi, Y., Friedel, J. E., Foreman, A. M., & Wirth, O. (2019) · Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior · doi:10.1002/jeab.554 · Cited by 18
Bonini, N., Grecucci, A., Nicolè, M., & Savadori, L. (2017) · Journal of Gambling Studies · doi:10.1007/s10899-017-9709-z · Cited by 16
“Whereas pathological gamblers with past substance abuse disorder pumped more than pathological gamblers without substance use disorder, although both groups were similar to the control group, whose number of pumps was between the two (Ledgerwood et al. 2009).”
Andrade, L. F., & Petry, N. M. (2014) · Psychology of Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1037/a0036153 · Cited by 16
Self-citationAndrade, L. F., Alessi, S. M., & Petry, N. M. (2013) · Journal of Psychoactive Drugs · doi:10.1080/02791072.2013.803645 · Cited by 15
“Problem and pathological gamblers also discount delayed rewards at higher rates than non-problem gambling controls (Ledgerwood et al. 2009; Alessi & Petry 2003; Dixon, Marley & Jacobs 2003; Petry 2001; Petry & Casarella 1999).”
BackgroundSelf-citationReactive and proactive control mechanisms of response inhibition in gambling disorder
Sharif-Razi, M., Hodgins, D. C., & Goghari, V. M. (2018) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2018.12.049 · Cited by 17
Cognitive dynamics of intertemporal choice in gambling disorder
Calluso, C., Pettorruso, M., Tosoni, A., Carenti, M. L., Cannito, L., Martinotti, G., Giannantonio, M. D., & Committeri, G. (2020) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2020.106463 · Cited by 17
Adaptations of the balloon analog risk task for neuroimaging settings: a systematic review
Compagne, C., Mayer, J. T., Gabriel, D., Comte, A., Magnin, É., Bennabi, D., & Tannou, T. (2023) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2023.1237734 · Cited by 12
“While a majority of articles found links between risk-taking behavior in the BART and real-world risk behaviors (substance abuse: alcohol, tobacco, drug) and gambling (Lejuez et al., 2002, 2003b; Aklin et al., 2005; Bornovalova et al., 2005; Hunt et al., 2005; Crowley et al., 2006; Lejuez et al., 2007; Skeel et al., 2…”
BackgroundJosephson, H., Carlbring, P., Forsberg, L., & Rosendahl, I. K. (2016) · PeerJ · doi:10.7717/peerj.1899 · Cited by 12
Discounting of food and water in rats shows trait‐ and state‐like characteristics
Haynes, J. M., Galizio, A., Frye, C. C. J., Towse, C. C., Morrissey, K. N., Serang, S., & Odum, A. L. (2021) · Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior · doi:10.1002/jeab.677 · Cited by 13
A Multifactorial Conceptualization of Impulsivity
Knezevic-Budisin, B., Pedden, V., White, A. C., Miller, C., & Hoaken, P. N. S. (2015) · Journal of Individual Differences · doi:10.1027/1614-0001/a000173 · Cited by 6
“For example, in a factor-analytic framework, Meda et al. (2009) reported a significant overlap between certain selfreport and laboratory measures as well as similar impulsivity constructs between healthy subjects and those with current or former cocaine or alcohol addiction.”
BackgroundImpulsivity and Cognitive Distortions in Problem Gambling: Theory and Application
Lindberg, A., Clark, L., & Bowden‐Jones, H. (2014) · Palgrave Macmillan UK eBooks · doi:10.1057/9781137272423_11 · Cited by 10
Tedford, S. E., Holtz, N. A., Persons, A. L., & Napier, T. C. (2014) · Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2014.00215 · Cited by 11
Impulse and reason? Justifications in problem gambling
Wu, R., & Clark, L. (2024) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2024.108072 · Cited by 11
Attitudes, beliefs and impulsivity in online gambling addiction
Trivedi, R. H., & Teichert, T. (2018) · International Gambling Studies · doi:10.1080/14459795.2018.1466188 · Cited by 9
“…& Stanovich, 2007), and various studies showed that addicted gamblers differ from others with regard to the steep discount of monetary rewards (Alessi & Petry, 2003; Dixon, Jacobs, & Sanders, 2006; Ledgerwood, Alessi, Phoenix, & Petry, 2009; Nigro & Cosenza, 2016; Petry & Casarella, 1999).”
