Efficacy of lifestyle interventions in patients with type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Abstract
Background The current meta-analysis evaluated the outcomes of various lifestyle interventions, including diet modifications (DIET), physical activity (PA), and patient education (EDU) in reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease in patients with type 2 diabetes.Methods Randomized clinical trials comparing lifestyle intervention with "usual care" (control) in type 2 diabetes patients were hand-searched from medical databases by two independent reviewers using the terms "diabetes, cardiovascular risk, lifestyle, health education, dietary, exercise/physical activities, and behavior intervention".Results Of the 235 studies identified, 17 were chosen for the meta-analysis. The average age of patients ranged from 50-67.3 years. Results reveal no significant difference between the groups, with respect to BMI, while PA and DIET yielded a greater reduction in HbA1c. Significant reduction in both systolic and diastolic pressures in the DIET group, and diastolic pressure in the PA group, was observed. HDL-c in the DIET group was significantly higher than the control group, while no change in LDL-c levels, was seen in all three intervention subtypes. There was no difference between the EDU vs. the control group in terms of HbA1c, blood pressure or HDL-c and LDL-c.Conclusion DIET intervention showed an improvement in HbA1c, systolic/diastolic blood pressure and HDL-c, with an exception of LDL-c and BMI, suggesting that nutritional intervention had a significant impact on the quality of life by reducing the cardiovascular risk in type 2 diabetes patients.
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An increased animal fat (saturated fatty acid [SFA]) intake has been shown to be associated with the risk of diabetes.
“an increased animal fat (saturated fatty acid [SFA]) intake has been shown to be associated with the risk of diabetes 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 .”
From Japanese clinical practice guideline for diabetes 2019 (2020) · cites this paper as [20]
DPP-4 inhibitors appear to have a favorable safety profile.
“Thus, at present, DPP‐4 inhibitors appear to have a favorable safety profile 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , while attention needs to be given to the potential onset of acute pancreatitis and bullous pemphigoid with these agents.”
From Japanese clinical practice guideline for diabetes 2019 (2020) · cites this paper as [20]
Diabetes is often associated with depressive symptoms and anxiety disorders specific to the disease.
“Diabetes is often associated with depressive symptoms and anxiety disorders specific to the disease 18 , 19 , 20 , leading to suboptimal self‐care, worsening of glycemic control, an increased risk of diabetic complications, and an impaired QOL, thus adversely affecting the prognosis of affected patients 21 , 22 .”
From Japanese clinical practice guideline for diabetes 2019 (2020) · cites this paper as [20]
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- Authors
- Huang, X.-L., Pan, J.-H., Chen, D., Chen, J., Chen, F., & Hu, T.-T.
- Affiliations
- Wuhan No.1 Hospital (CN)
- Venue
- European Journal of Internal Medicine
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2016-01
- Volume
- 27
- Pages
- 37-47
- ISSN
- 0953-6205 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2185575472
- Cited by
- 94
- References
- 39
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 19 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 7
- FWCI
- 1.05
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- European Journal of Internal Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Treatment and Management
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Education
- Keywords
- type 2 diabetes, lifestyle intervention, dietary change, physical activity, patient education, cardiovascular risk, HbA1c, blood pressure, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, body mass index, glycemic control
- MeSH terms
- Blood Pressure, Cardiovascular Diseases, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Diet, Glycated Hemoglobin, Humans, Life Style, Cholesterol, HDL, Cholesterol, LDL, Motor Activity, Patient Education as Topic, Quality of Life, Risk Factors, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Publication Bias
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