Lifestyle factors, self-management and patient empowerment in diabetes care
Open accessAbstract
Although management of diabetes mellitus is improving, inadequately managed cases still exist. Prevention of diabetes mellitus requires an integrated and holistic approach based on the origin of the disease. In Europe only half of diagnosed patients with diabetes mellitus have good glycaemic control. Inadequate glycaemic control is significantly increasing the use of healthcare resources, the medical costs and mortality rates. A review was conducted in order to summarise and discuss central themes for prevention. A search of the databases PubMed, CINAHL, Cochrane and Google Scholar between January 2010–May 2019 was undertaken. The following keywords: ‘diabetes mellitus’, ‘cardiovascular diseases’, ‘empowerment’, ‘self-management education’ and ‘lifestyle factors’ were used in different combinations to identify eligible articles. Important variables for the prevention of diabetes mellitus and its complications are self-management of diabetes mellitus and the management of risk factors. Education and support for self-management are fundamental when caring for people with a chronic disease like diabetes mellitus. In order to achieve effective self-management including lifestyle modification it is also crucial to motivate people. In this review, the role of the three main pillars in diabetes care are identified and discussed; patient empowerment, self-management education and lifestyle modification in the management of people with diabetes mellitus.
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Diabetes is directly influenced by various lifestyle factors, and lifestyle modifications are the cornerstones of nonpharmacological management of T2DM.
“Given that diabetes is directly influenced by various lifestyle factors, lifestyle modifications, including dietary changes, weight management, increased physical activity, smoking cessation, and psychological support, are the cornerstones of nonpharmacological management of the condition [4,6-10].”
From Evaluation of the Impact of Mobile Health App Vitadio in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: Randomized Controlled Trial (2025) · cites this paper as [8]
The Lifestyle modification section (page unavailable) identifies obesity, poor diet, smoking and physical inactivity as modifiable diabetes risk factors, and lists weight control, dietary changes, smoking cessation and exercise as lifestyle modifications. The Discussion treats lifestyle modification as central to diabetes management. The paper discusses emotional and peer support under Modes of delivery, but does not identify psychological support as a lifestyle modification, so the full list is not supported. (LLM, conf=0.84)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredDiabetes management requires substantial diabetes-related knowledge and health literacy.
“In addition, it requires substantial diabetes-related knowledge and health literacy, enabling patients to make well-informed decisions about their lifestyle choices [8,14].”
From Evaluation of the Impact of Mobile Health App Vitadio in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: Randomized Controlled Trial (2025) · cites this paper as [8]
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Marx, N., Federici, M., Schütt, K., Müller-Wieland, D., Ajjan, R. A., Antunes, M. J., Christodorescu, R. M., Crawford, C., Di Angelantonio, E., Eliasson, B., et al. (2023) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehad192 · Cited by 1,642 · see citing works
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“In addition, it requires substantial diabetes-related knowledge and health literacy, enabling patients to make well-informed decisions about their lifestyle choices [8,14].”
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- Authors
- Lambrinou, E., Hansen, T. B., & Beulens, J. W.
- Affiliations
- Cyprus University of Technology (CY)
- University of Southern Denmark (DK)
- Amsterdam Public Health (NL)
- Corresponding author
- Lambrinou, Ekaterini
- Venue
- European Journal of Preventive Cardiology
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2019-11-26
- Volume
- 26
- Issue
- 2_suppl
- Pages
- 55-63
- ISSN
- 2047-4873 (ISSN-L)
- 2047-4881
- OpenAlex
- W2989828393
- Cited by
- 261
- References
- 89
- Citations by year
- 2026: 22 · 2025: 42 · 2024: 58 · 2023: 77 · 2022: 35 · 2021: 20 · 2020: 6
- FWCI
- 2.35
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- European Journal of Preventive Cardiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Pure Amsterdam UMC (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Ktisis at Cyprus University of Technology (Cyprus University of Technology) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Amsterdam UMC (VU Amsterdam) - Institutional Repository (submittedVersion)
- University of Southern Denmark Research Portal (University of Southern Denmark) (submittedVersion)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Education
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
- Keywords
- diabetes mellitus, patient empowerment, self-management education, lifestyle modification, diabetes prevention, glycemic control, cardiovascular disease, risk factor control, chronic disease management, patient motivation
- MeSH terms
- Self-Management, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Humans, Life Style, Patient Participation
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