Blessington, G. P., & Hayashi, Y. (2020) · The Psychological Record · doi:10.1007/s40732-019-00373-2 · Cited by 10
Peckham, A., Sandler, J. P., Dattolico, D., McHugh, R. K., Johnson, D. S., Björgvinsson, Þ., Pizzagalli, D. A., & Beard, C. (2021) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2021.103968 · Cited by 8
The gambler’s fallacy in problem and non-problem gamblers
Matarazzo, O., Carpentieri, M., Greco, C., & Pizzini, B. (2019) · Journal of Behavioral Addictions · doi:10.1556/2006.8.2019.66 · Cited by 8
Examining gambling activity subtypes over time in a large sample of young adults
Bilevicius, E., Edgerton, J. D., Sanscartier, M. D., Jiang, D., & Keough, M. T. (2019) · Addiction Research & Theory · doi:10.1080/16066359.2019.1647177 · Cited by 8
“2015), alcohol and drug use while gambling (Barnes et al. 2009; Ledgerwood et al. 2009; Cronce and Corbin 2010; Kairouz et al. 2012; Welte et al. 2011; Afifi et al. 2016), problem gambling symptoms (Breyer et al.”
BackgroundPilatti, A., & Tuzinkievich, F. B. (2015) · Adicciones · doi:10.20882/adicciones.190 · Cited by 8
Grekin, E. R., Thomas, H. A., Souweidane, M. A., & Stidham, J. L. (2025) · Personality Science · doi:10.1177/27000710251391610 · Cited by 7
“…marijuana use (Johnson et al., 2010), reduced physical activity (Bosworth Garza et al., 2013), overeating (Epstein et al., 2010), and gambling (Ledgerwood et al., 2009; MacKillop et al., 2011), future self-continuity interventions, which can reduce temporal discounting, have the potential to…”
Grubbs, J. B., Tahk, R., Chapman, H., Milner, L. A., & Kraus, S. W. (2024) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.06.044 · Cited by 7
Cairncross, M., Milosevic, A., Struble, C. A., Ellis, J. D., & Ledgerwood, D. M. (2019) · The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease · doi:10.1097/nmd.0000000000000959 · Cited by 7
“Furthermore, individuals with ADHD (Crone et al., 2003; Luman et al., 2005) and PPG (Dixon et al., 2006; Goudriaan et al., 2004; Ledgerwood et al., 2009) both demonstrate preference for smaller, immediate rewards, rather than larger delayed rewards, regardless of future consequences, on delay…”
BackgroundSelf-citationDezachyo, O., Kozak, S., Bar‐Haim, Y., Censor, N., & Dayan, E. (2021) · eNeuro · doi:10.1523/eneuro.0277-21.2021 · Cited by 8
“Indeed, multiple studies have documented the contribution of cognitive control to distress tolerance (Ledgerwood et al., 2009; Bagge et al., 2013; Macatee et al., 2018).”
BackgroundModerating Effect of Impulsivity on the Association Between Entrapment and Problem Gambling
Awo, L. O., Amazue, L. O., & Agha, C. O. (2021) · Journal of Gambling Studies · doi:10.1007/s10899-021-10047-w · Cited by 6
Worhunsky, P. D., & Rogers, R. D. (2017) · Journal of Gambling Studies · doi:10.1007/s10899-017-9737-8 · Cited by 6
“Impulsivity (BIS-11) and gambling-related beliefs (GBQ) scores were consistent with gambling samples (Ledgerwood et al. 2009; Steenbergh et al. 2002).”
ResultEssential fatty acids and Barratt impulsivity in gambling disorder
Sánchez-Páez, P., Pérez-Templado, J., Sáiz-Ruiz, J., Pastor, Ó., & Ibáñez, Á. (2020) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-020-02496-1 · Cited by 6
Pilatti, A., Cupani, M., Tuzinkievich, F. B., & Winfree, W. R. (2016) · Addictive Behaviors Reports · doi:10.1016/j.abrep.2016.09.001 · Cited by 5
“Gambling is a prevalent recreational activity in many countries and across diverse cultures (Clark, 2010; Frascella et al., 2010; Ledgerwood et al., 2009).”
BackgroundBottesi, G., & Ghisi, M. (2014) · Psychopathology Review · doi:10.5127/pr.032713 · Cited by 6
“…failed to find impairments in PG and OCD groups (Bohne et al., 2008; Hermann, Jacob, Unterecker, & Fallgatter, 2003; Johannes et al., 2001; Kim, Kim, Yoo, & Kwon, 2007; Lawrence et al., 2009; Ledgerwood et al., 2009; Maltby, Tolin, Worhunsky, O’Keefe, & Kiehl, 2005; Ruchsow et al., 2005; 2007).”
BackgroundDelay and probability discounting in the context of gambling function and expectancies
Thomas, K. B., Derenne, A., & Weatherly, J. N. (2015) · Journal of Gambling Issues · doi:10.4309/jgi.2015.30.6 · Cited by 5
“The same study also reported that problem gamblers delayed discounting at steeper rates than did non-problem gamblers (Ledgerwood et al., 2009).”
Gambling, tobacco use, and health among individuals in substance use disorder treatment
Pagano, A., Le, T. L., FONG, T. W., Reid, R. C., Delucchi, K., & Guydish, J. R. (2023) · American Journal on Addictions · doi:10.1111/ajad.13458 · Cited by 6
Empirical evidence of the role of executive functions in tolerance of emotional distress
del Valle, M. V., Zamora, E. V., Urquijo, S., Vernucci, S., Andrés, M. L., & Juric, L. C. (2024) · Journal of Cognitive Psychology · doi:10.1080/20445911.2024.2408770 · Cited by 4
“However, two other studies (Bagge et al., 2013; Macatee et al., 2018) reported no relationship between distress tolerance and inhibition, and one of these studies found no relationship between distress tolerance and working memory (Ledgerwood et al., 2009).”
InfluentialHong, X., Zheng, L., & Li, X. (2014) · Journal of Gambling Studies · doi:10.1007/s10899-014-9509-7 · Cited by 4
Fu, W., Huang, Z., Li, J., Dong, Q., Li, Y., Li, G., Xu, Y., Xue, B., Li, Z., Chen, C., et al. (2021) · NeuroImage Clinical · doi:10.1016/j.nicl.2021.102895 · Cited by 5
“…this paradigm observed that subjects craving for alcohol (Mitchell et al., 2005), methamphetamine (Hoffman et al., 2008), tobacco (Ohmura et al., 2005), heroin and cocaine (Kirby and Petry, 2015), and gambling (Ledgerwood et al., 2009) discounted delayed rewards faster than healthy volunteers.”
BackgroundPilatti, A., Montejano, G. B. R., Cesar, A., Bertone, M. F. H., Cumin, G., & Pautassi, R. M. (2016) · Suma Psicológica · doi:10.1016/j.sumpsi.2016.09.003 · Cited by 4
Metadata
- Authors
- Ledgerwood, D. M., Alessi, S. M., Phoenix, N., & Petry, N. M.
- Affiliations
- UConn Health (US)
- Corresponding author
- Ledgerwood, David M.
- Venue
- Drug and Alcohol Dependence
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2009-11
- Volume
- 105
- Issue
- 1-2
- Pages
- 89-96
- ISSN
- 0376-8716 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC2743796
- OpenAlex
- W2039731862
- Cited by
- 123
- References
- 56
- Citations by year
- 2025: 2 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 7
- FWCI
- 7.57
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Drug and Alcohol Dependence (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH060417)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Gambling Behavior and Treatments
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › General Decision Sciences › Decision-Making and Behavioral Economics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
- Keywords
- gambling addiction, impulsivity, delay discounting, sensation seeking, risk-taking, response inhibition, attention and memory, distress tolerance
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Analysis of Variance, Data Interpretation, Statistical, Education, Employment, Ethnicity, Female, Gambling, Humans, Impulsive Behavior, Income, Male, Middle Aged, Neuropsychological Tests, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Reward, Risk-Taking, Socioeconomic Factors, Substance-Related Disorders
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